2 مقدمة تصنيع الأعلاف

1. ) ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬٤١١(-‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬-‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬/‫د‬
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‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬‫اﻷﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬Feed Processing
‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف‬‫اﻟﺨﺎم‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﻼﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬‫ﻟﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮان‬
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫أھﺪاف‬
١-‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬ ،‫ﻧﻮﻋﮫ‬ ،‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة‬‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﺗﻨﺎ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬‫ﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮان‬ ‫ول‬
‫ﻧﺎﻋﻢ‬ ‫)ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬–‫ﻣﺤﺒﺒﺎت‬–.(‫ﻣﺼﺒﻌﺎت‬
٢-‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬(ANF) Anti-Nutritional Factors‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫طﺒﯿﻌﯿﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮاﺟﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬‫ﻣﻮاد‬
‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬‫اﻷﺻﻞ‬‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ‬:‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬)Gossypol – Trypsin Inhibitors – Tannins – Glycosides – Saponins(
٣-‫اﻟﻘﯿ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬) .‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺔ‬‫ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﺠﺰﯾﺌﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬–‫زﯾﺎدة‬‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬–‫ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬.(
‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬
١-‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬Mechanical Processing
‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﮭﺪف‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬) ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮان‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺋﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﯾﻤﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬(‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫وھﺬه‬ ،‫وﻧﻮﻋﮫ‬‫ﻗﺪ‬‫ﺗﺆد‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫ي‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺰﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫وﻟﻜﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬‫ﻟﺪى‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺴﺎﻏﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮان‬‫اﻟﺠﺮش‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻜﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫أﻣﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬)Crushing(‫اﻟﻄﺤﻦ‬ ‫و‬(Grinding)‫وذﻟﻚ‬‫ﺗﻔﺘﯿﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺮض‬
‫ذا‬ ‫واﻟﺒﺬور‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫وﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬‫ﻧﻔﺎذ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮل‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ (‫)اﻟﻘﺼﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺸﺮة‬ ‫ت‬‫اﻹﻧﺰﯾﻤﺎت‬‫أﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺎﺿﻤﺔ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬
.‫واﻟﺘﻤﺜﯿﻞ‬ ‫واﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻀﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫واﻻﻣﺘﺼﺎص‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻀﻢ‬
٢-‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬Physical Processing
‫ﺗﮭﺪف‬ ‫وھﻰ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺮج‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻮاص‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬
.(‫ﺗﺤﻤﯿﺺ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫)ﺗﺠﻔﯿﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫رطﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮارة‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮاء‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﺑﻐﺮض‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺴﯿﻞ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬ANF‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻮاﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺬاﺋﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬‫ﺗﺮطﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺾ‬‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬‫اﻟﮭﻀﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻨﺎة‬ ‫ﻓﺊ‬ ‫ﺟﺮوح‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻐﺬاة‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﻛﯿﺖ‬‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬‫اﻟﺸﻌﯿﺮ‬‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻟﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮطﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
‫واﻟﺘ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺎرة‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻄﺮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮ‬‫اﻟﻔﻄﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﻮم‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻲ‬Mycotoxins‫و‬‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮطﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ام‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮطﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮات‬) ‫اﻟﺘﺼﺒﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬Pelleting‫اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .(‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺆدي‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوط‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻒ‬‫وﺑﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻠﻒ‬‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻨ‬‫ﯿﺔ‬.‫واﻟﻔﯿﺘﺎﻣﯿﻨﺎت‬
٣-‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﺎوي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬Chemical Processing
‫ﻛﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد‬‫إﯾﺠﺎﺑﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺒﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺪف‬‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫وأوﺿﺢ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻄﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺬور‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬Cotton Seed Meal‫اﻟﻜﺎﻟﺴﯿﻮم‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻮرﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺮﻛﺐ‬2CaCl‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪوز‬ ‫ﻛﺒﺮﯾﺘﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺐ‬ ‫أو‬
4SO2Fe‫ﺑ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻮﺳﯿﺒﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﻐﺮض‬Free Gossypol.‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬‫إﻧﺘﺎج‬

2. ) ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬٤١١(-‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬-‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬/‫د‬
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‫اﻟﻔﯿﺘﺎﻣﯿﻨﺎت‬‫واﻷﻣﻼح‬‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻠﯿﺎ‬ (‫اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻤﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﯿﺔ‬‫إﺣﺪى‬‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﺻﻮر‬
.‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ‬
٤-‫اﻟﺒﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬Biological Processing
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬‫اﻟﻔﻄﺮﯾﺎت‬‫واﻟﺨﻤﺎ‬‫ﺋﺮ‬‫ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫إﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬
‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬.‫و‬‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺎﻟﺘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻔﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺴﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬.‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻷﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬Feed Processing Plants
‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼف‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﮭﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬: ‫أﻧﻮاع‬
١–‫اﻟﺨﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬Raw Material Processing Factory
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫وھﻰ‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﻣﺜﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﯿﻘﺔ‬:
-‫اﻟﺪھﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻮل‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫وﺣﺪات‬Full Fat Soybean
-‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰ‬ ‫وﺣﺪات‬Corn Gluten.‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ‬
-‫اﻟﺴﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺤﻮق‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫وﺣﺪات‬Fish Meal‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎك‬ ‫ﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ‬.
-‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﮭﯿﺰ‬ ‫وﺣﺪات‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎزر‬ ‫ﻠﻔﺎت‬‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬Poultry By-Products‫ا‬‫اﻵﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﺎزر‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻠﺤﻘﺔ‬.
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫أھﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﺟﻊ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫اﻟﺨﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺪد‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫دورھﺎ‬‫اﻟﺒﺪﯾﻠﺔ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬
.‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺐ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬
٢–(‫)اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰة‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬Concentrate Feed Factory
‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰة‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬‫ﺑﻤﻔﺮدھﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫)ﻣﺼﺎدر‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﺮھﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻘﺼﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ‬ ‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫وﯾﺮﺟﻊ‬
(‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬.‫ﻋﺎدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰات‬ ‫وھﺬه‬‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫أو‬‫وﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻷﻣﻼح‬ ‫واﻟﻔﯿﺘﺎﻣﯿﻨﺎت‬
‫ﻏﺬاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎت‬‫اﻟﺼﺒﻐﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻜﮭﺔ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻄﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰات‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﯾﺘﻢ‬‫اﻟﻌﻠﻒ‬ ‫وﻣﻮاد‬
‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬‫واﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮوﺗﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﺋﻖ‬ ‫اﺗﺰان‬ ‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎن‬‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻏﯿﺮھﻤﺎ‬‫ﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿﺔ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰات‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬
.‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮان‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫وﻛﺬا‬ ‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫إﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬
٣–‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﻧﻊ‬Complete Feed Factory
‫ا‬ ‫دون‬ ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﺬﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻠﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫وھﻲ‬‫ﻏﺬاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫إﺿﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫أي‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬‫أو‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻌﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت‬‫أﺧﺮى‬،‫ﻟﻠﻄﯿﻮر‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬‫)ﺣﺴﺐ‬،‫اﻟﻌﻤﺮ‬‫واﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬
(‫اﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﯿﺔ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﺗﺘﻤﯿﺰ‬ .‫اﻟﻮﻗﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﺘﯿﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬‫اﻷﻋﻼف‬‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ‬‫أﻧﮭﺎ‬‫ﺗﺤﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﻻ‬‫إﻟﻲ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮة‬
‫ﺗﻐ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎل‬‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫ﺬﯾﺔ‬.‫و‬‫اﻟﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺒﺮﯾﻤﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬Premix(‫ذاﺗﮫ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫)ﺑﺈﻋﺘﺒﺎره‬‫ﯾﺤﺘﺎج‬‫إﻟﻲ‬
‫وﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮات‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﺸﺎﺑﮭﺎت‬ ‫واﻟﺼﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎدر‬‫اﻟﻔﯿﺘﺎﻣﯿﻨﺎت‬‫واﻷﻣﻼح‬‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﯿﺔ‬.