1.ploidy refers to the number of complete sets of chromosomes in an organism. Humans have 2 sets of chromosomes and are classified as diploid Organisms with only one set of chromosomes are classified as haploid 2. homozygotes are Individuals who have copies of the same allele at paired genetic loci. 3. The phenotype of an organism is what can be observed; this is the physical manifestation of the organism’s genotype 4. The term locus refers to the specific location of a gene or gene sequence along the chromosome 5. The spindle microtubules attach to a chromosome at a constricted region on a chromosome known as the centromere,The set of proteins at this location that provide the point of attachment for the spindle microtubules is called the kinetochore 6. The chiasma is the point of contact between paired (homologous) chromosomes at which crossing over takes place, during the first metaphase of meiosis. Another term for crossing over is recombination 7. Each gene in the species can have two, three, four, or even more alleles in any given population. But a diploid individual could only have two per gene at most. 8. The centrosome is the structure from which the spindle apparatus develops; in animal cells, it contains the centrioles. 9. The two identical chromosomes that result from DNA replication are referred to as sister chromatids.They are held together by proteins at a region of the chromosome called the centromere. 10. cohesin is the molecule that holds the two sister chromatids of a chromosome together. Its breakdown at the centromeres enables the chromatids to separate in anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis 11. At the beginning of nuclear division in animal cells, the centrioles position themselves at opposite ends of the cell forming cell poles. Long protein fibers called microtubules extend from the centrioles in all possible directions. This results in the formation of the spindle apparatus 12.cytokinesis refers to the physical process of cell division that divides the cytoplasm of a parent cell into two daughter cells. Solution 1.ploidy refers to the number of complete sets of chromosomes in an organism. Humans have 2 sets of chromosomes and are classified as diploid Organisms with only one set of chromosomes are classified as haploid 2. homozygotes are Individuals who have copies of the same allele at paired genetic loci. 3. The phenotype of an organism is what can be observed; this is the physical manifestation of the organism’s genotype 4. The term locus refers to the specific location of a gene or gene sequence along the chromosome 5. The spindle microtubules attach to a chromosome at a constricted region on a chromosome known as the centromere,The set of proteins at this location that provide the point of attachment for the spindle microtubules is called the kinetochore 6. The chiasma is the point of contact between paired (homologous) chromosomes at which crossing over takes place, during the first metaphase of meios.

1. 1.ploidy refers to the number of complete sets of chromosomes in an organism. Humans have 2
sets of chromosomes and are classified as diploid
Organisms with only one set of chromosomes are classified as haploid
2. homozygotes are Individuals who have copies of the same allele at paired genetic loci.
3. The phenotype of an organism is what can be observed; this is the physical manifestation of
the organism’s genotype
4. The term locus refers to the specific location of a gene or gene sequence along the
chromosome
5. The spindle microtubules attach to a chromosome at a constricted region on a chromosome
known as the centromere,The set of proteins at this location that provide the point of attachment
for the spindle microtubules is called the kinetochore
6. The chiasma is the point of contact between paired (homologous) chromosomes at which
crossing over takes place, during the first metaphase of meiosis. Another term for crossing over
is recombination
7. Each gene in the species can have two, three, four, or even more alleles in any given
population. But a diploid individual could only have two per gene at most.
8. The centrosome is the structure from which the spindle apparatus develops; in animal cells, it
contains the centrioles.
9. The two identical chromosomes that result from DNA replication are referred to as sister
chromatids.They are held together by proteins at a region of the chromosome called the
centromere.
10. cohesin is the molecule that holds the two sister chromatids of a chromosome together. Its
breakdown at the centromeres enables the chromatids to separate in anaphase of mitosis and
anaphase II of meiosis
11. At the beginning of nuclear division in animal cells, the centrioles position themselves at
opposite ends of the cell forming cell poles. Long protein fibers called microtubules extend from
the centrioles in all possible directions. This results in the formation of the spindle apparatus
12.cytokinesis refers to the physical process of cell division that divides the cytoplasm of a
parent cell into two daughter cells.
Solution
1.ploidy refers to the number of complete sets of chromosomes in an organism. Humans have 2
sets of chromosomes and are classified as diploid
Organisms with only one set of chromosomes are classified as haploid

2. 2. homozygotes are Individuals who have copies of the same allele at paired genetic loci.
3. The phenotype of an organism is what can be observed; this is the physical manifestation of
the organism’s genotype
4. The term locus refers to the specific location of a gene or gene sequence along the
chromosome
5. The spindle microtubules attach to a chromosome at a constricted region on a chromosome
known as the centromere,The set of proteins at this location that provide the point of attachment
for the spindle microtubules is called the kinetochore
6. The chiasma is the point of contact between paired (homologous) chromosomes at which
crossing over takes place, during the first metaphase of meiosis. Another term for crossing over
is recombination
7. Each gene in the species can have two, three, four, or even more alleles in any given
population. But a diploid individual could only have two per gene at most.
8. The centrosome is the structure from which the spindle apparatus develops; in animal cells, it
contains the centrioles.
9. The two identical chromosomes that result from DNA replication are referred to as sister
chromatids.They are held together by proteins at a region of the chromosome called the
centromere.
10. cohesin is the molecule that holds the two sister chromatids of a chromosome together. Its
breakdown at the centromeres enables the chromatids to separate in anaphase of mitosis and
anaphase II of meiosis
11. At the beginning of nuclear division in animal cells, the centrioles position themselves at
opposite ends of the cell forming cell poles. Long protein fibers called microtubules extend from
the centrioles in all possible directions. This results in the formation of the spindle apparatus
12.cytokinesis refers to the physical process of cell division that divides the cytoplasm of a
parent cell into two daughter cells.