Formal communication within an organization flows through official channels as defined in the organizational chart. It can be vertical between superiors and subordinates, horizontal between peers, and can be oral or written. Vertical communication is upward from subordinates to superiors, like submitting progress reports, or downward from superiors to subordinates, like passing guidelines. Horizontal communication is between different divisions, like discussing product delivery schedules. The patterns of formal communication flow are represented by different networks, such as single chain, wheel, circular, free flow, and inverted V.
Formal & Informal Communication, Effective Communication, Process of Communication, Barriers to Communication, Noise in the Communication, How to overcome barriers of Communication,
Communication Process, Types and Models of CommunicationPrinson Rodrigues
Communication Process, Types and Models of Communication, Organizational Communication: Formal and Informal means of Communication; Types of Model: Linear, Interactive and Transactional Model.
Formal & Informal Communication, Effective Communication, Process of Communication, Barriers to Communication, Noise in the Communication, How to overcome barriers of Communication,
Communication Process, Types and Models of CommunicationPrinson Rodrigues
Communication Process, Types and Models of Communication, Organizational Communication: Formal and Informal means of Communication; Types of Model: Linear, Interactive and Transactional Model.
formal, informal communication, barriers to communication, effective communication, grapevine, rumors, gossips, personal, organizational, and semantic barriers of communication
What are communication skills? Communication skills are abilities you use when giving and receiving different kinds of information. Some examples include communicating ideas, feelings or what's happening around you. Communication skills involve listening, speaking, observing and empathizing....
formal, informal communication, barriers to communication, effective communication, grapevine, rumors, gossips, personal, organizational, and semantic barriers of communication
What are communication skills? Communication skills are abilities you use when giving and receiving different kinds of information. Some examples include communicating ideas, feelings or what's happening around you. Communication skills involve listening, speaking, observing and empathizing....
An appreciation of the ancient traders and Indigenous Bankers commercial merchants of Bengal and India before British colonization. The Marwadi Jain Family from Nagaur came to Murshidabad and became the Banker to Alvardi Khan of Bengal Nawabs. Fateh Chand Seth conspires against Siraj ud-dhaula of Bengal and supports the British army to dethrone the nawab of Bengal for his business prospects.
Effective Communication in the organization, Barriers to Communication, personal barriers, cultural barriers, semantic barriers, organizational barriers
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Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
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Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
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Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Explore our most comprehensive guide on lookback analysis at SafePaaS, covering access governance and how it can transform modern ERP audits. Browse now!
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
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2. Formal Communications
• Communication taking place within an organisation may be broadly classified as
formal and informal communication.
• Formal Communication
• Formal communication flows through official channels designed in the
organisation chart.
• This communication may take place between a superior and subordinate, a
subordinate and superior or among same cadre employees or managers.
• The communications may be oral or written but generally recorded and filed in
the office.
• Formal communication may be further classified as – Vertical and Horizontal.
• Vertical communication flows vertically i.e., upwards or downwards through
formal channels.
• Upward communications refer to flow of communication from subordinate to
superior whereas downward communication indicates communication from a
superior to subordinate.
• The examples of upward communication are – application for grant of leave,
submission of progress report, request for grants etc.
5. •Similarly, the examples of downward communication include
– sending notice to employees to attend a meeting, ordering
subordinates to complete an assigned work, passing on
guidelines framed by top management to the subordinates
etc.,
• Horizontal or lateral communication takes place between
one division and another.
•For example, a production manager may contact marketing
manager to discuss about schedule of product delivery,
product design, quality etc.
•The pattern through which communication flows within the
organisation is generally indicated through communication
network.
•Different types of communication networks may operate in
formal organisation.
Formal Communications
6.
7. •Some of the popular communication networks are
presented and discussed in given figure.
• (i) Single chain: This network exists between a supervisor and his subordinates.
Since many levels exist in an organisation structure, communication flows from every
superior to his subordinate through single chain.
• (ii) Wheel: In wheel network, all subordinates under one superior communicate
through him only as he acts as a hub of the wheel. The subordinates are not allowed
to talk among themselves.
• (iii) Circular: In circular network, the communication moves in a circle. Each
person can communicate with his adjoining two persons. In this network,
communication flow is slow.
• (iv) Free flow: In this network, each person can communicate with others freely.
The flow of communication is fast in this network.
• (v) Inverted V: In this network, a subordinate is allowed to communicate with his
immediate superior as well as his superiors superior. However, in later case, only
prescribed communication takes place.
Formal Communications