The document discusses the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, which classifies businesses into four categories - Stars, Cash Cows, Question Marks, and Dogs - based on their relative market share and market growth rate. Stars have high market share and growth, while Cash Cows have high share but low growth. Question Marks have high growth but low share, and Dogs have low share and growth. The matrix is used to assess products/businesses and allocate resources most effectively to maximize future growth and profits. While simple, it only considers two dimensions and data issues limit its application.