This document discusses the dangers of substance abuse. It notes that binge drinking can slow teenage brain development and cause permanent white brain matter destruction. It debunks common drug myths and provides statistics on drug use and related costs. It describes the effects of various drugs like cocaine, heroin, LSD, methamphetamine and alcohol. It notes that all drugs are dangerous due to unknown ingredients and effects. Chronic use can damage organs like the brain, heart and liver. Substance abuse also increases health costs and crime rates in societies.

1. Substance Abuse and itsSubstance Abuse and its
Deadly ConsequencesDeadly Consequences
Nick van Terheyden, MDNick van Terheyden, MD

2. Latest InfoLatest Info
Binge Drinking Slows Teenage BrainsBinge Drinking Slows Teenage Brains
Less Brian MatterLess Brian Matter
Decreased learningDecreased learning
Permanent destruction of White Brain MatterPermanent destruction of White Brain Matter

3. Drug MythsDrug Myths
I am stronger than the drugI am stronger than the drug
– I can control what others cannotI can control what others cannot
Drugs make me more creative/social etc.Drugs make me more creative/social etc.
Life is better stoned.Life is better stoned.
Drugs do no permanent harm.Drugs do no permanent harm.
What I do in my own time is my own businessWhat I do in my own time is my own business
Doctors/counselors/authorities are liars.Doctors/counselors/authorities are liars.
*** is*** is wayway safer than alcohol.safer than alcohol.
I know a guy/girl who’s been doing this forI know a guy/girl who’s been doing this for
years and s/he’syears and s/he’s finefine……

4. Drug Stats IDrug Stats I
The illegal drug industry ranks inThe illegal drug industry ranks in
size with Mobil Oil as the U.S.size with Mobil Oil as the U.S.
second largest business-only Exxonsecond largest business-only Exxon
is larger.is larger.
Drugs and alcohol cost taxpayersDrugs and alcohol cost taxpayers
nearly $276 billion dollars a year innearly $276 billion dollars a year in
preventable health care costs, extrapreventable health care costs, extra
law enforcement, auto crashes,law enforcement, auto crashes,
crime, and lost productivity.crime, and lost productivity.

5. Drug Stats IIDrug Stats II
In 1999, an estimated 14.8 millionIn 1999, an estimated 14.8 million
Americans were current illicit drugAmericans were current illicit drug
users.users.
There is an average of 1.5 millionThere is an average of 1.5 million
emergency room visits per yearemergency room visits per year
because of drug use.because of drug use.
Five typical marijuana cigarettesFive typical marijuana cigarettes
have the same cancer-causinghave the same cancer-causing
capability as 112 tobacco cigarettes.capability as 112 tobacco cigarettes.

6. StatisticsStatistics
America has only 5% of the world population butAmerica has only 5% of the world population but
consumes 60% of ALL illegal drugs produced in the worldconsumes 60% of ALL illegal drugs produced in the world
Each year, a typical young person in the United States isEach year, a typical young person in the United States is
inundated with more than 1,000 commercials for beer andinundated with more than 1,000 commercials for beer and
wine coolers in addition to several thousand fictionalwine coolers in addition to several thousand fictional
drinking incidents on television.drinking incidents on television.
Alcohol is involved in 50% of all driving fatalities.Alcohol is involved in 50% of all driving fatalities.
Almost half of Americans ages 12 and older reported beingAlmost half of Americans ages 12 and older reported being
current drinkers of alcohol. This translates into 105current drinkers of alcohol. This translates into 105
million people.million people.
In the next 30 days, 17% of all 7In the next 30 days, 17% of all 7thth
graders will use alcohol.graders will use alcohol.
25% of all 9-1225% of all 9-12thth
graders will use enough to be defined asgraders will use enough to be defined as
heavy drinkers.heavy drinkers.
Every 40 minutes, a kid is arrested for drunk drivingEvery 40 minutes, a kid is arrested for drunk driving

7. Narcotics (Opioids)Narcotics (Opioids)
HeroinHeroin
MorphineMorphine
CodeineCodeine
HydrocodoneHydrocodone
HydromorphoneHydromorphone
OxycodoneOxycodone
MethadoneMethadone
MeperidineMeperidine
FentanylFentanyl
PropoxyphenePropoxyphene

8. Roseanne – Age 29 (HeroineRoseanne – Age 29 (Heroine
Addict)Addict)

9. EFFECTSEFFECTS
CNS effectsCNS effects
– AnalgesiaAnalgesia
– DrowsinessDrowsiness
– Mood changesMood changes
– EuphoriaEuphoria
– respiratory depressionrespiratory depression
vomitingvomiting
slows gastrointestinal motilityslows gastrointestinal motility
No good correlation between bloodNo good correlation between blood
concentrations and lethalityconcentrations and lethality

10. Aortic Valve infectedAortic Valve infected

11. CocaineCocaine
COCAINECOCAINE
Popular recreation drugPopular recreation drug
brain becomes tolerant whichbrain becomes tolerant which
results in the need for more andresults in the need for more and
moremore
– HeadacheHeadache
– ExhaustionExhaustion
– ShakingShaking
– Blurred visionBlurred vision
– NauseaNausea
– ImpotenceImpotence

12. Cocaine - Pharmacologic EffectsCocaine - Pharmacologic Effects
CNS stimulationCNS stimulation
– euphoriaeuphoria
– hyperactivityhyperactivity
– restlessnessrestlessness
elevation of blood pressure and heart rateelevation of blood pressure and heart rate
hyperthermiahyperthermia
dilatation of pupils of eyesdilatation of pupils of eyes
nausea and vomitingnausea and vomiting
Cardiac arrhythmiasCardiac arrhythmias

13. Cocaine AdvertCocaine Advert

14. Cocaine affects the BrainCocaine affects the Brain
……study of K. Little et al; Am Jstudy of K. Little et al; Am J
Psychiatry on post mortemPsychiatry on post mortem
brain tissue of chronic users –brain tissue of chronic users –
dopamine transporterdopamine transporter
proteins (VMAT2) reducedproteins (VMAT2) reduced

15. Ken CaminitiKen Caminiti
Recovering AlcoholicRecovering Alcoholic
4 failed drug tests since 2002 for4 failed drug tests since 2002 for
cocaine possessioncocaine possession
Died from massive heart attack @Died from massive heart attack @
age 41, Oct. 2004.age 41, Oct. 2004.
““When asked how someone so fitWhen asked how someone so fit
and disciplined in his sport couldand disciplined in his sport could
be so reckless with alcohol andbe so reckless with alcohol and
drugs, Caminiti shook his headdrugs, Caminiti shook his head
and said “I just don’tand said “I just don’t
understand…”understand…” sports illustrated, October 18, 2004sports illustrated, October 18, 2004

16. Intracerebral Hemorrhage (Cocaine)Intracerebral Hemorrhage (Cocaine)

17. CrackCrack
CRACK MIXTURE OF BAKINGCRACK MIXTURE OF BAKING
SODA AND COCAINESODA AND COCAINE
smoked in glass water pipesmoked in glass water pipe
HyperactivityHyperactivity
ParanoiaParanoia
powerful chemical dependencepowerful chemical dependence
occursoccurs

18. Melissa – Age 18 (Crack addict)Melissa – Age 18 (Crack addict)

19. Psychedelics And HallucinogensPsychedelics And Hallucinogens
PeyotePeyote
MescalineMescaline
LSD LYSERGIC ACIDLSD LYSERGIC ACID
DIETHYLAMIDE “Trips” Trigger Panic,DIETHYLAMIDE “Trips” Trigger Panic,
Depression, Confusion, Fear OfDepression, Confusion, Fear Of
Insanity, Distorted Thoughts AndInsanity, Distorted Thoughts And
PerceptionsPerceptions
PCP Phencyclidine “Angel Dust”PCP Phencyclidine “Angel Dust”
Behaviorally Toxic -Psychotic AttacksBehaviorally Toxic -Psychotic Attacks
Temporary InsanityTemporary Insanity

20. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
The “High”:The “High”: VisualVisual
hallucinationshallucinations
Serious Risks:Serious Risks:
PossiblePossible
“flashbacks”; poor“flashbacks”; poor
judgment leading tojudgment leading to
accidents (crashes,accidents (crashes,
jumping off highjumping off high
places)places)
Dilated pupilsDilated pupils
higher body temperaturehigher body temperature
increased heart rate andincreased heart rate and
blood pressureblood pressure
SweatingSweating
loss of appetiteloss of appetite
SleeplessnessSleeplessness
dry mouthdry mouth
TremorsTremors
NumbnessNumbness
WeaknessWeakness
TremblingTrembling
NauseaNausea
hallucinationshallucinations

21. Phencyclidine - Pharmacologic EffectsPhencyclidine - Pharmacologic Effects
hallucinogenhallucinogen
slurred speechslurred speech
staggering gaitstaggering gait
nystagmusnystagmus
hyperthermiahyperthermia
increased heart rate and blood pressureincreased heart rate and blood pressure
hostile and bizarre behaviorhostile and bizarre behavior
distorted sensory experiencedistorted sensory experience

22. ““Crystal Meth”(Methamphetamine)Crystal Meth”(Methamphetamine)
((meth, crystal, ice, jib, crank, speed)meth, crystal, ice, jib, crank, speed)
Man made analog of amphetamine. Smokable. Made inMan made analog of amphetamine. Smokable. Made in
basement labs.basement labs.
Meth contains a lot of dangerous chemicals.Meth contains a lot of dangerous chemicals.
Triggers massive release of dopamine – intense “rush”Triggers massive release of dopamine – intense “rush”
Neurotoxic in animal models – destroys dopamine andNeurotoxic in animal models – destroys dopamine and
serotonin neurons - Long term damageserotonin neurons - Long term damage
Predisposition to neurodegenerative diseases later in lifePredisposition to neurodegenerative diseases later in life
EffectsEffects: Anxiety, rapid heart beat, sweating, energy.: Anxiety, rapid heart beat, sweating, energy.
Serious RisksSerious Risks: Violence/aggression, hallucinations,: Violence/aggression, hallucinations,
paranoia, heart attack, HIV and other transmittableparanoia, heart attack, HIV and other transmittable
diseases, nerve damage, chronic depression, tooth loss,diseases, nerve damage, chronic depression, tooth loss,
gum disease.gum disease.

23. Brain neurochemistry alterationBrain neurochemistry alteration

24. Eroding the MindEroding the Mind

25. Methamphetamine EffectsMethamphetamine Effects

26. EcstasyEcstasy
MDMA – “E”MDMA – “E”
MethylenedioxyamphetamineMethylenedioxyamphetamine
Hallucinogen, (euphoria, depression)Hallucinogen, (euphoria, depression)
Effects last 4-6 hours, after effects last weeks to monthsEffects last 4-6 hours, after effects last weeks to months
Works on serotonin system (mood)Works on serotonin system (mood)
May damage neurons permanently after 1 useMay damage neurons permanently after 1 use
Addictive potential like very weak cocaineAddictive potential like very weak cocaine
Malignant hyperthermiaMalignant hyperthermia
chronic paranoid psychosischronic paranoid psychosis
cardiac arrestcardiac arrest
coagulopathycoagulopathy

27. EcstasyEcstasy
EffectsEffects: Increased energy, nausea,: Increased energy, nausea,
hallucinations, chills, sweating, shaking,hallucinations, chills, sweating, shaking,
blurred vision, rapid heart beat, high bloodblurred vision, rapid heart beat, high blood
pressure, muscle cramping.pressure, muscle cramping.
Serious RisksSerious Risks: Heat stroke, severe dehydration,: Heat stroke, severe dehydration,
possible changes in brain functioning,possible changes in brain functioning,
memory problems, serious depression.memory problems, serious depression.
Eventually, you “run out” of Serotonin,Eventually, you “run out” of Serotonin,
regardless of how much you take.regardless of how much you take.

28. Ectasy Affects on the BrainEctasy Affects on the Brain
Dark indicates damage

29. InhalantsInhalants
Chemicals that produce vaporsChemicals that produce vapors
with psychoactive effectswith psychoactive effects
Solvents, aerosols, cleaning fluids,Solvents, aerosols, cleaning fluids,
and petroleum productsand petroleum products
Local irritation to nose and upperLocal irritation to nose and upper
respiratory tract, nosebleeds, loss ofrespiratory tract, nosebleeds, loss of
coordination, loss of appetitecoordination, loss of appetite
Decreased breathing and HRDecreased breathing and HR

30. InhalantsInhalants
EffectsEffects::
NauseaNausea
SneezingSneezing
FatigueFatigue
CoughingCoughing
nose bleedsnose bleeds
rapid pulserapid pulse
HeadachesHeadaches
involuntary release urinationinvoluntary release urination
or fecesor feces
impaired judgmentimpaired judgment
Serious Risks:Serious Risks:
Violent behaviorViolent behavior
loss of consciousnessloss of consciousness
loss of feeling in hands andloss of feeling in hands and
feetfeet
Kidney damageKidney damage
brain damagebrain damage
loss of smellloss of smell
Loss of hearingLoss of hearing
Loss of memoryLoss of memory
Loss of bone marrowLoss of bone marrow
hepatitishepatitis

31. Drug Abuse Related Toxicity
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
infectioninfection
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
In large cities perhaps 40-50% of IV drug usersIn large cities perhaps 40-50% of IV drug users
test positive for HIV.test positive for HIV.
Sharing of needles and syringes is primarilySharing of needles and syringes is primarily
responsible.responsible.
Hepatitis B - Another blood-borne diseaseHepatitis B - Another blood-borne disease
responsible for 100s of deaths in IV drugresponsible for 100s of deaths in IV drug
abusersabusers

32. All DrugsAll Drugs
All drugs are dangerous!All drugs are dangerous!
With many of these drugs, there’s no way for the user to know:With many of these drugs, there’s no way for the user to know:
– who made the drugwho made the drug
– what the ingredients arewhat the ingredients are
– how much of an ingredient the drug containshow much of an ingredient the drug contains
Because of these unknowns, the drug’s effects can be veryBecause of these unknowns, the drug’s effects can be very
unpredictableunpredictable

33. AlcoholAlcohol

34. BAC – Blood Alcohol Concentrations.BAC – Blood Alcohol Concentrations.
Measured in grams/100 ml blood.Measured in grams/100 ml blood.
..01 – marked increase in sleepiness. Impairs sleep.01 – marked increase in sleepiness. Impairs sleep.
.02 – decreased ability to understand commands, esp. radio..02 – decreased ability to understand commands, esp. radio.
.03 risk of fatal MVA 1.5x normal.03 risk of fatal MVA 1.5x normal
.05 – too impaired to operate a vehicle. 24 hour suspension. Poor.05 – too impaired to operate a vehicle. 24 hour suspension. Poor
speed/distance perception. Poor problem solving skills. Fatalspeed/distance perception. Poor problem solving skills. Fatal
MVA 2 x normal.MVA 2 x normal.
.08 – “legally” impaired. Fatal MVA 4 x normal..08 – “legally” impaired. Fatal MVA 4 x normal.
.1-.19 – neurologic impairment, reaction time, ataxia...1-.19 – neurologic impairment, reaction time, ataxia..
.2-.3 – severe impairment.2-.3 – severe impairment
.4 – hypothermia, stage 1 anesthesia, aspiration.4 – hypothermia, stage 1 anesthesia, aspiration
.5-.8 – onset of coma, death.5-.8 – onset of coma, death

35. LimitsLimits

36. Ethanol (Alcohol)Ethanol (Alcohol)
CNS depressionCNS depression
– impaired judgementimpaired judgement
– depressed learned social and cultural inhibitionsdepressed learned social and cultural inhibitions
– impaired self evaluationimpaired self evaluation
– euphoriaeuphoria
– memory lossmemory loss
– shortened attention spanshortened attention span
blurred visionblurred vision
nystagmusnystagmus
impaired hearingimpaired hearing
reduced muscle coordinationreduced muscle coordination

37. Alcohol Brain DamageAlcohol Brain Damage

38. Alcohol Liver DamageAlcohol Liver Damage

39. You Don’t Need to Drink AlcoholYou Don’t Need to Drink Alcohol

40. Drinking/Drugs and DrivingDrinking/Drugs and Driving

41. Jacqueline SaburidoJacqueline Saburido

42. December 1999December 1999
The car in which Jacqueline was in was hit by another car that was
driven by a 17-year old male student on his way home after
drinking a couple of hard packs with his friends

43. She Suffered 60% BurnsShe Suffered 60% Burns
Jacqueline was caught in the burning car
and her body was heavily burnt during
around 45 seconds.
After the accident Jacqueline has needed
over 40 operations

44. Three Months After the AccidentThree Months After the Accident

45. Lifelong TreatmentLifelong Treatment
Without a left
eyelid Jacquie
needs eye
drops to keep
her vision

46. 4 Years On4 Years On

47. TobaccoTobacco

48. Tobacco and Lung DiseaseTobacco and Lung Disease

49. Tobacco and Lung DiseaseTobacco and Lung Disease

50. Tobacco and Heart DiseaseTobacco and Heart Disease

51. Tobacco and Mouth DiseaseTobacco and Mouth Disease

52. MarijuanaMarijuana

53. Marihuana EFFECTSMarihuana EFFECTS
euphoriaeuphoria
sleepinesssleepiness
impaired short-term memoryimpaired short-term memory
impaired balanceimpaired balance
altered time perceptionaltered time perception
impaired multi-taskingimpaired multi-tasking
Hashish extract of cannabis 2 to 10Hashish extract of cannabis 2 to 10
times more potent than marijuanatimes more potent than marijuana

54. Thank YouThank You
Questions?Questions?