The document provides a detailed overview of programming concepts including variable types, control structures, expressions, and exception handling. It covers basic data types such as int, char, and boolean, as well as various control flow mechanisms like if-else statements, switch-case statements, and loops (for, while, do-while). Additionally, the document discusses the handling of exceptions and string manipulation in Java.

1. 1

2. 






3. 




Type name
int x

4. 
int x,y,z;
Scope

5. 

Primitiveint , char.
ReferenceDate, time

7. ...

8. ...

9. ...

10. 


.

11. ...

12. 
Member Variable
Local Variable
Method Parameter
Exception-Handler Parameter

13. 


{ }catchcatch.

14. ...

15. 
i


16. 
byte b =10;
short s =150;
int i =500;
long l =450l;
float f =4.5f;
double d =4.7d;
char c = ‘c’;
boolean bn = true;

17. Final Variables
final int c=23;

final int c;
c=23;
c

18. K++ , +3)
)c = 5+x(
:?)
Arithmetic Operations
Relational and Conditional Operators
Shift and logical Operators
Assignment Operators


19. Expressions
Statements
Blocks

20. 

a= x+y/z;
a= x+(y/z(;
106(

21. 








22.  x=9.5;
 a++;
 System.out.print(x);
 MyClass o=new MyClass();
 int a=5;
 if(a>5) a--;

23. 

if(a<=5)
{
a++;
System.out.println("The number is less than or
equal 5 ");
}
else
System.out.println("The number is greater than 5
");

24. 

if-else, switch-case
for, while, do-while
try-catch-finally, throw
break, continue, label:, return

25. ifelse

if(x>5)
System.out.println("x is grater than 5");
else
System.out.println("x is less than or equal 5");

26. elseifnested if
if(x>0)
System.out.println("x is +ve");
else
if(x<0)
System.out.println("x is -ve");
else
System.out.println("x is zero");

27. if ( studentGrade >= 90 )
System.out.println( "A" );
else
if ( studentGrade >= 80 )
System.out.println( "B" );
else
if ( studentGrade >= 70 )
System.out.println( "C" );
else
if ( studentGrade >= 60 )
System.out.println( "D" );
else
System.out.println( "F" );

28. if/elseswitchcase.
switch (i)
{
case 1:
{
System.out.println(" i has the value of 1");
System.out.println("this statement is to show that you
can use a block");
}
break;
case2:
System.out.println(" ");
break;
default: ..............;
}

29. switchchar, byte, short, intlong, float, double.
breakswitch
default case

30. 
for (initialization; termination; increment)
{
statement // Or statements
}

31. 

32. EXAMPLES USING THE FOR
STATEMENT
Vary control variable from 1 to 100 in increments of 1
for ( int i = 1; i <= 100; i++ )
Vary control variable from 100 to 1 in increments of –1
for ( int i = 100; i >= 1; i-- )
Vary control variable from 7 to 77 in increments of 7
for ( int i = 7; i <= 77; i += 7 )
Vary control variable from 20 to 2 in decrements of 2
for ( int i = 20; i >= 2; i -= 2 )
Vary control variable over the sequence: 2, 5, 8, 11, 14,
17, 20
for ( int i = 2; i <= 20; i += 3 )
Vary control variable over the sequence: 99, 88, 77, 66,
55, 44, 33, 22, 11, 0
for ( int i = 99; i >= 0; i -= 11 )

33. while
while (expression)
{
statement // Or statements
}

34. 51 // processing phase
52 while ( gradeCounter < = 10 ) // loop 10 times
53 {
54 System.out.print( "Enter grade: " ); // prompt
55 grade = input.nextInt(); // input next grade
56 total = total + grade; // add grade to total
57 gradeCounter = gradeCounter + 1; // increment counter by 1
58 } // end while

35. 
do
{
statement(s)
} while (expression);

36. 1
2 // do...while repetition statement.
3
4 public class DoWhileTest
5 {
6 public static void main( String args[] )
7 {
8 int counter = 1; // initialize counter
9
10 do
11 {
12 System.out.printf( "%d ", counter );
13 ++counter;
14 } while ( counter < = 10 ); // end do...while
15
16 System.out.println(); // outputs a newline
17 } // end main
18 } // end class DoWhileTest
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Declares and initializes
control variable counter
Variable counter’s value is displayed
before testing counter’s final value

37. Exception



38. try
catchtrytry
finallytry

39. try
{
…
}
catch ( exceptiontype name )
{
…
}
finally
{
…
}

40. 
break
continue
return

41. 

).switch(
)while(.
).do-while(
)for(.
ifswitch
break;


42. for (int j=1;j<=10;j++)
{
System.out.println(j);
if (j==3)
break;
System.out.println("xBoot");
}
System.out.println("yOut");
1
xBoot
2
xBoot
3
yOut

43. 

continue;

44. for (int j=1; j <= 3; j++ )
{
System.out.println (j);
if ( j == 2 ) continue ;
System.out.println ("Bottom of loop ");
}
System.out.println ("Out of loop "); 1
Bottom of loop
2
3
Bottom of loop
Out of loop

45. return
voidreturn

46. ...
 return 5;
 return x;
 return i++;
 return;
returnreturn

47. 
String
StringBuffer

48. public class StringsDemo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String pal = "Dot saw I was Tod";
StringBuffer dest = new StringBuffer(pal);
System.out.println(dest);
}
}

49. String pal = "Dot saw I was Tod";
String pal = new String("Dot saw I was
Tod");

char[] alQuds = { 'A', 'l', 'Q', 'u', 'd','s' };
String s2 = new String(alQuds);

50. String
valueOf)(
String piString = "3.14159";
Double pi = Double.valueOf(piString);

51. Number

52. ...
byteValue)(byte
shortValue)(short
toString)(String