12 تدريج حبوب الذرة

1. ) ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬٤١١(-‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬-‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬/‫د‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوان‬
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‫ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ‬‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬‫اﻟﺬرة‬Corn Gain Grading
‫ﻋﻠ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﮭﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮف‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬‫ﻰ‬٥٠%‫اﻟﺴﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ‬)Dent Corn‫ﻣﻊ‬ /‫أو‬ (
) ‫اﻟﺼﻮان‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬Flint Corn‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫وﻻ‬ (١٠%‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫اﻟﺬرة‬‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬)Sweet Corn –
Popcorn(.
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎھﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫ف‬
-‫اﻟﻐﺮاﺑﯿﻞ‬
o‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﯾﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬)١٢/٦٤(‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬‫ﺑﺴﻤﻚ‬٠٫٠٣٢‫ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‬‫ﺑﮫ‬‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬‫ﻗﻄﺮھﺎ‬٠٫١٨٧٥
)١٢/٦٤‫ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‬ (‫اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورة‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬١/٤‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‬‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫أى‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎورة‬.‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫وﯾﺼﻤﻢ‬‫ﻣﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﻮب‬ ‫ﺻﻒ‬‫ﻣﻊ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻒ‬
o) ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﯾﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬٦/٦٤(‫ﺑﺴﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎرة‬٠٫٠٣٢‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‬‫ﻗﻄﺮھﺎ‬٠٫٠٩٣٧
)٦/٦٤‫ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‬ (‫اﻟﻤﺘﺠﺎورة‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬٥/٣٢‫ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‬‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺎورة‬.‫اﻟﺜﻘﻮب‬ ‫ﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫وﯾﺼﻤﻢ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪاﺧﻞ‬
-‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻄﻠﻖ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﯾﺮة‬ ‫ﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬١٢/٦٤.
-‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻄﻠﻖ‬‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬‫ﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﯾﺮة‬)١٢/٦٤(‫وﻻ‬‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﯾﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬)٦/٦٤(.
-‫اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮاد‬ ‫أى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻄﻠﻖ‬‫ﺣﺒﻮ‬‫ب‬‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬‫ﻔﺘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﯾﺮة‬ ‫ﺤﺎت‬)٦/٦٤(‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ‬ ‫أو‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﯾﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬ ‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬)١٢/٦٤(.‫اﻟﻐﺮﺑﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬
-‫اﻟﻤﺘ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬‫ﻀﺮر‬‫ة‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻠﻖ‬‫أ‬‫ﺟﺰاء‬‫أ‬‫و‬‫ﺣﺒ‬‫ﻮب‬‫اﻟﺬرة‬‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرة‬‫ﺑ‬،‫ﺎﻟﻄﻘﺲ‬‫ﺑ‬،‫ﺎﻟﻤﺮض‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻘﯿﻊ‬،‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎﻟﺠﺮ‬‫ا‬‫ﺛﯿ‬‫ﻢ‬،
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎﻟﺤﺸﺮات‬،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻔﻦ‬‫ﺗﻠﻒ‬ ،‫اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫أو‬ ،.
-‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرة‬‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬‫أ‬‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫وﺗﻠﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬ ‫و‬.
‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫أﺻﻨﺎف‬
‫أﺻﻨﺎف‬ ‫ث‬ ‫ﺛﻼ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﻔﺔ‬‫ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ‬.‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫ذرة‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻀﺎء‬ ‫ذرة‬ ،‫ﺻﻔﺮاء‬ ‫ذرة‬ :‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
١-‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺸﺮة‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ھﻰ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬٠٫٥‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ %‫اﻷﻟﻮان‬
‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬.‫اﻷﺣﻤﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻔﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﻼف‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬.
٢-‫اﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺸﺮة‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ھﻰ‬٠٫٢‫اﻷﻟﻮان‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ %
‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬‫اﻟﺬر‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎر‬ ‫أﯾﻀﺎ‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ .‫اﻟﻐ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻀﺎء‬ ‫ة‬‫اﻷﺑﯿﺾ‬ ‫ﻼف‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺤﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮردي‬.
٣-‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬‫ھﻰ‬‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺸﺎﺑﮫ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬‫ﻣﻊ‬‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫وﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﻀﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أي‬
‫اﻻﺑﯿﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮف‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء‬‫وﻏﯿﺮھﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺰرﻗﺎء‬ ‫واﺳﻮداء‬ ‫واﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬.
‫ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺗﺒﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬:‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬١‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬‫اﻟ‬‫اﻟﺘﻀ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬‫ﺮر‬‫ﺑﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺮاﺋﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫وﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺮارة‬‫وﺟﻮد‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮوع‬ ‫وﺑﺬور‬ ‫اﻟﺤﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻀﻼت‬‫ﺷﻈﺎﯾﺎ‬
‫واﻟﺤ‬ ‫واﻟﺤﺸﺮات‬ ‫اﻟﺰﺟﺎج‬‫ﺼﻰ‬‫اﻷﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮوﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاد‬.
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬٢ُ‫ﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫وإﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ِّ‫ﺜ‬.‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاھﺎ‬ ‫وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬٣‫اﻟﻮ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬‫ﻞ‬ِ‫ﺷ‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫زن‬)Bushel(‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬.
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬٤‫اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬرة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬.‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬٥‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬‫اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫وﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﺟﺰاء‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﻀﺮورة‬‫ﻓﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬-‫اﻟﺼﻮان‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬-‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬‫ﺴﻦ‬-‫و‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺤﺒ‬‫ﻮب‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرة‬‫ﺎﻟﺤﺮارة‬.
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺎت‬‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫أدﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺪ‬ ‫ُﻮﺻﻰ‬‫ﯾ‬‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺎت‬‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬:
‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬‫اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬:١٢٥‫ﺟﺮام‬
‫اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬:‫ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬:٢٥٠‫ﺟﺮام‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬‫ﻛﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻓﻌﺔ‬ :.
‫اﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬‫ﻛﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻓﻌﺔ‬ :.

2. ) ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬٤١١(-‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬-‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬/‫د‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوان‬
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‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬:‫اﻟﻜﻤﯿﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬‫ﺗﻮﺻ‬‫ﻰ‬‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬‫اﻟﻤﺼ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﺠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻨﻌﺔ‬(‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎس‬ ‫)ﺟﮭﺎز‬ ‫ز‬
‫اﻟﻜﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮواﺋﺢ‬‫ﯾ‬‫ﮭﺔ‬:‫ﻛﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻓﻌﺔ‬.
ُ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ِ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻞ‬‫ﻛﻤﯿﺔ‬ :‫ﻛﺎﻓ‬‫اﻟﺤ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺠﺎوز‬ ‫ﯿﺔ‬‫ﺒﻮب‬‫ﺪر‬ِ‫ﻘ‬‫ﻟﻠ‬.
‫ﻞ‬ِ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻮ‬ُ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬
) ‫وﯾﻨﺸﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﯿﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻞء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ِ‫ﺷ‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬Winchester bushel(
)٢١٥٠٫٤٢(‫ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺻﺔ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻦ‬.‫آﺧﺮه‬‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أﺳﺎس‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ُ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ِ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻮ‬‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻞ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﺰﯾﺎدة‬‫ﻣﻊ‬،‫اﻟﺮطﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺼﺎن‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻻﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻘﺪﯾﺮ‬‫ذﻟﻚ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺄﺳﺮع‬‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﯾ‬.‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻨﺎت‬ ‫أﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻤﻜﻦ‬‫و‬‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﻔﻀﻞ‬‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬‫ﻞ‬ِ‫ﺷ‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫إزاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬
.‫اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﻻﺟﺴﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬‫اﻷﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ُ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ِ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﺟﮭﺰة‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫وﻛﻞ‬ ،‫ﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻤﺎﺛﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬.
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬١‫ﺼﺐ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﻜﯿﺎل‬‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻔﯿﺾ‬‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬.
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬٢‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬‫اﻟﻤﻜﯿﺎل‬،‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻮﯾﺔ‬‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫طﺮﯾﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬‫ﺣﺮﻛﺎت‬‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣﺘﻌﺮﺟ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬‫ﻣﺴﻄﺮة‬
‫ﺗﺴﻮﯾﺔ‬‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬ ‫ﻟﮭﺬا‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬.
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬٣ُ‫ﯾ‬‫ﻮزن‬‫اﻟﻤﻤﺘﻠﻰء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﯿﺎل‬:‫اﻟﺜﻼث‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺮق‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺣﺪى‬
)١(.‫اﻟﻘﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬
)٢(‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬‫إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧ‬‫ﻰ‬‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺮﻣﺞ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺮام‬‫اﻟﻰ‬ُ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ِ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻞ‬
)٣(‫ﻣﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬‫ﻗﯿﺎﺳ‬‫ﻰ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫إذا‬‫ﻗﯿﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﯿﺰان‬‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬ ،‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬‫اﻟﻮزن‬‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬‫ﺠﺮام‬‫ﯾﺪوﯾﺎ‬‫اﻟﻰ‬‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ُ‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻞ‬
‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻄﻂ‬.‫و‬‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻗﻢ‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬‫ﺳﺠﻞ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻤ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺮاﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺐ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫أﻗﺮب‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬‫رطﻞ‬ ‫ُﺸﺮ‬‫ﻋ‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ُ‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﺷ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻞ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬ ‫ﺳﺒﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬٥٤٫٣٢‫ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻠﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬٥٤٫٣.‫ﻞ‬ِ‫ﺷ‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬ / ‫رطﻞ‬
.‫ﯾﺪوﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫إﺟﺮاءات‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬١‫ُﻮﺿﻊ‬‫ﯾ‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻐﺮﺑﺎل‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬‫أ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﻄﺒﻖ‬‫اﻟﻘﺎﻋ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫ﺪى‬‫ﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﯾﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬)١٢/٦٤(
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬٢ُ‫ﺗ‬) ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺼﺐ‬٢٥٠‫ﺟﺮاﻣ‬‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫وﺳﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ (‫ﺎ‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬.
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬٣‫ﯾﻮﺿﻊ‬‫اﻟﻐﺮﺑﺎل‬‫ﻣﺎﻛﯿ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺔ‬‫اﻟﺘﺤﺠﯿﻢ‬،‫اﻟ‬ ‫ُﻀﺒﻂ‬‫ﯾ‬‫و‬‫ﺘﻮﻗﯿﺖ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬٢٠‫دﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬‫ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻞ‬‫اﻟﻤﺎﻛﯿﻨﺔ‬.‫إذا‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬‫ﺎﻛﯿ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﺠﯿﻢ‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬،‫ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮة‬‫ﺗﻮﺿﻊ‬‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻞ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﮭﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬‫أﻓﻘﻰ‬‫وﺗﺴ‬‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺘﺨﺪم‬‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬‫اﻟﯿﺴﺎر‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻨﺨﻞ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻮاﻟﻲ‬١٠‫ﺑﻮﺻ‬.‫ﺎت‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫و‬‫اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﯿﺴﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻌﻮدة‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﻤﻞ‬‫ﻏﺮﺑﻠﺔ‬‫واﺣﺪة‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ .‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻜﺮر‬٢٠‫ﻣﺮ‬‫ة‬.
‫ﺧﻄﻮة‬٤‫اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﺜﻞ‬:‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎل‬ ‫ﻼل‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﺪﯾﺮة‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺘﺤﺎت‬)١٢/٦٤(‫وﺟﻤﯿﻊ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮاد‬‫ﺧﺮ‬‫ى‬‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬‫اﻟﺬرة‬‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬‫ﻟﻢ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻨﻔﺬ‬‫ﺧﻼل‬‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬‫اﻟ‬‫ﻐﺮﺑﺎل‬.
‫اﻟﺘﺪرﯾﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ‬
‫ﺗﺪرﯾﺞ‬‫اﻟﺬرة‬
١٢٣٤٥
‫اﻟﺪﻧﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪود‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻠ‬(‫)رطﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺷﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻮزن‬٥٦٫٠٥٤٫٠٥٢٫٠٤٩٫٠٤٦٫٠
‫ا‬‫اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺼﻮى‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺪود‬
-‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻀﺮرة‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬
-‫ﻛﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻀﺮرة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬
٠٫١
٣٫٠
٠٫٢
٥٫٠
٠٫٥
٧٫٠
١٫٠
١٠٫٠
٣٫٠
١٥٫٠
‫اﻟﻐﺮﯾﺒﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻤﻮاد‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ‬٢٫٠٣٫٠٤٫٠٥٫٠٧٫٠

3. ) ‫اﻟﺪواﺟﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﻼف‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻊ‬٤١١(-‫ج‬ ‫و‬ ‫د‬-‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى‬/‫د‬
‫ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻌﺰﯾﺰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮوان‬
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‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﺮاض‬‫اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻮرة‬
‫اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻀﺮر‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺎﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮاﻟﺤﺒﺔ‬ (‫اﻟﻌﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫)ﺑﻐﺾ‬.‫ﺔ‬‫إذا‬
‫أو‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺮوري‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﯿﺲ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮫ‬ ،‫واﺿﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬
‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﺮوري‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وإذا‬ .‫اﻟﺤﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻂ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻔﻦ‬ ‫أدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻣﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺠﻨﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻓﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻄﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺰﻏﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺰرﻗﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻌﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ :‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
‫اﻷرﺟﻮاﻧﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺬرة‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺮرت‬ ‫إذا‬‫اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻦ‬‫أو‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮارة‬‫ﺪم‬‫ﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﺮرھﺎ‬.
‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ *‫ﻹزاﻟﺔ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫دﻗﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫ھﺬه‬‫ﻏﻄﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺤﺒﺔ‬‫ﺣﺎدة‬ ‫ﺑﺂﻟﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻮق‬‫ﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬.‫أن‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫اﻟ‬‫ﻜﺸﻂ‬‫اﻟ‬‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻌﻤﯿﻖ‬‫ﯾ‬‫وﯾﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺪﻣﺮ‬‫ﻋﺪم‬
‫اﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬‫وﯾ‬‫ﻀﺮ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ‬.
*‫ﯾﺠﺐ‬‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺔ‬‫اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻦ‬‫ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﮭﺎ‬‫و‬‫إذا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧ‬‫ﺖ‬‫أﻏ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫داﻛﻨﺔ‬‫ﻤﻖ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺗﻈﮭﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬.
‫ﺣﺒﺔ‬١‫اﻟﺠﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺘﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺒﺔ‬٢‫اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺒﺔ‬٣‫اﻟﺤﺒﺔ‬ ‫ظﮭﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻮن‬ ‫ﯾﻈﮭﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ : ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬‫اﻟﻤﺸﺎﺑ‬‫ﮭ‬‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﮫ‬‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺘ‬‫ﻀﺮر‬‫ة‬‫ﺣﺮارﯾﺎ‬.
‫ﺑﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬‫ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫واﺿﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺎت‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮس‬‫ﮭﺎ‬‫أدﻟﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﻧﻔﻖ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺛﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﻮد‬‫ﯾﺪل‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺪاﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺸﺮات‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫اﺣﺘﻤﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬‫اﻟﺪﻟﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﯾﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬
.‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻋﯿﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺸﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫إﺻﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫ﻗﺪر‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﻮرة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﻮب‬
‫ﺣﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺸﻮف‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
.‫ﺗﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬
،‫اﻻوﺳﺎخ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻔﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ : ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬‫أن‬ ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻔﻦ‬‫ﻣﻨﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻮﺟﺪ‬‫أﻟﻮان‬‫ﻋﺪﯾﺪة‬.
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