Three-S Network Series kembali hadir dengan mengangkat tema “People, Technology, and Society”, sebagai wadah untuk berbagi, berdiskusi, berjejaring dan berkolaborasi. Melalui ‘People, Technology, and Society Series” ini kita akan belajar keterampilan untuk memahami mengenai manusia dan interaksinya dengan teknologi serta lingkungan agar dapat menggunakan pengetahuan tersebut untuk merancang produk, program, aktivitas dalam mencapai target yang ditetapkan.

1. People,
Technology, &
Society
By: Dessy Aliandrina
What did I learn from Socio-
Technical System

2. Disclaimer:
All images and figures presented subject to copyright and used only for
educational purposes
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3. My story was started
from learning about
Kaprun Tunnel Disaster
• Occurred on 11 November 2000 in Salzburg, Austria
• Kaprun tunnel disaster caused 150 fatalities of 162
passengers of 8 countries and 16 accused were charged
• Fire & very thick toxic smoke, barrier to escape the tunnel,
very bad safety system and fireproof emergency refuge
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(Source: Google Image)

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"The fire trigger was a design, production and
material defect in the fan heater housing and
no dirt residues or oil leaks"
Fan heater installed in
the train
Purchased simple device
for private household, as
the requested device was
unavailable
Managing directors stated
to purchase ‘officially
approved’ device
Unsafe supervision
Unsafe Acts
(Just an illustration of an explanation developed by
applying James Reason ‘Swiss Cheese Accident
Causation’ Model)
Unsafe supervision
No design
error, but fan
heater

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“Many times, we do not know the unintended
consequences of our decision, until bad circumstance
happened.”

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Knowledge-based
Enforcement-basedRule-based
Human being
Performance
- Perception
- Culture
What will happen?

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Unintended action
Errors defined as,
“Something [that] has
been done which was
intended by actor, not
desired by a set or
rules or external
observer, or that led
the task or system
outside its acceptable
limits”.
(Senders & Moray, 1991)
Physical Device
Physical Ergonomics
Individual Behavior
Team & Group Behavior
Organization &
Management Behavior
Legal & Regulatory Rules
Societal & Cultural Pressures
(Adapted from Moray’s model of error, 2000)

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(Source: vector stock)
Did you experience any of these situations?

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(source: stocklib)
When we are facing this situation, what is our normal reaction?

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11. (source: Vectorstock.com)People in queue
“When doing wrong feels so right”
The normalization of deviance occurs when actors in an organizational
setting, such as a corporation or a government agency, come to define
their deviant acts as normal and acceptable because they fit with and
conform to the cultural norms of the organization within which they
work – (SAGE Knowledge, 2010)
The Normalization of Deviance
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That’s why we cannot merely design ‘something’ without
considering the probable outcomes, both desired and
unwanted.

13. Situation A Situation B
PROCESS
(Adapted from Jay Doblin in the 1987 Society of Typographic Arts Design Journal)
A Simple Form of design
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LEVEL
1
LEVEL
2
LEVEL
3
A new way that is possibly to change one’s perspective of reality,
have impact to one’s life, society and environment
Degree of appropriateness, useful, valuable, and meaningful within a context
Inside/Outside the box – Domestic, 3Rs (Rethink, Reinvent, Recreate) Value Creation
Relevance
Effectiveness
So, designers need to be able predict the largest impacts of their design,

15. 15
Dessy Aliandrina, Ph.D.
Email: dessy@sociopreneur.id
Web: www.sociopreneur.id
https://www.linkedin.com/in/adrd/
aliandrinade
esaydi01
dessy aliandrina
Interests:
Social Entrepreneurship, Human-centered Design, Human Factors, Social Innovation, Entrepreneurship
Education
Let’s get in touch!
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