The “Demand” for a commodity, at a given price, is the quantity of it which will be bought per unit of time at that price.
In economics, demand refers to the buying behavior of a household. When desire is backed by willingness and ability to pay for a good or service then it becomes Demand for the good or service.
The “Demand” for a commodity, at a given price, is the quantity of it which will be bought per unit of time at that price.
In economics, demand refers to the buying behavior of a household. When desire is backed by willingness and ability to pay for a good or service then it becomes Demand for the good or service.
Short notes on demand and supply for the students studies economics as a out-course or in-course.
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CA NOTES ON THEORY OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN BUSINESS ECONOMICS
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Supply and Demand GuideTo solve the homework problems do the f.docxcalvins9
Supply and Demand Guide
To solve the homework problems do the following:
1. Identify the determinant change
2. Shift the appropriate curve in the correct direction
3. Change price appropriately
4. Move along the other curve (the one that did not shift) in response to the price change.
The following information will tell you the determinants and how the change, as well as definitions of the key terms.
Demand
Demand: The amount that consumers are willing and able to purchase at various prices.
Law of Demand: Price and Quantity Demanded vary inversely.
Quantity Demanded: The amount that consumers are willing and able to buy at a particular price.
Change in Quantity Demanded: Changes in price change the quantity demanded. This is a Movement Along a Demand Curve in Response to a Price Change.
Change in Demand: This is a shift in the position of the demand curve, either upward or downward. If the curve shifts upward, consumers are saying they will pay more for all quantities of the good or service. If it shifts downward, consumers are saying they will pay less for all quantities of the good or service.
Determinants of Demand: The Demand Curve will shift only when one (or more) of the Determinants of Demand changes. These determinants are:
1. Size of Market: the number of consumers in the market for the good or service. If this factor increases, the curve shifts upward (increase in demand). If this decreases, the curve shifts downward (decrease in demand).
2. Consumer Tastes and Preferences: if these shift in favor of a product, the demand curve shifts upward (demand increases); if these shift against a product, the demand curve shifts downward (demand decreases).
3. Consumer Income: as the income of consumers increase, consumers purchase more of all normal goods (assume all the goods in the homework are normal goods), this shifts the demand curve upward (demand increases); if income decreases, then consumers buy less of all normal goods, this shifts the demand curve downward (demand decreases).
4. Prices of Related Goods:
a. Complimentary Goods: These are goods that are used to together like peanut butter and jelly. If the price of peanut butter goes up, the Quantity Demanded of peanut butter will decrease (a movement along a demand curve in response to a price change). However, the Demand for jelly will decline (decrease in demand) as fewer people buy it to go with the peanut butter, since they are buying less peanut butter.
b. Substitute Goods: These are goods that are used in place of each other. If the price of Coke Cola goes up, the Quantity Demanded of Coke does down (a movement along the demand curve). But the Demand for Pepsi – the substitute good – goes up as people substitute the lower priced Pepsi for the higher priced Coke (the Pepsi demand curve shifts upward).
5. Expectations about the Future: If people have a positive view of the future they will consumer more and save less. This shifts th.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
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Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
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Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
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Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
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#pinetwork
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
1. Demand
Demand: The desire for any commodity backed by need,
ability and willingness to spend is considered as demand in
economics; i) Need ii) Ability to pay iii) Willingness to spend
Demand Concepts:
i) Negative demand: people fears with the demand
ii) No demand: people don’t know about the product
iii) Latent demand: expect more from existing product
iv) Decline demand: demand is gradually decreasing
v) Irregular demand: demand is fluctuating
vi) Full demand: demand and supply is optimum
vii) Overfull demand: demand is grater then supply
viii) Unwholesome: demand is harmful for the society
ix) Joint demand: when demand is dependent
x) Composite demand: for building; iron, cement, breaks
2. Demand Concepts
xi) Derived demand: demand for business goods derive
from consumers goods.
xii) Autonomous demand: independent or individual
Law of Demand:
Express the financial relationship between price and
quantity. If the price of a commodity falls, the quantity
demanded of it will rise (other things remaining the same).
Demand Schedules and Curve:
The law of demand can be illustrated by carve or schedule.
i) Schedule is table; carve is graphic presentation
ii) Schedule is first; from schedule prepare a curve
iii) Schedule is row & column based; upward to downward
iv) Schedule indicates1, 2, 3, ; curve indicate p, q, r
v) Schedule is singular form; curve is different types
4. Why Does Demand Curve Slop Downward
i) Law of diminishing marginal utility: law of DMU is
applicable in demand theory.
ii) Income effect: income fixed but price high, decrease
demand and income high and saving tendency
iii) Substitution effect: high price of tea, increase the
demand of coffee.
iv) Change of using pattern: changes of test, habit, dress;
if the price low consumer purchase more.
v) Number of customer: increase the customer of existing
product, if the price low customer purchase more.
Limitations of Law of Demand
i) Other things remaining constant: it is not impossible
ii) Change of expectation: influence demand
iii) Giften goods: low price good, high price high demand
iv) Prestigious product: high price high demand
5. Limitations of Law of Demand
v) Shortage of product: if possibility of out of market
vi) Emergency product: for medicine or food
vii) Lack of knowledge: high price means quality product
viii) Environment: forced demand negatively
ix) Inferior goods: people reject existing for high income
Shift of Demand Curve:
Price changes factor;
i) Extension: price reduce and demand increase
ii) Contraction: price increase and demand reduce
Price constant factor;
i) Increase: price constant but demand increase
ii) Decrease: price constant but demand decrease
7. What if the Demand Curve Shifts
What happens to the equilibrium price of product when
its demand curve changes?
a) Effect of a shift to the left of the demand curve:
when reduce production, and decrease the demand of
the product then the demand curve shift to the left. As
shown in the Figure-3, one would expect that the
leftward shift to the demand curve would have resulted in
a decrease in the price from p to p1. The supply
situation is fixed and demand shift leftward.
a) Effect of a shift to the right of the demand curve:
when increase production, and increases the demand of
the product then the demand curve shift to the right. As
shown in the Figure-4, one would expect that the
rightward shift to the demand curve would have resulted
in a increase in the price from p to p2. The supply
situation is fixed and demand shift rightward.
8. Y
0 X X
Di
Di
D
D
Q1 Q
P1
P
S
S S
S
Y
0
P2
P
Q2Q
Di
Di
D
D
OY=price OX= quantity DD=existing demand curve
DiDi= shifting demand curve SS=fifed supply curve
Leftward shift resulted in decrease in price from P to P1
Rightward shift, resulted in increase price from P to P2
Shift to the left Shift to the right
9. Determinants or Causes of Changes of Demand
a) Change in real income: increase or decrease demand
b) Climate or weather change: change of season
c) Change in population: cross culture, new home, dress
d) Changes in money supply: inflation and deflation
e) Change in the price: price demand relation
f) Change saving: large saving and low consumption
g) Condition of trade: favorable or unfavorable trade
h) Change price of related goods: joint demand, supply
i) Habit of customer: influence demand
j) Distribution: proper distribution increase demand
k) Stock situation: product crisis increase demand
l) Future prospects: people purchase more
m) Marketing program: high promotion increase demand
n) Govt factors: govt. rules and role influence demand
10. Demand Function:
Demand Function is the relationship between demand and
their influencing factors.
Qdx = f (Px, I, T, py ------).
Qdx = demand for x product; Px = price of x product;
I = income of the customer T = test of the
customer
Individual demand: demand of the individual people for a
particular product. Demand for x product of a, b, c is 5,6,7
Market demand: demand of the total people for a particular
product. Market demand for x product is (da + db + dc).
i) Price demand function: price demand relationship
ii) Income demand function: income demand relationship
iii) Cross demand function: related product demand
11. Price Demand
5 2
3 4
2 5
Price Demand
for X
Demand
for Y
Market
demand
5 3 2 3+2=5
3 4 3 4+3=7
2 5 1 5+1=6
Individual Demand Schedule
Market Demand Schedule