Switching Among Brands of Poultry Feeds: The Egg Farmers’ Acuity in Ogun Stat...AJSSMTJournal
In spite of the contribution of poultry to the protein intake and income generation of the growing
population of Nigeria, not many studies have been instituted at understanding the switching behaviour of the
poultry farmers when they make purchases of their major inputs, feed, which empirical evidences showed to
constitute about three-quarter of the variable cost of production. This study was therefore conducted to
address the gap by analysing primary data obtained from 480 poultry Egg-farmers in Ogun State through a
multistage sampling technique. The results revealed that poultry is a male dominated enterprise cutting across
two major religions in the country. Many of the farmers had been in operation for more than eight years and
are relatively educated with a mean age of 41 years. The Switching Cost (Monetized) indicated that, costs was
highest with Top feed users who opted for Vital feed at N2.20/bird/day and least for users of Hybrid who
considered Premium as an option at N0.12/bird/day. Similarly, Switching Cost (Psychological) revealed that
switching from Top feed to Premium feed will also be highest at 4.8 units and least with Hybrid to Chikun at
3.3 units. The study therefore recommended that feed producers should imbibe ways of increasing the likely
switching cost, both monetized and psychological that an Egg-farmer may incur if he switches to the Next Best
Alternative Brand through sound relationship management, lock-in programmes and reward of loyalty
Socio-Economic Factors Influencing the Probability of Market Participation am...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document summarizes a study that examined socioeconomic factors influencing cattle farmers' participation in markets in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study found that:
1) The average cattle farmer was 43 years old, had a family of 10 people, 19 years of marketing experience, and a herd of 49 cattle. Most were male (95%), married (83%), and had some formal education (78%).
2) A logit model was used to analyze factors influencing market participation. Five variables were found to significantly impact participation: gender (being male increased the probability of participation by 45%), education level, distance to market, access to market information, and seasonality.
3) The study provides recommendations such as encouraging more
Dr. Viroj NaRanong and Mr. Phunjasit Chokesomritpol, Thailand Development Research Institute.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia conference “Agriculture and Rural Transformation in Asia: Past Experiences and Future Opportunities”. An international conference jointly organized by ReSAKSS-Asia, IFPRI, TDRI, and TVSEP project of Leibniz Universit Hannover with support from USAID and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the Dusit Thani Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand December 12–14, 2017.
Thailand has an ambitious plan to be the “kitchen of the world” and thereby secure its future as one of the most important food exporters globally. The country has a market leading position in areas such as rice and sugar cane.
In this Research Note from Ipsos Business Consulting, we examine the development of the industry in Thailand and consider the relevance of poultry to the “kitchen of the world” policy.
Proceeding aciar beefcattle_ias team_jan_2014Ho Cao Viet
The document analyzes beef cattle value chains in southern central coastal Vietnam. Key findings include:
1) Beef cattle farming contributes significantly to farmer household incomes in the region. 2) Live cattle and beef prices have been rising with strong demand in urban areas. 3) Farmers have improved cattle breeds and invested more in farming. 4) Government policies aim to enhance quality and quantity of cattle through improved slaughterhouses, veterinary services, and feed sources. 5) Beef cattle farming utilizes cassava byproducts and manure fertilizes soil.
Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, respectively. Rice diseases; Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Sheath Blight, Bacterial blight, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut, Downy mildew were identified in 2016 cropping season and nine rice diseases: Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Neck Blast, Node blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut were identified in 2017. The overall mean prevalence of sheath rot and sheath brown rot diseases were above 60%, while the others had prevalence below 21%. The incidences and severities of these two diseases were higher than the other diseases implying that both diseases were important. In the present studies many rice diseases were recorded in lowland ecosystem as compared to upland ecosystem. From the assessment X-jigna cultivar was more susceptible to rice disease and followed by Gumera. The results indicate that a sheath rot, and sheath brown rot, were important across the districts and years. Loss assessment studies should be initiated in order to know the yield damage caused by the diseases.
Switching Among Brands of Poultry Feeds: The Egg Farmers’ Acuity in Ogun Stat...AJSSMTJournal
In spite of the contribution of poultry to the protein intake and income generation of the growing
population of Nigeria, not many studies have been instituted at understanding the switching behaviour of the
poultry farmers when they make purchases of their major inputs, feed, which empirical evidences showed to
constitute about three-quarter of the variable cost of production. This study was therefore conducted to
address the gap by analysing primary data obtained from 480 poultry Egg-farmers in Ogun State through a
multistage sampling technique. The results revealed that poultry is a male dominated enterprise cutting across
two major religions in the country. Many of the farmers had been in operation for more than eight years and
are relatively educated with a mean age of 41 years. The Switching Cost (Monetized) indicated that, costs was
highest with Top feed users who opted for Vital feed at N2.20/bird/day and least for users of Hybrid who
considered Premium as an option at N0.12/bird/day. Similarly, Switching Cost (Psychological) revealed that
switching from Top feed to Premium feed will also be highest at 4.8 units and least with Hybrid to Chikun at
3.3 units. The study therefore recommended that feed producers should imbibe ways of increasing the likely
switching cost, both monetized and psychological that an Egg-farmer may incur if he switches to the Next Best
Alternative Brand through sound relationship management, lock-in programmes and reward of loyalty
Socio-Economic Factors Influencing the Probability of Market Participation am...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
This document summarizes a study that examined socioeconomic factors influencing cattle farmers' participation in markets in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study found that:
1) The average cattle farmer was 43 years old, had a family of 10 people, 19 years of marketing experience, and a herd of 49 cattle. Most were male (95%), married (83%), and had some formal education (78%).
2) A logit model was used to analyze factors influencing market participation. Five variables were found to significantly impact participation: gender (being male increased the probability of participation by 45%), education level, distance to market, access to market information, and seasonality.
3) The study provides recommendations such as encouraging more
Dr. Viroj NaRanong and Mr. Phunjasit Chokesomritpol, Thailand Development Research Institute.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia conference “Agriculture and Rural Transformation in Asia: Past Experiences and Future Opportunities”. An international conference jointly organized by ReSAKSS-Asia, IFPRI, TDRI, and TVSEP project of Leibniz Universit Hannover with support from USAID and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) at the Dusit Thani Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand December 12–14, 2017.
Thailand has an ambitious plan to be the “kitchen of the world” and thereby secure its future as one of the most important food exporters globally. The country has a market leading position in areas such as rice and sugar cane.
In this Research Note from Ipsos Business Consulting, we examine the development of the industry in Thailand and consider the relevance of poultry to the “kitchen of the world” policy.
Proceeding aciar beefcattle_ias team_jan_2014Ho Cao Viet
The document analyzes beef cattle value chains in southern central coastal Vietnam. Key findings include:
1) Beef cattle farming contributes significantly to farmer household incomes in the region. 2) Live cattle and beef prices have been rising with strong demand in urban areas. 3) Farmers have improved cattle breeds and invested more in farming. 4) Government policies aim to enhance quality and quantity of cattle through improved slaughterhouses, veterinary services, and feed sources. 5) Beef cattle farming utilizes cassava byproducts and manure fertilizes soil.
Disease surveys were conducted in rice grown districts of Libokemkem, Dera and Fogera in south Gondar zone in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The study was designed to identify and record rice disease flora, their distribution in the districts, prioritize according to the importance and document for future use. Forty-six and 48 rice fields were assessed from nine Peasant Association (PA) in 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, respectively. Rice diseases; Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Sheath Blight, Bacterial blight, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut, Downy mildew were identified in 2016 cropping season and nine rice diseases: Leaf blast, Panicle Blast, Neck Blast, Node blast, Brown spot, Sheath rot, Sheath brown rot, Rice Yellow Motile Virus, Kernel smut were identified in 2017. The overall mean prevalence of sheath rot and sheath brown rot diseases were above 60%, while the others had prevalence below 21%. The incidences and severities of these two diseases were higher than the other diseases implying that both diseases were important. In the present studies many rice diseases were recorded in lowland ecosystem as compared to upland ecosystem. From the assessment X-jigna cultivar was more susceptible to rice disease and followed by Gumera. The results indicate that a sheath rot, and sheath brown rot, were important across the districts and years. Loss assessment studies should be initiated in order to know the yield damage caused by the diseases.
Agriculture holds a prime importance in the socio-economic fabric of India. Agriculture and allied sectors have remained the backbone of the Indian economy and account for ~17% of the country's GDP. India, with a second largest agricultural land in the world (157 Mn hectares), is also ranked 2nd globally in terms of agricultural output (USD 382 Bn) behind China (USD 1,005 Bn). Agriculture in India employs more than 50% of India's working population. A split of major Agricultural produce in India (FY15) is provided in the graph below. Sugarcane and Fruits & vegetable contributed to 57% of the total volume of 1,080 Million tonnes
Production of Bovine Meat in Vietnam – Opportunities for Exporting Thai Lives...Ha Thu
With the increased demand for meat of bovine animals (beef and buffalo meat), Vietnamese producers need to be more strategic in their plans in order to be proficient to supply local
demand. They also need to compete with foreign imports. Quantity of bovine meat per capita in Vietnam increased yearly by level of consumption. The Vietnam livestock industry has many weaknesses from production to marketing.
Livestock marketing and supply chain management of livestock products ILRI
Presented by Steven J. Staal as a keynote address at the 74th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Maharashtra, India, 18-20 December 2014
Role of Poultry in alleviating the poverty and malnutrition in IndiaBalaraj BL
This document summarizes information from a seminar on major credit and poverty in India. It discusses poverty levels among social groups and occupations. It also provides statistics on malnutrition, agriculture contribution to GDP, land holding patterns, poultry production statistics, and the role of the poultry sector in nutrition, poverty reduction, and employment. Challenges for small scale poultry farmers are also outlined.
Livestock Production and Improvement in India: Problems and Opportunities in ...RUFORUM
This document discusses the livestock production and improvement scenario in India. It notes that India has the world's largest population of buffalo and is a major producer of milk, but that livestock productivity is low. It identifies opportunities to increase production through better animal health and disease control, addressing feed and fodder shortages, utilizing indigenous breeds, and adding value to milk. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of the livestock sector for India's economic growth and development.
Bottlenecks in Export of Fresh Fruits & Vegetables from Northern Indian State...Rajeev Ranjan
A study report on "Bottlenecks in Export of Fresh Fruits &
Vegetables from Northern Indian States and
Measures to Overcome Them" by Rajeev Ranjan under supervision of Dr. Sudhanshu, DGM, APEDA.
Dairy Production System in Lowland Areas of Gambella, EthiopiaAI Publications
The objective of this study was to identify and assessing the different types of dairy cattle production systems, management practices, marketing and its constraints that exist in the Itang district. A total of 120 households were selected from four kebeles using simple random selection method after identifying the dairy owner from the community using purposive sampling method. Descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, chi-square and ranking were analysed using SPSS statistical package. The majority of producers (63.3%) in the pastoral system produced milk for home consumption, while the majority of mixed crop–livestock producers (40.0%) produced milk for selling purpose. In the mixed crop–livestock system, mostly cereal crop based grazing is the major feed resource but these feed resources were managed in a traditional ways. Almost all respondents in the mixed crop-livestock system (96.5%) and pastoral system (100%) did not supplement their lactating cow with additional feeds. More than 400 cattle herds from 2-3 villages graze together between 10 am to 4 pm daily. The majority of households (68.3%) in the mixed crop–livestock system kept their cattle separately in barn, while other 8.3% of the households did the same in pastoral areas. Constraints for dairy development in the area are diseased condition, thieves, lack of veterinary services, lack of credit, feed and feeding and poor extension services. It can be concluded dairy cattle production in the mixed crop-livestock system was economical and based on mixed agriculture (crops plus livestock) with some fishing activity, mining and wild food collection.
This paper aims to update information for a better understanding of the functioning of the sector of
animal and meat production in Benin’s socio-economic context. It highlights (i) structure of livestock population
and production, (ii) competitiveness of meat sector, (iii) identifies constraints and possible prospective solution to
increase meat production in Republic of Benin. The traditional animal production systems remain largely widespread.
However, industrial and modern livestock farming systems for all species are developing. Cattle (57%), chicken (19%),
small ruminants (13%) and pigs (7%) are the main meat producers in the country. Non-conventional species such as
rabbit (3%) and grass cutters (1%) contribute also to the national meat production. Despite religious prohibitions,
pork consumption increased during the last years notably in southern Benin. The households with a higher monthly
income spend more money to purchase meat than poor households. Taste, texture, price, and juiciness are the main
criteria of choice. Also, consumers prefer the meat of local breeds to that of exotic breeds. Thus local species and
breeds have a great role in the development of this sector. Although policies have been implemented to boost the
national meat production, the sector is still undeveloped. That is why, the implementation of new approaches and
practices including improvement of animals’ genetic resources, housing, health care, and feeding should be developed
to intensify production.
The poultry industry in India presents significant opportunities for growth. India has a large population with high economic growth that is driving increased demand for animal proteins. The poultry sector currently contributes substantially to GDP and employment. While India is already a top global producer of eggs and poultry meat, per capita consumption is still low compared to recommendations and presents room for expansion. Integrated production models and organized retail are helping to modernize the industry and meet rising demand. International players can capitalize on opportunities to help close consumption gaps and support continued growth in the large Indian market.
Indian Poultry Sector in Transition - Knowledge Day 2016Poultry India
The document discusses the Indian poultry sector, which is one of the fastest growing industries in India. It is the third largest egg producer and fifth largest chicken meat producer globally. The poultry sector employs over 6 million people and is mostly located in Southern India. The key raw materials for poultry feed include maize, rice bran, wheat bran, and oil meals. The poultry value chain includes backward linkages for inputs, the core poultry farming activity, and forward linkages for processing and value addition. The sector is transitioning to use more automation, rural development projects, improved farming concepts, and sustainable practices around land, water, energy and waste management. There are also opportunities to increase exports
The document summarizes information from a seminar on agricultural livelihoods in India. It discusses key concepts like livelihood assets and sources of livelihood. Some important points:
- Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood in rural India, providing employment and income from activities like crop cultivation, livestock, fisheries, and collection of forest products.
- Livelihood assets that rural households rely on include human capital like skills and education, natural capital like land and water, physical capital like infrastructure, social networks, and financial resources.
- Common livelihood strategies for rural households include crop cultivation, livestock rearing, agricultural labor, and supplemental income from government schemes or small businesses. The document provides several tables analyzing
Analysis of agricultural subsectors contribution growth rate in the agricultu...inventionjournals
In the current study, we have analyzed the contribution of agricultural sub-sectors growth rate to
the agriculture GDP growth rate of Pakistan by using secondary data from 2001 to 2015. Ordinary Least
Square (OLS) method was applied to estimate the model parameter. For this purpose the study considered a
dependent variable of agriculture GDP growth rate and several independents variables include major, minor
crops, livestock, fishery and forestry. The regression analysis of the data showed a positive and significant
contribution in agriculture GDP growth rate. However, fishery and forestry sub-sectors contribute growth rates
were considered poor as compared with other sub-sectors could be due to less attention paid from the
government. Our study suggests that Government of Pakistan should consider the importance of both
agricultural sub-sectors to increase there’s contribution growth rate towards agriculture GDP growth rate in
Pakistan.
The document summarizes trends in India's livestock sector. It notes that the livestock population has increased between 2000-2010 for cows/buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry. India is the largest milk producer in the world and its poultry sector is growing rapidly. The livestock sector provides income and employment for rural communities and is an important source of manure and fuel. It contributes significantly to India's economy and food security.
Role of poultry Industry in the socio-agro-economic development in BangladeshAminul Haque
Poultry sector has proved as an attractive economic activity, thereby, indicating its` importance for the entire economy.
The sector accounts for 14% of the total value of livestock output and is growing rapidly.
It is find out that poultry meat alone contributes 37% of the total meat production in Bangladesh.
Poultry contributes about 22-27% of the total animal protein supply in the country
This document provides guidance on analyzing projects by getting the big picture, defining the message, customer and what has been done or needs to be done. It also discusses project management techniques of defining, planning, executing and reviewing projects across various areas including web, communication, print, multimedia and IT.
Project management basics for students in Veterinary Extension EducationMiftahul Barbaruah
The document discusses project management basics and concepts taught in a class. It includes defining the differences between goals, purposes, and objectives. It also discusses the project cycle which involves identification, formulation, appraisal, approval, implementation, completion, evaluation and follow up. Tools for project design and analysis are presented, including the logical framework and PESTLE analysis. Students are assigned homework on finding examples of project documents and reports.
The document outlines various services offered by SARCO Consultants including systems assessments, risk advisory services, assurance services, special audits, ERP services, software development, IT infrastructure sizing, and IT vision development. It then provides brief bios of the principal consultants - Sunil Rao who has nearly 30 years of experience in systems design and deployment, Nirmal Kumar with 38 years of experience in leadership, management, banking, financial services, IT, and consulting across several countries, and partners Sneha Rungta and Sumit Rungta from S.A. Jindal & Associates with experience in corporate finance, tax, risk advisory, and fraud investigation services.
In the context of India, the first part of the presentation attempts at orienting veterinarian to a service delivery approach needed to augment livestock enterprise development. The second part addresses key veterinary professional development issues in India and suggests ways to address them.
Agriculture holds a prime importance in the socio-economic fabric of India. Agriculture and allied sectors have remained the backbone of the Indian economy and account for ~17% of the country's GDP. India, with a second largest agricultural land in the world (157 Mn hectares), is also ranked 2nd globally in terms of agricultural output (USD 382 Bn) behind China (USD 1,005 Bn). Agriculture in India employs more than 50% of India's working population. A split of major Agricultural produce in India (FY15) is provided in the graph below. Sugarcane and Fruits & vegetable contributed to 57% of the total volume of 1,080 Million tonnes
Production of Bovine Meat in Vietnam – Opportunities for Exporting Thai Lives...Ha Thu
With the increased demand for meat of bovine animals (beef and buffalo meat), Vietnamese producers need to be more strategic in their plans in order to be proficient to supply local
demand. They also need to compete with foreign imports. Quantity of bovine meat per capita in Vietnam increased yearly by level of consumption. The Vietnam livestock industry has many weaknesses from production to marketing.
Livestock marketing and supply chain management of livestock products ILRI
Presented by Steven J. Staal as a keynote address at the 74th Annual Conference of the Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, Maharashtra, India, 18-20 December 2014
Role of Poultry in alleviating the poverty and malnutrition in IndiaBalaraj BL
This document summarizes information from a seminar on major credit and poverty in India. It discusses poverty levels among social groups and occupations. It also provides statistics on malnutrition, agriculture contribution to GDP, land holding patterns, poultry production statistics, and the role of the poultry sector in nutrition, poverty reduction, and employment. Challenges for small scale poultry farmers are also outlined.
Livestock Production and Improvement in India: Problems and Opportunities in ...RUFORUM
This document discusses the livestock production and improvement scenario in India. It notes that India has the world's largest population of buffalo and is a major producer of milk, but that livestock productivity is low. It identifies opportunities to increase production through better animal health and disease control, addressing feed and fodder shortages, utilizing indigenous breeds, and adding value to milk. Overall, the document emphasizes the importance of the livestock sector for India's economic growth and development.
Bottlenecks in Export of Fresh Fruits & Vegetables from Northern Indian State...Rajeev Ranjan
A study report on "Bottlenecks in Export of Fresh Fruits &
Vegetables from Northern Indian States and
Measures to Overcome Them" by Rajeev Ranjan under supervision of Dr. Sudhanshu, DGM, APEDA.
Dairy Production System in Lowland Areas of Gambella, EthiopiaAI Publications
The objective of this study was to identify and assessing the different types of dairy cattle production systems, management practices, marketing and its constraints that exist in the Itang district. A total of 120 households were selected from four kebeles using simple random selection method after identifying the dairy owner from the community using purposive sampling method. Descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, chi-square and ranking were analysed using SPSS statistical package. The majority of producers (63.3%) in the pastoral system produced milk for home consumption, while the majority of mixed crop–livestock producers (40.0%) produced milk for selling purpose. In the mixed crop–livestock system, mostly cereal crop based grazing is the major feed resource but these feed resources were managed in a traditional ways. Almost all respondents in the mixed crop-livestock system (96.5%) and pastoral system (100%) did not supplement their lactating cow with additional feeds. More than 400 cattle herds from 2-3 villages graze together between 10 am to 4 pm daily. The majority of households (68.3%) in the mixed crop–livestock system kept their cattle separately in barn, while other 8.3% of the households did the same in pastoral areas. Constraints for dairy development in the area are diseased condition, thieves, lack of veterinary services, lack of credit, feed and feeding and poor extension services. It can be concluded dairy cattle production in the mixed crop-livestock system was economical and based on mixed agriculture (crops plus livestock) with some fishing activity, mining and wild food collection.
This paper aims to update information for a better understanding of the functioning of the sector of
animal and meat production in Benin’s socio-economic context. It highlights (i) structure of livestock population
and production, (ii) competitiveness of meat sector, (iii) identifies constraints and possible prospective solution to
increase meat production in Republic of Benin. The traditional animal production systems remain largely widespread.
However, industrial and modern livestock farming systems for all species are developing. Cattle (57%), chicken (19%),
small ruminants (13%) and pigs (7%) are the main meat producers in the country. Non-conventional species such as
rabbit (3%) and grass cutters (1%) contribute also to the national meat production. Despite religious prohibitions,
pork consumption increased during the last years notably in southern Benin. The households with a higher monthly
income spend more money to purchase meat than poor households. Taste, texture, price, and juiciness are the main
criteria of choice. Also, consumers prefer the meat of local breeds to that of exotic breeds. Thus local species and
breeds have a great role in the development of this sector. Although policies have been implemented to boost the
national meat production, the sector is still undeveloped. That is why, the implementation of new approaches and
practices including improvement of animals’ genetic resources, housing, health care, and feeding should be developed
to intensify production.
The poultry industry in India presents significant opportunities for growth. India has a large population with high economic growth that is driving increased demand for animal proteins. The poultry sector currently contributes substantially to GDP and employment. While India is already a top global producer of eggs and poultry meat, per capita consumption is still low compared to recommendations and presents room for expansion. Integrated production models and organized retail are helping to modernize the industry and meet rising demand. International players can capitalize on opportunities to help close consumption gaps and support continued growth in the large Indian market.
Indian Poultry Sector in Transition - Knowledge Day 2016Poultry India
The document discusses the Indian poultry sector, which is one of the fastest growing industries in India. It is the third largest egg producer and fifth largest chicken meat producer globally. The poultry sector employs over 6 million people and is mostly located in Southern India. The key raw materials for poultry feed include maize, rice bran, wheat bran, and oil meals. The poultry value chain includes backward linkages for inputs, the core poultry farming activity, and forward linkages for processing and value addition. The sector is transitioning to use more automation, rural development projects, improved farming concepts, and sustainable practices around land, water, energy and waste management. There are also opportunities to increase exports
The document summarizes information from a seminar on agricultural livelihoods in India. It discusses key concepts like livelihood assets and sources of livelihood. Some important points:
- Agriculture is the primary source of livelihood in rural India, providing employment and income from activities like crop cultivation, livestock, fisheries, and collection of forest products.
- Livelihood assets that rural households rely on include human capital like skills and education, natural capital like land and water, physical capital like infrastructure, social networks, and financial resources.
- Common livelihood strategies for rural households include crop cultivation, livestock rearing, agricultural labor, and supplemental income from government schemes or small businesses. The document provides several tables analyzing
Analysis of agricultural subsectors contribution growth rate in the agricultu...inventionjournals
In the current study, we have analyzed the contribution of agricultural sub-sectors growth rate to
the agriculture GDP growth rate of Pakistan by using secondary data from 2001 to 2015. Ordinary Least
Square (OLS) method was applied to estimate the model parameter. For this purpose the study considered a
dependent variable of agriculture GDP growth rate and several independents variables include major, minor
crops, livestock, fishery and forestry. The regression analysis of the data showed a positive and significant
contribution in agriculture GDP growth rate. However, fishery and forestry sub-sectors contribute growth rates
were considered poor as compared with other sub-sectors could be due to less attention paid from the
government. Our study suggests that Government of Pakistan should consider the importance of both
agricultural sub-sectors to increase there’s contribution growth rate towards agriculture GDP growth rate in
Pakistan.
The document summarizes trends in India's livestock sector. It notes that the livestock population has increased between 2000-2010 for cows/buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry. India is the largest milk producer in the world and its poultry sector is growing rapidly. The livestock sector provides income and employment for rural communities and is an important source of manure and fuel. It contributes significantly to India's economy and food security.
Role of poultry Industry in the socio-agro-economic development in BangladeshAminul Haque
Poultry sector has proved as an attractive economic activity, thereby, indicating its` importance for the entire economy.
The sector accounts for 14% of the total value of livestock output and is growing rapidly.
It is find out that poultry meat alone contributes 37% of the total meat production in Bangladesh.
Poultry contributes about 22-27% of the total animal protein supply in the country
This document provides guidance on analyzing projects by getting the big picture, defining the message, customer and what has been done or needs to be done. It also discusses project management techniques of defining, planning, executing and reviewing projects across various areas including web, communication, print, multimedia and IT.
Project management basics for students in Veterinary Extension EducationMiftahul Barbaruah
The document discusses project management basics and concepts taught in a class. It includes defining the differences between goals, purposes, and objectives. It also discusses the project cycle which involves identification, formulation, appraisal, approval, implementation, completion, evaluation and follow up. Tools for project design and analysis are presented, including the logical framework and PESTLE analysis. Students are assigned homework on finding examples of project documents and reports.
The document outlines various services offered by SARCO Consultants including systems assessments, risk advisory services, assurance services, special audits, ERP services, software development, IT infrastructure sizing, and IT vision development. It then provides brief bios of the principal consultants - Sunil Rao who has nearly 30 years of experience in systems design and deployment, Nirmal Kumar with 38 years of experience in leadership, management, banking, financial services, IT, and consulting across several countries, and partners Sneha Rungta and Sumit Rungta from S.A. Jindal & Associates with experience in corporate finance, tax, risk advisory, and fraud investigation services.
In the context of India, the first part of the presentation attempts at orienting veterinarian to a service delivery approach needed to augment livestock enterprise development. The second part addresses key veterinary professional development issues in India and suggests ways to address them.
The presentation introduces scientist representing various Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s ( KVKs ) in India to the concept of National Occupational Standards ( NOS ) and Qualification packs ( QP )
עורך דין יוסי כהן מארח את מיטב המומחים בשאלה משפטיתיוסי כהן
עורך דין יוסי כהן הוא הבעלים של משרד עורכי דין. דוקטור יוסי כהן פועל בתחומי המשפט המסחרי, דיני חברות וליטיגציה משנת 1986.
צרו קשר עם יוסי כהן:
רח' קלישר 17, בית גי - אה, תל אביב 65257
טל': 5168484 - 03 | פקס: 5166066 - 03
דוא"ל:cohhen2@zahav.net.il
Natraj Trekking is a leading trekking agency in Nepal that offers a 17-day Annapurna Sanctuary Trek. The trek highlights include visiting UNESCO World Heritage sites in Kathmandu, enjoying sunrise views of the Annapurna Himalayas from Poon Hill, and meeting ethnic communities along the trail. The trek begins with scenic flights from Kathmandu to Pokhara, and involves walking through villages and forests with views of Annapurna South and other peaks, before reaching Annapurna Base Camp at 4,130 meters. The return route passes through Ghorepani and offers views of Dhaulagiri from Poon Hill, before ending in Pok
Este documento presenta información sobre mantenimiento de computadoras personales y una introducción a redes. Explica los componentes internos clave de una PC como la tarjeta madre, microprocesador, memoria RAM y disco duro. También describe dispositivos como la tarjeta de video, de sonido y de red. Incluye pasos para el desarmado y armado de una PC, así como información sobre el BIOS y la instalación de sistemas operativos como Windows XP. Finalmente, ofrece una introducción a conceptos básicos de redes como estaciones de trabajo
The presentation outlines an endeavour supported by Agriculture Skill Council of India to develop National Occupational Standards ( NOS ) and Qualification Pack ( QP) for various category of veterinary para-professionals ( Para-vets ) in India.
Monique Styles is an intern at Centennial College's School of Business where she is building a database to track student retention rates. She is a marketing student currently in her third semester at Centennial College. Monique has experience working in teams, as shown through her global citizenship presentation on sustainability in China, and she is also an accomplished dancer, having competed throughout Canada and the US as well as being a certified dance instructor.
Mardi Himal Trekking is one of the alternative and unspoiled trekking routes of Annapurna Himalayan region. It is located east of the Modi Khola River, across the valley from Hiunchuli. Pristine mountain views, beautiful valleys, mixed local culture and landscape hills are the attraction of the trek. Mardi Himal Trekking moderate you an off the beaten track and take away from busy trails. The first attempt of Mardi Himal was made in 1961 route via East Flank and it is the only used so far. Previously Only camping or tented trekking will be possible to do in relevant areas. The trek is one of the bitten Eco-tourism based trekking destinations of Annapurna region in Nepal.
This document is an application for employment at Lincourt Manor Inc. It begins with a statement that the Human Rights Codes prohibit discrimination in hiring based on several personal characteristics.
The application requests personal information from the applicant such as name, address, availability, education history, work experience, references, and certification that the information provided is true. It notes that falsified information is grounds for dismissal.
If hired, additional personal information may be requested for benefit programs, national security compliance, or other legally permitted reasons. The application concludes by stating that hiring will be based solely on merit and that the applicant will be notified in case of an emergency.
A down-to-earth executive wants to reduce the time it takes for new graduates to become productive. They propose a simulator to allow fast and deep learning in a short period. The simulator would include:
- A two-week program with daily situations like emails, phone calls, meetings and field visits to teach about the company.
- Simulated emails from different roles to show the company's structure and assign tasks to develop skills.
- Interactions with fake coworkers and bosses to assign tasks and solve problems as they would in real life.
- Fake phone calls to solve problems or interact with clients as employees do.
- Evaluation and feedback at the end to assess learning and improve the onboarding process
Education International Unite for Quality Education Pretoria 2014wallyhsmith
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
Economic Analysis of Poultry Production in Tando Allahyar PAKISTANsanaullah noonari
This document summarizes an economic analysis of poultry production in Tando Allahyar District, Sindh, Pakistan. It finds that on average, total fixed costs were Rs. 111,500 per farm, total labor costs were Rs. 168,000, and marketing costs were Rs. 134,000. The average total cost of production was Rs. 679,756 per farm. Revenue from 7212 live birds and 12560 eggs was Rs. 1,096,500 on average. This led to an average net income of Rs. 326,744 and a cost-benefit ratio of 1:0.48, meaning farmers obtained Rs. 0.48 for every Rs. 1 invested. Poultry farming
Economic Analysis of Poultry Production in Sindh pakistansanaullah noonari
This document presents an economic analysis of poultry production in Tando Allahyar District, Sindh, Pakistan. It finds that the average total fixed cost per farm was Rs. 111,500, and average labor costs were Rs. 168,000 per farm. Marketing costs averaged Rs. 134,000 per farm. The average total cost of production was Rs. 679,756 per farm. Farms averaged annual production of 7,212 live birds and 12,560 eggs, with average annual revenue of Rs. 1,096,500 and net income of Rs. 326,744. The cost-benefit ratio was 1:0.48, meaning farmers obtained Rs. 0.48 in returns for each ru
Price spread analysis of cattle in hadiya pastoral areasAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the cattle marketing system and price spreads in the pastoral areas of Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. The study found that rural collectors made the largest profit per head of cattle sold at 542 Birr, followed by butchers at 506 Birr. Butchers incurred the highest costs per head of cattle purchased at 94 Birr. Producers received the largest share of the consumer price when selling directly to consumers or butchers. The study recommends vertically integrating the cattle marketing system and providing training, information and capital to pastoralists to improve their profits from cattle marketing.
11.price spread analysis of cattle in hadiya pastoral areasAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the cattle marketing system and price spreads in the pastoral areas of Hadiya zone, Ethiopia. Key findings include:
1. The marketing chain involves pastoralists, rural collectors, amateur traders, itinerant traders, brokers, and butchers. Rural collectors make the largest profit per head while butchers incur the highest costs.
2. Producers receive the largest share of the consumer price from direct sales to consumers or butchers. To improve producer gains, vertical integration is recommended along with training, information provision, and access to capital.
3. Analysis of marketing margins found that rural collectors profit the most per head, followed by butchers
Nigerian Feed and Poultry Industry challenges nias 2009Dr Babatunde Bello
This document summarizes a presentation given by Dr. Babatunde Bello on the challenges facing Nigeria's poultry industry and potential solutions. It begins with an overview of the historical development of Nigeria's feed and livestock industry since the 1960s. It then discusses current challenges like high production costs, low purchasing power, and an unreliable supply of raw materials. Potential solutions proposed include increasing agricultural production and subsidies to improve competitiveness and lower prices. Overall, the presentation aims to analyze trends in the poultry industry, identify challenges in the feed sector, and suggest ways to address these issues.
This document provides a profile for establishing a plant to produce 3,500 tons of poultry feed per year. Poultry feed is a balanced livestock feed used to feed domesticated birds like chickens. The principal raw materials needed are locally available except for vitamins. The total investment cost is estimated at 9.81 million Birr. The project is financially viable with an IRR of 32.11% and will create 29 jobs. It will stimulate the agricultural and livestock sectors through backward and forward linkages.
Abstract— The study examined the cost and return of local chicken marketing in Mubi north local government area of Adamawa state. Data were collected from 120 respondents with aid of structured questionnaire using purposive and random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, net income analysis, marketing efficiency (ME) were the analytical tools employed. The result revealed that local chicken marketing in the study area is mostly undertaken by the male gender (85%) who were in their active age between the age of 30-60 years. Majority of them had one form of formal education or the other and have marketing experience of more than five years. On the profitability of the enterprise a total variable cost ₦7887.00 was estimated using 2014 price of input and output. Cost of transportation accounting for 72.84%. The total revenue from the enterprise was estimated ₦13, 100 given the net income of ₦5213 an indication that the enterprise is profitable. A high marketing efficiency of 160% was computed an indication that the profit maximization motive of local chicken marketing is assured. It is recommended that the marketers should be motivated and encouraged with soft loans so as to expand their production.
Presented by Muhammad Farooq Tareen at the Workshop on transforming livelihoods in South Asia through sustainable livestock research and development, Kathmandu, Nepal, 13-14 November 2018
- The document discusses the agricultural crisis in Andhra Pradesh, India, where over 500 farmer suicides occurred in the last 12 months. 82% of farmers are in debt, on average owing Rs. 23,965 per family.
- Landholding sizes have decreased significantly over time, with marginal farmers (less than 1 hectare) now accounting for over 60% of holdings but only 20% of total area. Input costs, especially fertilizers and pesticides, account for over 1/3 of production costs for small farmers.
- Heavy reliance on external inputs, market failures, lack of support, land degradation, and indebtedness have created a vicious cycle of losses, poverty, unemployment, and ecological problems in
Presented at the Pulses for Sustainable Agriculture and Human Health” on 31 May-1 June 2016 at NASC, New Delhi, India. The conference was jointly organised by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), National Academy of Agricultural Sciences (NAAS), TCi of Cornell University (TCi-CU) and Agriculture Today.
Mycotoxins are an underestimated threat in our food and feed production. Little data is available on their economic impact, but what data are known illustrate a huge economic impact.
Performance analysis of poultry feed marketers in Delta State, NigeriaAI Publications
This study examined the performance of poultry feed marketers in the Delta State in order to increase investments by potential investors in the enterprise which is economically viable. Delta State has been chosen for the study due to its high concentration of marketers in poultry feed. A sample of 75 poultry feed marketers were randomly selected from the markets in the study area. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple regression techniques and cost and return analysis. The mean age of marketers was 45years. Majority (57%) were males. About 64% were literate with 12 years of marketing experience. The mean household size was 6 persons. The mean bags sold daily was 3.3. Marketers sell different types of poultry feeds. The most common marketing channel was producer-wholesale-retailer-consumer. The regression results showed that buying price of the poultry feed, cost of transportation, market charges and cost of shop was negatively and significantly associated with profit while selling price, marketing experience and quantity sold showed a positive relationship with profit. The enterprise proved profitable with significant gross margin and marketing efficiency level of N51,181.87 and 81.6% respectively. The major constraints to poultry feed marketing were inadequate credit facility, transportation, insufficient market information and price fluctuation. It is recommended that credit facilities should be provided to the feed marketers to ease purchase of inputs. To further reduce the cost of initial purchase, the government and other agencies should consider subsidizing poultry feed.
The document summarizes the impact of COVID-19 on the Indian economy. It discusses how various sectors like agriculture, industry, and services were affected. The agriculture sector was less impacted as kharif harvest and rabi sowing were not affected by lockdowns. However, poultry and dairy faced declines in demand and prices. The industry sector saw contractions in eight core industries like coal, crude oil, natural gas, refinery products and electricity. The overall Index of Industrial Production declined by 11.4%. The services sector, which contributes over 50% to India's GDP, was heavily impacted due to lockdowns.
This document provides background information on promoting startups in Indian agriculture. It discusses how agriculture is an important part of India's economy but is also a risky sector due to factors outside farmers' control. There is significant scope for agriculture startups to help modernize farming practices and make agriculture more profitable and sustainable. The document outlines the size and challenges of Indian agriculture and food markets. It also summarizes the types of startups emerging in areas like farm inputs/outputs, farming as a service, IoT/data solutions, and innovations in financing, supply chain, and agri-products. Statistics are presented on the number and funding of Indian agri-tech startups in recent years.
vulnerability of the livestock sector in changing climate conditionsIJEAB
In India, livestock sector plays an important role in socio-economic development of rural households. Over 70 percent of the country’s rural households own livestock and a majority of livestock owning households are small, marginal, and landless farmers. The reality of climate change and the fact that life in the poorest and vulnerable economies will be worst affected is set to have far-reaching consequence on the animal and its owners. At the same time, livestock have always shouldered a portion of the blame for rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, recent extensive scientific evidence and report by FAO and universities in the US has brought to light the fact that the large GHG emission figure of livestock emission was big data hype. The developed countries play clever by shifting blame for anthropogenic GHG emission away from the fossil fuel based power generation, transportation, industries and lifestyle of the global North to activities in developing countries such as paddy cultivation and animal husbandry.
- Worldwide consumption of poultry is increasing, with India emerging as the 2nd largest market growing at over 14% annually. However, per capita consumption in India remains well below recommended levels.
- The poultry industry in Jharkhand is growing at 20% annually but local production meets only a fraction of daily demand. A market study identified potential for expansion.
- A proposed commercial poultry farm in Hazaribagh, Jharkhand was estimated to generate a net profit within 6 years, through rearing broiler chickens in batches of 500 birds each week for meat production. Infrastructure, equipment, feed and operating costs were calculated.
- While demand exceeds supply locally, opportunities exist
The Integration of Livestock Production for Employment and Income GenerationRHIMRJ Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on the integration of livestock production for employment and income generation in India. It discusses how livestock production, especially the dairy sector, plays a significant role in rural livelihoods and the Indian economy. Some key points:
- Livestock provides supplementary income and employment for small/marginal landholding households.
- Milk production in India has grown significantly from 17 million tons in 1950 to 133.79 million tons in 2012-13, making India the largest milk producer globally.
- Cooperative dairies have played a large role in this growth, establishing a system for milk procurement and marketing that benefits small farmers.
- The total value of India's livestock sector output was
This document discusses a study that used a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the potential impacts of adopting hydroponics technology in Pakistan's fruit and vegetable sector and on global trade. The study adapted the GTAP global CGE model with separate sectors for fruits and vegetables among 15 aggregated sectors and 30 aggregated regions including Pakistan. Simulations were run to quantify the effects of increasing hydroponics production of fruits and vegetables in Pakistan and reducing import tariffs on chemicals used as inputs. The results showed overall positive impacts on Pakistan's real GDP, sectoral exports and imports, terms of trade, and domestic prices of fruits and vegetables, indicating that adopting hydroponics technology could benefit Pakistan's macroeconomic indicators and consumer welfare.
Similar to 2008 Bird flu ( HPAI ) outbreak impact in Assam ( India ) as assessed during June 2009 (20)
Data partnership for Livestock Sector development in IndiaMiftahul Barbaruah
India's first digital livestock census in 2019 generated quality public data on livestock including animal disease surveillance, sample surveys on production, and livestock movement and trade. Unique animal identification, geo-tagging of farms, and use of mobile and IoT devices are also generating large amounts of private livestock data. Private data on geo-tagged farms, trade volumes, and animal movement can help bridge gaps in public data for improved disease control and management. Public and private sectors should partner to collect veterinary workforce data.
Prepared for the participants of the 28th Biennial conference of All Assam Veterinary Field Assistant Association, the presentation highlights the need for the strategic alignment of skilling initiatives of veterinary paraprofessionals in public service. It also discusses few key areas of required behavioral change.
My presentation titled "Role of Veterinarian in AMR control" ( in the Indian context). The occasion was a webinar organized by the Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Government of Mizoram, India, coinciding with The World Antimicrobial Awareness Week (WAAW)-2020
Prepared for an interaction program with final year students of MBA and M.Com courses of Tezpur University, the presentation covered some basic aspects of strategic management along with presenters' personal experience as a consultant of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Government of Assam.
Prepared for a review meeting on sectoral development, the presentation introduces senior officials of State Innovation and Transformation Aayog (SITA) – a policy think-tank of Government of Assam, to a proposed 7-point approach to augment livestock production in Assam, India.
Presentation titled “Proposed Vision, Mission, guiding principles and models of Veterinary Service Delivery” introduces audiences to the output and likely way forward of road-map development initiative of Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Government of Assam, initiated as per annual plan of 2016-17. It highlights the proposed vision, mission of the department and elaborates on identified key issues in service delivery. As a solution the presentation discusses on 5 ‘A’ and 7 ‘I’ guiding principles and highlight the models of veterinary service delivery as proposed in the draft road-map report.
The presentation was delivered during National Livestock Mission (NLM)-Assam organized conference of government livestock farm managers held on 3rd Aug 2018 at Guwahati, Assam. The presentation introduces audiences about the roadmap development initiative of A. H and Veterinary Department, GoA and highlights the recommendation of a draft roadmap document of A. H and Veterinary Department, Government of Assam in the context of rejuvenation of government livestock / poultry farms and training related institutions.
Prepared in Indian context, the presentation attempts to highlight the expectation from World Zoonoses Day Celebration. It was delivered during an awareness program organized on 6th July 2018 under the aegis of All Assam Veterinary Field Assistant Association, Barpeta Branch, Assam, India.
Prepared for members of Internal Quality Assurance Cell of Gauhati University, Assam, India, the presentation suggests ways for translating the mandate of the University to actual results.
Prepared for participants of PRSI ( Public Relation Society of India ) seminar, the presentation primarily aims at highlighting the role PR professionals in private companies in the context of ongoing skilling efforts in India lead by NSDC, India and sector skill councils ( SSCs)
The presentation uses a 6 ‘I’ framework to discuss on imperative for entrepreneurial growth in meat processing sector with special reference to North East India.
The short presentation explains the need and stages of innovative entrepreneurship, linking it to a famous Buddhist sloka. It then describes a 7 ‘I’ framework for industry associations to facilitate entrepreneurship.
The document discusses the potential role of the Agriculture Skill Council of India (ASCI) in developing agriculture skills in Meghalaya. It outlines how the Indian agriculture sector is changing to become more market-oriented, technology-driven, and focused on quality and resource management. It also describes the emerging skill areas needed for farmers, including technology adoption, financial management, and value addition. The document then provides details on ASCI, including its sponsors from industry and government, focus skill segments, partnerships, and qualifications developed. It concludes by offering several ways ASCI could support skill development initiatives in Meghalaya, such as promoting courses, assessments, and establishing a local office.
Success story of RKVY program in Arunachal Pradesh and AssamMiftahul Barbaruah
Extracted from a coffee table book published by Ministry of Agriculture, GOI the document contains three select success stories of National Agricultural Development Program ( Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana -RKVY ) in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. I have prepared these stories for the ministry based on my learning during field visit ( during 2011-12 ) to these states as Consultant ( Implementation Monitoring -RKVY ) of MoA, GOI
Livestock Value Chain Study in India for Control of TADsMiftahul Barbaruah
Prepared for study validation meeting, the presentation covers in-brief the findings of FAO supported livestock value chain study in India for control of Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs). Detail report can be downloaded from: http://www.vethelplineindia.co.in/livestock-market-systems-study-for-control-of-transboundary-animal-diseases-in-india/
Response to diseases: Sensitizing scientists in India for bridging leadership. Miftahul Barbaruah
The presentation attempts to sensitize young scientists engaged with research in broader areas of disease biology and therapeutics to go beyond knowledge creation in their respective sub-domain. It urges scientists to reflect on 'bigger picture' for ownership of larger problem. This should help them to thrive for co-ownership of such problems involving related stakeholders across various disciplines in order to facilitate technological innovation. It also urges scientists to engage in 'co-creation' of responsive programme and services by ensuring institutional arrangement at various levels of value chain and empowerment of people so that they can access and use the technological solution thus developed.
See full paper at : http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/2.1.2696.3524
This presentation on innovation and innovation systems was originally created by Peter Bezkorowajnyj and Dannie Romney for the Fodder Innovation Project at ILRI in 2006. The author's colleague, Dr. Monjul Islam, helped translate the presentation into Assamese. The author first presented it during a 2007 seminar on entrepreneurship development in the fishery sector in Assam, India and continues to share it during visits to institutions in Assam. The original English presentation can be found online.
The presentation shares the experience in developing dairy sector related policy for the state of Assam (India). It’s a short presentation tailored to the audience (Research scholars in social science) and the occasion (A national seminar focusing on Management of Rural Development in India’s North East, organized by Department of Business Administration, Tezpur University )
The presentation was prepared targeting progressive small scale commercial poultry ( Broiler Chicken ) farmers in India. It attempts at orienting them to importance of market oriented production.
2008 Bird flu ( HPAI ) outbreak impact in Assam ( India ) as assessed during June 2009
1. Post 2008 Bird flu (HPAI) outbreak
scenario in Assam ( North East India ):
Dr.M.Islam Barbaruah and Dr.Monjul Islam
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
2. Assam with an area of 78,438 sq km is a gateway state of a
strategically important region of India, that shares 98 percent
of its regional borders with international neighbors such a
China, Myanmar, Bhutan and Bangladesh : Issues – Physical
Connectivity, Dependence for trade route, Psychological distance, Feeling of
deprivation, Illegal migration, Conflicts & Terrorism.
USD 527
USD 361
Poverty rate 36.09% against India’s 26%.
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
3. The population of the state (2003) is 26.6 million. There are
3.7 million cultivators and 1.2 million agricultural laborers.
Agriculture and allied sectors that employs 69 pc of total
workforce, productivity is amongst the lowest within India.
Being a state with limited benefits of green revolution
technologies and climatic uncertainties e.g. flood / erosion etc.
livestock / poultry has potential to contribute to onfarm
diversification and intensification.
Livestock products are integral part of local diet as more than
95 percent of the population are non-vegetarian.
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
4. 0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Rice
Wheat
Pulses
Food Grain
Oil Seeds
Fruits
Vegetables
Spices
India
Assam
Performances
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
Human Population
Growth Trend
Milk Production
Growth trend
0
50
100
150
200
250
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
Human Population
Growth Trend
Meat Production
Growth Trend
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
Human Population
Growth Trend
Egg Production Growth
Trend
Per capita milk 69 gm against recommended 208 gm
Per capita egg 17 number against recommended 180 Per capita meat 930 gm against recommended 10.8 kg
Agricultural Productivity
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
5. The distribution of local birds per square km ( as calculated for
North Eastern Region of India) is 71
Total indigenous poultry population (2003 ) of Assam is 21.66m.
This is around 4 percent of indigenous poultry population in
India and 55 percent of Northeast region.
Total chicken meat production from indigenous poultry is 21%
of the total meat production in Assam.
The government is popularizing improved breed of dual purpose
chicken and duck in the state.
The Backyard Poultry sector – At a glance
Assam is the 2nd leading duck state in India with a population of
5 million ducks.
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
6. Improved Poultry and Women Self Help Groups
Picture courtesy: Dr.Dishanta Dutta
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
7. Input market Chicken raising Out put market
HE
Hatcheries
DOC
Poultry feed
Medicines
&feed
supplement
Equipments
and
appliances
Marketintermediaries
Individual farmer
- self capital
Farmer – growing
with small traders
Marketintermediaries
Retail
wet market
Hotels and
specialized
food joints
Consumers
Farmer – under
contract farming
with large companies
14% Market share as
on June’2009
Structure of Commercial Poultry Sector in Assam
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
8. It is estimated that about 0.08 -1 m families are directly or
indirectly engaged with commercial broiler chicken sector of
Assam. In 60% of cases farm size managed by these families
is less then 1000.
Commercial Broiler chicken input market (June ‘09 )
Different
inputs
Volume Rate (Rs) Total amount
(Million Rs.)
Percent
Market share
Hatching
eggs (Lac no)
25.5 14 35.7 13.5
DOC (Lac
no)
31.4 22 69.08 26
Feed (ton) 8478.0 17000 144.126 54.5
Medicine
and feed
supplement
5 X 31.4 15.70 6
Total 264.60~5.8 m USD 100
The Commercial sector
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
10.
Particulars
( Cost as on June’09)
Farm size ( Number of birds )
200 500 1000
Total chick placed (no) 200 500 1000
Mortality (@5%) 10 25 50
Live / Ready birds (no) 190 475 950
Avg. Body wt (Kg)
(FCR= 2:1)@1.75 kg per bird
332.5 333 831.25 831 1662.5 1663
Total cost of rearing 21300 48750 94500
Cost of production /Kg in Rs (
USD )
64.0
( 1.42 )
58.66
( 1.30 )
56.83
( 1.26 )
Av.Market Price per Kg (
Whole Sale as on June’09 )
Rs. 77 ( USD 1.7 )
Cost of Commercial Broiler meat Production in
Small holder farms vis a vis Price
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
11. It was the fifth incidence in India and third within the North-
eastern region. The outbreak covered 10 districts within a span of
27 days. Total of 5, 12,221birds were estimated to be susceptible
out of which 2,697 died and 5, 09,524 birds were culled.
The HPAI outbreak of 2008
15 out of 18
epicenters,
outbreak is
reported in
backyard
poultry.
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
12. Average time required for suspect to confirmation is 4.6
days. The longest time required for Confirmation to start of
operation in one case is 36 days. Total down time /
confusion period =6 months+ ( Nov-July’09, formal )
The Response
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
13. Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI:
FAO, Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
September
November
Peak time
January
Investment t
Bird flu out
break
June
No sale
No
feed
Distress sale / Body wt
loss
Cash eat up
Increase in demand
No cash/ credit to
restart
Revival period
(?)
Down
time
The sequence of events
July
Official lifting of all
sanctions
14. The Impact ( Quantitative )
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
The government of Assam incurred expense of about Rs.50
million in conducting HPAI control operation during 2008
outbreak. Out of this amount 34% went to compensation and
66% went to logistics. (Cumulative number of RRT deployed
in the operation was 3,184, Expense excludes cost of
surveillance, diagnosis and law and order control etc.)
Total of 5, 12,221birds were estimated to be susceptible out of
which 2,697 died and 5, 09,524 birds were culled. Percent of
birds culled in commercial sector is 78%. Similarly, destruction
of feed, hatching egg etc. affected mostly commercial sector.
Total market value of poultry and poultry products destroyed
during the operation is approximately rupees 28 million.
15. The Impact ( Quantitative, Contd. )
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
Total compensation paid was rupees 17 million. This is 60.67
percent of estimated market value of destroyed items. Farmers
who have not cooperated in the culling operation ( where
forces are being used to search and destroy) are excluded from
getting compensation.
Due to complete ban on transport of poultry and poultry related
products in the state, farmers of even non-infected zone
incurred losses. In some cases market ban was imposed in non
infected zone. Being rapid in nature, the study could not
quantify this impact.
There is huge foregone Income across value chain during the
down time. The outbreak occurred amidst peak season –Sept –
March. The loss for farmers alone can be quantified as more
than 200 million rupees. ( taking 6 month as down time ).
16. Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
Particulars
Average Market rate Oct- Nov’08
Volume Rate (Rs) Total amount
(Million Rs.)
Market share
(%)
Hatching eggs
(Million no)
3.5 10 35 7.5
Doc ( Million
no)
3.14 17 53.38 11.5
Feed (ton) 8478.0 17 Per Kg 144.13 31
Ready bird
(Kg)
4455.0 53 Per Kg 236.12 50
Total 468.62 100
Calculation of down time losses for farmers
Cost of production, post bird flu is assumed at Rs. 45 per kg.
Value of the ready bird at farm gate level = 4455 ton x Rs. 45000 = Rs. 200.48
million
Value of ready bird after one month of rearing at whole sale rate: Rs. 236.12 million
Income in a month : (Rs. 236.12 – 200.48)= Rs. 35.6 million
17. Other losses ( Not quantified )
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
Cost for keeping birds for extended period
Distress selling
Cost on employee and infrastructure maintenance
Cost of visiting offices / demonstration
Increased cost of borrowing ( Money lenders
increased the rate of interest, banks refused in absence
of government formal order )
18. Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
Down time losses of Input sector ( A glimpse)
Keggs farm, UD Hatchery and Assam poultry ( all known
players ) had to destroy 15000, 8400, 10000 hatching eggs
respectively.
The Golaghat Poultry Project of Assam Livestock and
Poultry Corporation (ALPCO) rearing improved deshi bird
also incurred loss as a consequence of the bird flu outbreak
though it remained in non-infected zone. Forced culling of
4000 DOC was done, 16000 hatching eggs were
destroyed, 1900 parent stock died due to lack of feed.
19. Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
Species of bird /
input
Number
culled
Compensation
rate ( Rs. per
unit )
Total
( Rs.)
Calculated
Market
rate ( Rs
per unit )
Total
( Rupees )
Adult backyard 48409 50 2420450 96 4647264
Backyard chick 64563 20 1291260 20 1291260
Adult commercial 202123 40 8084920 79.5 16068778.5
Commercial chicks 167115 20 3342300 20 3342300
Adult ducks / geese 25328 75 1899600 110 2786080
Ducklings 1956 35 68460 35 68460
Eggs 163166 2 326332 3 489498
Feeds (Kg) 12795 6 76770 17 217515
Total 17510092 28911155.50
Culling Vs Compensation
Assumptions:
Body weight: Adult backyard bird @ 1.2 Kg /bird; Adult commercial bird @1.5kg /bird
Market rate (whole sale rate): Adult backyard bird@ Rs. 80/Kg; Adult commercial bird
@Rs. 53/Kg, ducks / geese Rs.110 per unit.
20. Impact ( Qualitative : Farm Level )
Loss of confidence on government’s capability to handle crisis.
Strained relationship between farmers and vets participating in
culling operations.
Feeling of being deceived ( Relating to false promises being
made by local administration )
Feeling of insecurity ( not being able to restock after culling and
/ or manage quality protein for family )
Feeling of being excluded ( Inadequate consultation, Arbitrary
fixing of compensation e.g. Nearly same compensation for table
and hatching egg )
Mental trauma ( e.g. culling in-front of Children, Vets / farmer
who reported incident of deaths are being humiliated by other
farmers )
Loss of livelihood and insurance support for large number of
rural poor thriving on backyard poultry.
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
21. Impact ( Qualitative : Government Level )
Unexpected expense charged on existing central sector schemes
e.g. Assistance to States for Control of Animal Disease
(ASCAD) resulted in to non completion of important planned
activities under that schemes.
Increase allocation for future preparedness, awareness and
communication.
‘Work Avoidance syndrome’ when it comes to promotion of
schemes meant for augmenting poultry link income /
employment.
Increase realization of private sector role.
Realization of skill and man power gap in handling
emergencies.
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
22. Particulars Approx. Quantity
Before Outbreak 6 months
after
Hatching Eggs ( Million numbers) 3.4 -3.6 2.5. -2.6
DOC
( Million numbers)
In Assam 2.72- 2.88 2.0 -2.08
Import 0.33- 0.35 0.25 –
0.275
Total 3.05 – 3.23 2.25 – 2.36
Feed (in tons) 8235. 0 -8721. 0 6075. 0 -
6353. 0
Ready birds
(in tons)
In Assam 3672. 0 – 3888. 0 3037.5 –
3179.25
Import 600. 0- 750. 0 1050. 0-
1200. 0
Total 4272. 0 – 4638. 0 4087.5 –
4379. 2
The Market: Pre and Post outbreak
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
23. Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
Particulars As per average market of October – November’08
and June ‘09 (whole sale rate)
Rate before
outbreak
Rate after outbreak Percent increase
Hatching eggs 10 12.75 27.5
Doc 17 24 41.18
Feed 17 18 6.0
Ready bird 53 77 45.0
The Inflation: Pre and Post outbreak
**The study could not record any decrease in demand of broiler Chicken
24. Major Observed Trend ( Post 2008 HPAI outbreak )
Emergence of Integration operation by established
companies. ( Trader control market to Integrator control
market )
Predominantly credit to cash transactions at all levels.
Decrease import of inputs e.g. Feed, Hatching egg etc.
Increase inter state import of ready-bird.
Price increase of finished products e.g. Chicken, Table
Egg
Current growth trend is mostly in 500-1000 bird category.
Farms above 1000 birds are showing a decrease scale of
operation.
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
25. Suggestions:
Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
Strengthening of diagnostic infrastructure within the state. E.g.
BSL-4 level diagnostic facilities
Strengthening of inter agency cooperation, capacity building
and communication programs.
Careful handing of future containment operations involving
stakeholders and taking care of losses due to long down time.
Alternative arrangement for non-infected zones.
Development of dynamic database of poultry sector of Assam (
Compulsory registration of farms through Industry / farmer
associations )
Support to development of tailor made business continuity kit
for use of value chain players.
26. Regional Risk Assessment of HPAI: FAO,
Bangkok 28-29 April,2010
This presentation is based on research supported by:
North Eastern Development and Finance Corporation Ltd.,
Guwahati, Assam ( India )
Contact: barbaruah73@yahoo.co.in