During the 19th century Romantic period in art: - Artists were encouraged by ideas of the French Revolution to highlight national identity and exoticism in their works. - Romanticism embraced loose formal constraints allowing artists to express individual ideas and emotions, including the supernatural and horror. - Landscapes were popular and often conveyed emotions or nationalism by depicting the artist's homeland or exotic foreign places. - Heroism became an important theme as common people were believed capable of heroic acts. - Movements like the Pre-Raphaelites and Arts and Crafts reacted against industrialization and intricate Victorian styles, preferring naturalism, simplicity and handmade crafts. - Imp