Three-S Network Series kembali hadir dengan mengangkat tema “People, Technology, and Society”, sebagai wadah untuk berbagi, berdiskusi, berjejaring dan berkolaborasi. Melalui ‘People, Technology, and Society Series” ini kita akan belajar keterampilan untuk memahami mengenai manusia dan interaksinya dengan teknologi serta lingkungan agar dapat menggunakan pengetahuan tersebut untuk merancang produk, program, aktivitas dalam mencapai target yang ditetapkan.

1. Human Factors
& System
By: Dessy Aliandrina
What did I learn from Socio-
Technical System

2. Disclaimer:
All images and figures presented subject to copyright and used only for
educational purposes
Prepared by @aliandrinade 2

3. How did we react to an event?
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• The accident occurred in 13 April,
2013
• The aircraft crashed into the sea
on approach
• The flight scheduled to land in
Ngurah Rai airport from Hussein
Sastranegara airport
• No fatalities, 46 injuries of 108
occupants

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(Source: Shutter stock)
We tend to seek for ‘something or someone’ to answer our thirst of curiosity about the event
Which is, many times, without proper knowledge about the event (e.g., sequences, context)

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Then, we construct our conclusion that might be faraway from the event without
conscious we have created other consequences (e.g., other victims)

6. Situation A Situation B
PROCESS
(Adapted from Jay Doblin in the 1987 Society of Typographic Arts Design Journal)
So, on designing a system
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(Source: Vector Stock)
What will you do?
Ptolemaic Worldview (the
sun goes around the Earth)
Only the competent can
enter the system, so the
system should be
protected from unreliable
people
Copernican Worldview (the
Earth goes around the sun)
People at all levels in the
system should learn and
adapt continuously to
improve system performance
together
We do need to understand, at least, there are two scenarios
1
2

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Scenario 1 Scenario 2
Which one is more prone to err? And why?
(Source: Vector Stock)
We learn from the outcomeWe neglect the outcome

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Performance Levels
Source: Coined by Jens Rasmussen (1983)
and became the base model of Reason’s
error classifications
Though, there is no universal agreement about errors, here, I want to share one of perspectives about errors that
widely used either for individuals, organizations or even society.
Skill-based performance reflects
individual routine tasks or
familiar activity and can
become unconscious behavior.
In skilled-based performance,
possible reasons for any failure
or mistake tend to be failures of
attention or lapses of memory.
Rule-based performance
presents a mix of
consciousness and
unconsciousness behavior.
Performances can be correct
or in error if he meets with
good rules, bad rules or
even no rules.
Knowledge-based performance –
that is, conscious behavior– and
generally results from a shortage
or limitation of knowledge of how
to react in unfamiliar situations.
1. Skill-based performance 2. Rule-based performance 3. Knowledge-based performance

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Undeniable, to err is human because error or fallibility is a part of us. However,
we need to view errors are not, all the time, naturally bad.

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Instead of looking for ‘who’ and ‘what’ after an event, we need to look for ‘why’ and ‘how’
(Source: Vector Stock)

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Questions?
(Source: Vector Stock)