The document discusses the harmful effects of substance abuse, including alcohol and various illegal drugs. It provides statistics on drug use and related health issues in the United States. The physical, mental, and social consequences of drug and alcohol abuse are explained for different substances, such as brain damage from binge drinking, increased risk of accidents from drunk driving, and transmission of diseases from sharing drug paraphernalia. Real-life cases are presented to illustrate how substance abuse can destroy lives and families.

1. Substance Abuse and its Deadly Consequences Nick van Terheyden, MD

2. Latest Info Binge Drinking Slows Teenage Brains Less Brian Matter Decreased learning Permanent destruction of White Brain Matter

3. Drug Myths I am stronger than the drug I can control what others cannot Drugs make me more creative/social etc. Life is better stoned. Drugs do no permanent harm. What I do in my own time is my own business Doctors/counselors/authorities are liars. *** is way safer than alcohol. I know a guy/girl who’s been doing this for years and s/he’s fine …

4. Drug Stats I The illegal drug industry ranks in size with Mobil Oil as the U.S. second largest business-only Exxon is larger. Drugs and alcohol cost taxpayers nearly $276 billion dollars a year in preventable health care costs, extra law enforcement, auto crashes, crime, and lost productivity.

5. Drug Stats II In 1999, an estimated 14.8 million Americans were current illicit drug users. There is an average of 1.5 million emergency room visits per year because of drug use. Five typical marijuana cigarettes have the same cancer-causing capability as 112 tobacco cigarettes.

6. Statistics America has only 5% of the world population but consumes 60% of ALL illegal drugs produced in the world Each year, a typical young person in the United States is inundated with more than 1,000 commercials for beer and wine coolers in addition to several thousand fictional drinking incidents on television. Alcohol is involved in 50% of all driving fatalities. Almost half of Americans ages 12 and older reported being current drinkers of alcohol. This translates into 105 million people. In the next 30 days, 17% of all 7 th graders will use alcohol. 25% of all 9-12 th graders will use enough to be defined as heavy drinkers. Every 40 minutes, a kid is arrested for drunk driving

7. Narcotics (Opioids) Heroin Morphine Codeine Hydrocodone Hydromorphone Oxycodone Methadone Meperidine Fentanyl Propoxyphene

8. Roseanne – Age 29 (Heroine Addict)

9. EFFECTS CNS effects Analgesia Drowsiness Mood changes Euphoria respiratory depression vomiting slows gastrointestinal motility No good correlation between blood concentrations and lethality

10. Aortic Valve infected

11. Cocaine COCAINE Popular recreation drug brain becomes tolerant which results in the need for more and more Headache Exhaustion Shaking Blurred vision Nausea Impotence

12. Cocaine - Pharmacologic Effects CNS stimulation euphoria hyperactivity restlessness elevation of blood pressure and heart rate hyperthermia dilatation of pupils of eyes nausea and vomiting Cardiac arrhythmias

13. Cocaine Advert

14. Cocaine affects the Brain … study of K. Little et al; Am J Psychiatry on post mortem brain tissue of chronic users – dopamine transporter proteins (VMAT2) reduced

15. Ken Caminiti Recovering Alcoholic 4 failed drug tests since 2002 for cocaine possession Died from massive heart attack @ age 41, Oct. 2004. “ When asked how someone so fit and disciplined in his sport could be so reckless with alcohol and drugs, Caminiti shook his head and said “I just don’t understand…” sports illustrated, October 18, 2004

16. Intracerebral Hemorrhage (Cocaine)

17. Crack CRACK MIXTURE OF BAKING SODA AND COCAINE smoked in glass water pipe Hyperactivity Paranoia powerful chemical dependence occurs

18. Melissa – Age 18 (Crack addict)

19. Psychedelics And Hallucinogens Peyote Mescaline LSD LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE “Trips” Trigger Panic, Depression, Confusion, Fear Of Insanity, Distorted Thoughts And Perceptions PCP Phencyclidine “Angel Dust” Behaviorally Toxic -Psychotic Attacks Temporary Insanity

20. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) The “High”: Visual hallucinations Serious Risks: Possible “flashbacks”; poor judgment leading to accidents (crashes, jumping off high places) Dilated pupils higher body temperature increased heart rate and blood pressure Sweating loss of appetite Sleeplessness dry mouth Tremors Numbness Weakness Trembling Nausea hallucinations

21. Phencyclidine - Pharmacologic Effects hallucinogen slurred speech staggering gait nystagmus hyperthermia increased heart rate and blood pressure hostile and bizarre behavior distorted sensory experience

22. “ Crystal Meth”(Methamphetamine) ( meth, crystal, ice, jib, crank, speed) Man made analog of amphetamine. Smokable. Made in basement labs. Meth contains a lot of dangerous chemicals. Triggers massive release of dopamine – intense “rush” Neurotoxic in animal models – destroys dopamine and serotonin neurons - Long term damage Predisposition to neurodegenerative diseases later in life Effects : Anxiety, rapid heart beat, sweating, energy. Serious Risks : Violence/aggression, hallucinations, paranoia, heart attack, HIV and other transmittable diseases, nerve damage, chronic depression, tooth loss, gum disease.

23. Brain neurochemistry alteration

24. Eroding the Mind

25. Methamphetamine Effects

26. Ecstasy MDMA – “E” Methylenedioxyamphetamine Hallucinogen, (euphoria, depression) Effects last 4-6 hours, after effects last weeks to months Works on serotonin system (mood) May damage neurons permanently after 1 use Addictive potential like very weak cocaine Malignant hyperthermia chronic paranoid psychosis cardiac arrest coagulopathy

27. Ecstasy Effects : Increased energy, nausea, hallucinations, chills, sweating, shaking, blurred vision, rapid heart beat, high blood pressure, muscle cramping. Serious Risks : Heat stroke, severe dehydration, possible changes in brain functioning, memory problems, serious depression. Eventually, you “run out” of Serotonin, regardless of how much you take.

28. Ectasy Affects on the Brain Dark indicates damage

29. Inhalants Chemicals that produce vapors with psychoactive effects Solvents, aerosols, cleaning fluids, and petroleum products Local irritation to nose and upper respiratory tract, nosebleeds, loss of coordination, loss of appetite Decreased breathing and HR

30. Inhalants Effects : Nausea Sneezing Fatigue Coughing nose bleeds rapid pulse Headaches involuntary release urination or feces impaired judgment Serious Risks: Violent behavior loss of consciousness loss of feeling in hands and feet Kidney damage brain damage loss of smell Loss of hearing Loss of memory Loss of bone marrow hepatitis

31. Drug Abuse Related Toxicity HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) infection AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) In large cities perhaps 40-50% of IV drug users test positive for HIV. Sharing of needles and syringes is primarily responsible. Hepatitis B - Another blood-borne disease responsible for 100s of deaths in IV drug abusers

32. All Drugs All drugs are dangerous! With many of these drugs, there’s no way for the user to know: who made the drug what the ingredients are how much of an ingredient the drug contains Because of these unknowns, the drug’s effects can be very unpredictable

33. Alcohol

34. BAC – Blood Alcohol Concentrations. Measured in grams/100 ml blood. . 01 – marked increase in sleepiness. Impairs sleep. .02 – decreased ability to understand commands, esp. radio. .03 risk of fatal MVA 1.5x normal .05 – too impaired to operate a vehicle. 24 hour suspension. Poor speed/distance perception. Poor problem solving skills. Fatal MVA 2 x normal. .08 – “legally” impaired. Fatal MVA 4 x normal. .1-.19 – neurologic impairment, reaction time, ataxia.. .2-.3 – severe impairment .4 – hypothermia, stage 1 anesthesia, aspiration .5-.8 – onset of coma, death

35. Limits

36. Ethanol (Alcohol) CNS depression impaired judgement depressed learned social and cultural inhibitions impaired self evaluation euphoria memory loss shortened attention span blurred vision nystagmus impaired hearing reduced muscle coordination

37. Alcohol Brain Damage

38. Alcohol Liver Damage

39. You Don’t Need to Drink Alcohol

40. Drinking/Drugs and Driving

41. Jacqueline Saburido

42. December 1999 The car in which Jacqueline was in was hit by another car that was driven by a 17-year old male student on his way home after drinking a couple of hard packs with his friends

43. She Suffered 60% Burns Jacqueline was caught in the burning car and her body was heavily burnt during around 45 seconds. After the accident Jacqueline has needed over 40 operations

44. Three Months After the Accident

45. Lifelong Treatment Without a left eyelid Jacquie needs eye drops to keep her vision

46. 4 Years On

47. Tobacco

48. Tobacco and Lung Disease

49. Tobacco and Lung Disease

50. Tobacco and Heart Disease

51. Tobacco and Mouth Disease

52. Marijuana

53. Marihuana EFFECTS euphoria sleepiness impaired short-term memory impaired balance altered time perception impaired multi-tasking Hashish extract of cannabis 2 to 10 times more potent than marijuana

54. Thank You Questions?