1.trimester ultrasonografisi
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1.trimester ultrasonografisi
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This document discusses fetal growth retardation (FGR), providing information on definition, incidence, causes, complications, diagnosis using ultrasound and Doppler, and management including timing of delivery. Key points include:
- FGR is defined as failure of a fetus to reach its genetic growth potential, putting it at risk of perinatal mortality and morbidity.
- Major causes include placental insufficiency and fetal/chromosomal abnormalities. It increases perinatal mortality and long-term health risks.
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ROLE OF ULTRASOUND IN MULTIFETAL GESTATION - WHAT AN OBSTETRICIAN SHOULD KNOW ?
Ultrasound plays an indispensable role in managing multifetal gestations. It is crucial for determining chorionicity and zygosity early in the first trimester, as this predicts complications. Ultrasound can also assess nuchal translucency, screen for anomalies, monitor growth and detect complications like twin-twin transfusion syndrome that are more common in monochorionic twins. Serial ultrasound examinations are important for detailed evaluation of the placenta, umbilical cords, fetal growth and well-being in order to guide management and improve outcomes in these high risk pregnancies.
Overview of IUGR FGR
Fetal growth restriction (FGR), formerly called intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), refers to a condition in which an unborn baby is smaller than it should be because it is not growing at a normal rate inside the womb.
Mild FGR usually doesn't cause long-term problems. In fact, most babies who have it catch up in height and weight by age 2. But severe FGR can seriously harm a baby before and after birth. The extent of the problems depends on the cause and how severe the growth restriction is. It also depends on what point in the pregnancy it starts.
Fetal growth
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This document discusses placental abnormalities that can be detected on prenatal sonography. It begins by covering embryology and normal placental development. It then discusses various placental abnormalities such as placental previa, accreta, infarction, and morphological abnormalities. It provides details on the sonographic findings, risk factors, and clinical implications of each abnormality. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding placental anatomy and physiology to properly identify any abnormalities and optimize outcomes for the mother and baby.
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Pearls and pitfalls presentation in ovarian torsionSpecial Fetal Care Unit Ain Shams University Hospital
1) Ovarian torsion is the twisting of the ovarian vascular pedicle, cutting off blood flow to the ovary. It most commonly affects the right ovary and large cystic masses increase the risk.
2) Ultrasound is helpful for diagnosis and shows an enlarged ovary with peripheral cysts ("string of pearls" sign) and absence of venous blood flow. The "whirlpool" sign of twisted vessels may also be seen.
3) The degree of blood flow detected on Doppler ultrasound correlates with ovarian viability - absent flow indicates necrosis while some flow improves chances of ovarian salvage.2nd trimester ultrasound..
The document provides details about performing and interpreting a fetal anatomy scan between 18-20 weeks of gestation. It describes assessing various fetal anatomical structures including the brain, skull, abdomen, lungs, heart, spine, and limbs. Key measurements and normal ranges are outlined. Common congenital anomalies that may be detected on the scan are also described for various structures. The purpose of the anatomy scan is to evaluate fetal anatomy and screen for potential fetal anomalies.
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This document discusses amniotic fluid assessment in ultrasound examinations. It provides details on qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating amniotic fluid volume using methods like the maximum vertical pocket measurement and amniotic fluid index. Abnormalities in amniotic fluid volume can indicate issues like premature rupture of membranes or fetal growth restrictions. Causes of variations in amniotic fluid are discussed, along with criteria for determining normal versus abnormal fluid levels. Measurement techniques and ranges for oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios are also outlined.
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Gynecology is the medical specialty that focuses on the health and well-being of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, and associated structures.
Importance of Gynecology in Women's Health: Gynaecologists play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating various gynecological conditions, promoting reproductive health, providing family planning options, managing pregnancy and childbirth, and addressing women's health concerns throughout different life stages.
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Mullerian anomalies
Mullerian duct anomalies occur due to abnormal development of the paired mullerian ducts in females during embryological development. The three main phases of mullerian duct development are organogenesis, fusion, and septal resorption. When one or more of these phases are disrupted, it can lead to mullerian duct anomalies such as a bicornuate or septate uterus. Mullerian duct anomalies are diagnosed using imaging modalities like ultrasound, MRI, and hysterosalpingography which allow visualization of the uterine cavity and identification of the specific anomaly present. The most common anomalies include septate uterus, bicornuate uterus, and arcuate uterus.
Fetal biometry parameters lk
Fetal biometry parameters are ultrasound measurements used to indirectly assess fetal growth and well-being, including biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femoral length. These measurements are used in formulas to estimate gestational age and fetal weight. Intrauterine growth restriction is defined as a birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age and can be symmetrical, affecting overall growth, or asymmetrical, primarily impacting abdominal growth. Ultrasound biometry, particularly abdominal circumference, allows accurate prenatal diagnosis of growth issues.
Role of tubal surgery in era of ivf
1. Tubal anastomosis or IVF-ET must be considered based on factors like age, tubal damage extent, cost, and patient preference.
2. IVF-ET has a higher per-cycle success rate while tubal anastomosis has a higher cumulative success rate and may be more cost-effective.
3. Both have risks and neither is clearly superior, so options should be discussed individually to help couples feel they explored all options.
Infertility Hysteroscopy
The document discusses the use of hysteroscopy in evaluating and treating infertility. It provides evidence-based guidelines on when hysteroscopy is recommended and not recommended in infertility workup. It also reviews evidence on techniques for diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy, including indications, preparation, distension media, findings, and treatment of various intrauterine issues like polyps, fibroids, adhesions that may cause infertility. Complications are also discussed.
Cervical length & Prediction of preterm labor Cervical length & Prediction ...
1. Cervical length measured by transvaginal ultrasound can predict preterm birth, with a length under 25mm indicating higher risk.
2. For women at high risk of preterm birth due to prior preterm births or cervical procedures, regular cervical length screenings from 16-24 weeks and interventions for those under 25mm can help prevent preterm birth.
3. Cervical length is also a useful predictor for twin and triplet pregnancies, though the accuracy varies more than for single pregnancies. Interventions like cerclage or progesterone may help for women with short cervical lengths.
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1.trimester ultrasonografisi
- 1. Birinci Trimester Ultrasonogafi Uzm.Dr. BAHRİ YILDIZ Uzm.Dr.M.EROL YAYLA
- 11. implantasyon tarafında desidual kalınlaşma ile birlikte fokal ekojenik bir zonun görülmesidir [14](Resim- 2).
- 14. Resim 3
- 15. Resim 4
- 19. Gebelik kesesi-sonogramlar Transabdominal 3.5mhz
- 29. 3-Yolk kesesi: Fetal pole
- 30. Yolk sak kesesi Yolk kesesi
- 34. 5-Embriyo ve kalp atımı: sonogram
- 35. 5-Embriyo ve kalp atımı: sonogram
- 36. 5-Embriyo ve kalp atımı: sonogram
- 38. 6-CRL:sonogram
- 39. 6-CRL:sonogram
- 44. 3.5 mhz ile 4-5 haftalık kese
- 45. 4-5 haftalık kalınlaşmış ekojenik duvar ve gebelik kesesi
- 47. 5-6 haftalık gebelikte belirgin gebelik kesesi
- 50. 7. Hafta: sonogram-g kesesi ovoid şekilde belirgin dopler ile kardiak aktivitesi belli olan fetus
- 51. 7.Hafta sonogram
- 52. G-sak
- 53. fetus
- 55. G-sac ı çevreleyen endometrial mukoza
- 59. Resim 6