This document summarizes a review of 134 studies from the past 25 years on modeling residential water consumption and informing water demand management strategies. The studies analyzed how smart meter technology, which provides near-continuous water usage data at single households, has advanced the ability to characterize, model and design user-oriented water conservation strategies. While previous research focused on specific aspects, there is limited integration of specialized methodologies. Growing populations, constrained water supplies and climate change will require more integrated procedures to effectively support residential water demand modeling and management worldwide.
Developing a stochastic simulation model for the generation of residential wa...SmartH2O
This document reviews literature on using smart water meters to model and manage residential water demand. It discusses how smart meter data collected at high temporal and spatial resolution has advanced the ability to characterize, model, and design water conservation strategies. However, research thus far has focused on these aspects separately without much integration. The review provides a framework to classify water demand modeling studies and identifies trends and future challenges, such as supporting more integrated modeling and management approaches to address growing populations, limited water resources, and climate change impacts across many countries.
Smart metering technologies allow for gathering high resolution water demand data in the residential sector, opening up new opportunities for the development of models describing water consumers’ behaviors. Yet, gathering such accurate water demand data at the end-use level is limited by metering intrusiveness, costs, and privacy issues. In this paper, we contribute a stochastic simulation model for synthetically generating high-resolution time series of water use at the end-use level. Each water end-use fixture in our model is characterized by its signature (i.e., its typical single-use pattern), as well as frequency distributions of its number of uses per day, single use duration, time of use during the day, and contribution to the total household water demand. The model relies on statistical data from a real-world metering campaign across 9 cities in the US. Showcasing our model outputs, we demonstrate the potential usability of this model for characterizing the water end-use demands of different communities, as well as for analyzing the major components of peak demand and performing scenario analysis.
Data-driven behavioural modelling of residential water consumption to inform ...SmartH2O
This document summarizes a review of 134 studies from the past 25 years on modeling residential water consumption and informing water demand management strategies. The studies analyzed how smart meter technology, which provides near-continuous water usage data at high spatial and temporal resolution, has advanced the ability to characterize, model and design user-oriented strategies. While previous research focused on specific aspects, there was limited integration of specialized methodologies; the review provides a framework to classify residential water demand modeling studies and identify trends and future opportunities. Growing populations, constrained water supplies and climate change will require more integrated procedures to effectively support modeling and management across many countries.
ICT solutions for highly-customized water demand management strategiesSmartH2O
1) Smart metering technologies and big data analytics can help water utilities better understand residential water usage patterns and identify different consumption profiles.
2) Gamification approaches, like the SmartH2O project's "DropTheQuestion" app, show potential for inducing behavioral change and reducing household water consumption. Preliminary results from SmartH2O indicate water savings of 10% on average.
3) Further analysis of smart meter data from over 11,000 households in Valencia, Spain identified common daily, weekly, and hourly water usage patterns and helped classify households into consumption categories from very high to low users.
PROFILING RESIDENTIAL WATER USERS’ ROUTINES BY EIGENBEHAVIOR MODELLINGSmartH2O
This document proposes a method of segmenting residential water users into clusters based on their daily water usage routines, or eigenbehaviors, extracted from smart meter data. It involves extracting the eigenbehaviors of individual users through principal component analysis to characterize their typical daily usage patterns. The users are then clustered based on their eigenbehavior profiles. Finally, the clusters are characterized to inform demand management strategies for reducing water consumption. The method is demonstrated on a case study of 175 water users in Locarno, Switzerland monitored over 7 months with hourly smart meter data.
Australia with a Drying Climate - Sustainable urban water management. By what...SmartH2O
The document discusses sustainable urban water management strategies for Perth, Western Australia as the region experiences drying climate conditions and declining rainfall. It outlines three levels of strategies: 1) behavioral change programs like H2omesmart, 2) improved efficiency standards for appliances, and 3) new technologies such as decentralized seawater desalination plants and dual reticulation systems. Case studies on these initiatives show potential for significant water savings through community-based social marketing, more efficient devices, and alternative water sources. Future research is proposed on developing new urban villages with integrated water recycling and renewable energy systems.
This document summarizes a review of 134 studies from the past 25 years on modeling residential water consumption and informing water demand management strategies. The studies analyzed how smart meter technology, which provides near-continuous water usage data at single households, has advanced the ability to characterize, model and design user-oriented water conservation strategies. While previous research focused on specific aspects, there is limited integration of specialized methodologies. Growing populations, constrained water supplies and climate change will require more integrated procedures to effectively support residential water demand modeling and management worldwide.
Developing a stochastic simulation model for the generation of residential wa...SmartH2O
This document reviews literature on using smart water meters to model and manage residential water demand. It discusses how smart meter data collected at high temporal and spatial resolution has advanced the ability to characterize, model, and design water conservation strategies. However, research thus far has focused on these aspects separately without much integration. The review provides a framework to classify water demand modeling studies and identifies trends and future challenges, such as supporting more integrated modeling and management approaches to address growing populations, limited water resources, and climate change impacts across many countries.
Smart metering technologies allow for gathering high resolution water demand data in the residential sector, opening up new opportunities for the development of models describing water consumers’ behaviors. Yet, gathering such accurate water demand data at the end-use level is limited by metering intrusiveness, costs, and privacy issues. In this paper, we contribute a stochastic simulation model for synthetically generating high-resolution time series of water use at the end-use level. Each water end-use fixture in our model is characterized by its signature (i.e., its typical single-use pattern), as well as frequency distributions of its number of uses per day, single use duration, time of use during the day, and contribution to the total household water demand. The model relies on statistical data from a real-world metering campaign across 9 cities in the US. Showcasing our model outputs, we demonstrate the potential usability of this model for characterizing the water end-use demands of different communities, as well as for analyzing the major components of peak demand and performing scenario analysis.
Data-driven behavioural modelling of residential water consumption to inform ...SmartH2O
This document summarizes a review of 134 studies from the past 25 years on modeling residential water consumption and informing water demand management strategies. The studies analyzed how smart meter technology, which provides near-continuous water usage data at high spatial and temporal resolution, has advanced the ability to characterize, model and design user-oriented strategies. While previous research focused on specific aspects, there was limited integration of specialized methodologies; the review provides a framework to classify residential water demand modeling studies and identify trends and future opportunities. Growing populations, constrained water supplies and climate change will require more integrated procedures to effectively support modeling and management across many countries.
ICT solutions for highly-customized water demand management strategiesSmartH2O
1) Smart metering technologies and big data analytics can help water utilities better understand residential water usage patterns and identify different consumption profiles.
2) Gamification approaches, like the SmartH2O project's "DropTheQuestion" app, show potential for inducing behavioral change and reducing household water consumption. Preliminary results from SmartH2O indicate water savings of 10% on average.
3) Further analysis of smart meter data from over 11,000 households in Valencia, Spain identified common daily, weekly, and hourly water usage patterns and helped classify households into consumption categories from very high to low users.
PROFILING RESIDENTIAL WATER USERS’ ROUTINES BY EIGENBEHAVIOR MODELLINGSmartH2O
This document proposes a method of segmenting residential water users into clusters based on their daily water usage routines, or eigenbehaviors, extracted from smart meter data. It involves extracting the eigenbehaviors of individual users through principal component analysis to characterize their typical daily usage patterns. The users are then clustered based on their eigenbehavior profiles. Finally, the clusters are characterized to inform demand management strategies for reducing water consumption. The method is demonstrated on a case study of 175 water users in Locarno, Switzerland monitored over 7 months with hourly smart meter data.
Australia with a Drying Climate - Sustainable urban water management. By what...SmartH2O
The document discusses sustainable urban water management strategies for Perth, Western Australia as the region experiences drying climate conditions and declining rainfall. It outlines three levels of strategies: 1) behavioral change programs like H2omesmart, 2) improved efficiency standards for appliances, and 3) new technologies such as decentralized seawater desalination plants and dual reticulation systems. Case studies on these initiatives show potential for significant water savings through community-based social marketing, more efficient devices, and alternative water sources. Future research is proposed on developing new urban villages with integrated water recycling and renewable energy systems.
Water projects, case studies and experiencesSmartH2O
This document discusses water demand management strategies used by large water utilities. It focuses on London's water supply utility which serves 15 million customers. Key strategies discussed include demand management through technological, financial, legislative, operational and educational approaches. The document also discusses including user modeling and monitoring of water consumption at the individual consumer level to help forecast future water demand. Machine learning techniques like feature extraction, user profiling and clustering are explored to predict consumer water usage based on relevant determinants.
The SmartH2O project and the role of social computing in promoting efficient ...SmartH2O
The document discusses the SmartH2O project which aims to promote efficient residential water use through social computing. The project seeks to understand current water consumer behavior using smart meter data, incorporate behavioral data from a smart app, and create user models. It then aims to raise social awareness of water conservation through social networks and dynamic pricing schemes. A key objective is to stimulate collective behavior changes and social influences on water usage. The role of persuasive games in influencing consumer behavior is also discussed.
Smart metering, water pricing and social media to stimulate residential water...SmartH2O
The document discusses the SmartH2O project which aims to stimulate residential water efficiency through smart metering, water pricing, and social media. The project will understand current water consumption behaviors, predict how behaviors can be influenced by social awareness campaigns, dynamic water prices, and then raise consumer awareness of their habits to encourage water reduction. Smart meters will measure the impact of different policies on consumption while social networks, feedback apps, and competitive pricing schemes will engage consumers to conserve water. The project will test these approaches through case studies in the UK and Switzerland.
The document summarizes research on integrated water management of the Red-Thai Binh river system in Vietnam under changing conditions. The researchers used optimization methods to design reservoir operating policies that balance multiple objectives like hydropower production, flood control, and water supply. Climate change assessments showed vulnerabilities are amplified by operations and depend on uncertain future scenarios. Further research will introduce socio-economic factors and robust optimization to support adaptation strategy design.
The document describes a project called the Integrated Management of the Red Thai Binh river system under change (IMRR) which aims to develop strategies for sustainable management of the Red-Thai Binh River System in Vietnam. The project uses integrated water resources management, participatory planning, and modeling and optimization tools. It also involves capacity building activities like training courses. The project models the river system and reservoirs using various tools and analyzes how climate and water demand changes could impact the system and affect flood damages, water supply, and hydropower production. It explores how policies may need to adapt to different future scenarios.
Public awareness and feedback – Insights from the SmartH2O project SmartH2O
The document discusses insights from the SmartH2O project on raising public awareness and providing feedback to induce behavior change related to water consumption. It outlines two main challenges of how to present consumption information to users and motivate them to change behavior. It then describes the SmartH2O approach which includes a consumer portal with gamification elements, consumption feedback, tips, goals and rewards to engage users. Initial results from a validation study in Spain show positive user acceptance of the technology and motivation from gamification. Analysis of user activity levels and consumption data also provide early signs that the approach may help influence behaviors.
Visualizing & gamifying water & energy consumption for behavior changeIsabel Micheel
Micheel, I., Novak, J., Fraternali, P., Baroffio, G., Castelletti, A., and Rizzoli, A.-E., "Visualizing & gamifying water & energy consumption for behavior change". Paper presentation at Fostering Smart Energy Applications (FSEA) 2015 workshop at Interact2015. Bamberg, 15 Sep 2015. Workshop proceedings available here: http://it4se.informatik.fh-augsburg.de/FSEA15/proceedings.html
The paper presented in the slides considers the structural similarities in approaches and lessons learned in the development of applications for behavior change in water and energy saving. We show how the domains of water and energy are related and propose a first set of design guidelines for building such solutions, especially regarding visualization and gamification of water and/or energy consumption. We exemplify how such guidelines can be applied with the designs and prototypes of a gamified application for water saving behavior change from our SmartH2O project. Based on feedback from user and stakeholder workshops and online discussions, we discuss how the initial design guidelines synthesized from the literature have been refined. In a next step, we will validate them by deploying the implemented prototype in real- world trials with several thousand smart-metered households in the UK, Switzerland and Spain.
The work presented has come out of the SmartH2O project: EU FP7, No. 619172, 2014-2017. smarth2o- fp7.eu/
The SmartH2O project receives EU funding to develop technology for improving water efficiency through new business partnerships between water utilities and customers. The project aims to turn smart meter water consumption data into a business intelligence tool to help utilities predict demand, optimize operations, and foster sustainable customer behavior. The technology includes a gamified consumer portal, data analytics for customer segmentation and behavioral change, and serious games for customer engagement. The system has been in alpha testing and will be deployed in London, Valencia, and other locations in 2016-2017.
A CMS based Geoportal targeted to manage information related to water resource management projects, powered with a full FOSS stack. A first application of the Geoportal is on the case study of Red Thai Binh River in Vietnam.
Policy Tools to Achieve Urban Water SecurityRobert Brears
TRADITIONALLY, URBAN WATER managers, faced with increasing demand for water alongside varying levels of supplies, have relied on largescale, supply-side infrastructural
projects, such as dams and reservoirs, to meet increased demands for water. This supply-side approach, however, is under increasing pressure from climate change, rapid population and economic growth and even land-use changes impacting the availability of good quality water of sufficient quantities. To enhance urban water security, water managers are turning towards demand-side management.
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 8a “Water and the circular economy, part 3 – cities and water”
Curving the line to accelerated resource recovery: the Life Memory, INCOVER a...EIP Water
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 5 “Water and the circular economy, part 2 - agriculture”
City Blueprints update & approach February 2016EIP Water
The document discusses trends and challenges facing urban water management, including increasing urbanization, water scarcity, and climate change impacts. It summarizes initiatives to help cities improve their water services and infrastructure through sharing best practices, including the European Innovation Partnership on Water's City Blueprint program, BlueSCities, and Netwerc h2o. The document emphasizes that transitioning cities to be more water-wise requires greater financial support and more proactive rather than reactive approaches to issues.
How knowledge creation in water utilities can boost innovation in the sectorEIP Water
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 6 “Financing innovation in the water sector”
Precision irrigation that reduces energy consumptionEIP Water
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 5 “Water and the circular economy, part 2 - agriculture”
This marketing piece, produced in late 2018, showcases several success stories I gathered from various WRF subscribers, all illustrating the value of WRF research.
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 7 “The water business: Markets, opportunities and employment”
Persuasive games - concept, state of the art and issues on sustainability app...SmartH2O
This document discusses persuasive games and related concepts like serious games, gamification, and pervasive games. It summarizes several studies on persuasive games for sustainability and environmental issues. Key open problems discussed are how to treat and ensure privacy of massive data collected from players, and how to design games to guarantee long-term behavior change rather than just short-term effects. Retention techniques like casual gameplay, small investments, and frequent rewards are proposed to encourage long-term engagement.
A convex optimization approach for automated water and energy end use disaggr...SmartH2O
This document presents a convex optimization approach for automated disaggregation of water consumption data into end uses. It proposes modeling each end use as having finite operating modes and piecewise constant consumption profiles. A sparse optimization problem is formulated to minimize the fitting error between modeled and measured consumption, regularized by an L1-norm penalty to promote sparsity. Tests on electricity and water consumption data show the approach can accurately disaggregate consumption into end uses like toilet flushes and showers. Future work includes refinements to handle lower resolution data and tailored numerical solvers.
Water projects, case studies and experiencesSmartH2O
This document discusses water demand management strategies used by large water utilities. It focuses on London's water supply utility which serves 15 million customers. Key strategies discussed include demand management through technological, financial, legislative, operational and educational approaches. The document also discusses including user modeling and monitoring of water consumption at the individual consumer level to help forecast future water demand. Machine learning techniques like feature extraction, user profiling and clustering are explored to predict consumer water usage based on relevant determinants.
The SmartH2O project and the role of social computing in promoting efficient ...SmartH2O
The document discusses the SmartH2O project which aims to promote efficient residential water use through social computing. The project seeks to understand current water consumer behavior using smart meter data, incorporate behavioral data from a smart app, and create user models. It then aims to raise social awareness of water conservation through social networks and dynamic pricing schemes. A key objective is to stimulate collective behavior changes and social influences on water usage. The role of persuasive games in influencing consumer behavior is also discussed.
Smart metering, water pricing and social media to stimulate residential water...SmartH2O
The document discusses the SmartH2O project which aims to stimulate residential water efficiency through smart metering, water pricing, and social media. The project will understand current water consumption behaviors, predict how behaviors can be influenced by social awareness campaigns, dynamic water prices, and then raise consumer awareness of their habits to encourage water reduction. Smart meters will measure the impact of different policies on consumption while social networks, feedback apps, and competitive pricing schemes will engage consumers to conserve water. The project will test these approaches through case studies in the UK and Switzerland.
The document summarizes research on integrated water management of the Red-Thai Binh river system in Vietnam under changing conditions. The researchers used optimization methods to design reservoir operating policies that balance multiple objectives like hydropower production, flood control, and water supply. Climate change assessments showed vulnerabilities are amplified by operations and depend on uncertain future scenarios. Further research will introduce socio-economic factors and robust optimization to support adaptation strategy design.
The document describes a project called the Integrated Management of the Red Thai Binh river system under change (IMRR) which aims to develop strategies for sustainable management of the Red-Thai Binh River System in Vietnam. The project uses integrated water resources management, participatory planning, and modeling and optimization tools. It also involves capacity building activities like training courses. The project models the river system and reservoirs using various tools and analyzes how climate and water demand changes could impact the system and affect flood damages, water supply, and hydropower production. It explores how policies may need to adapt to different future scenarios.
Public awareness and feedback – Insights from the SmartH2O project SmartH2O
The document discusses insights from the SmartH2O project on raising public awareness and providing feedback to induce behavior change related to water consumption. It outlines two main challenges of how to present consumption information to users and motivate them to change behavior. It then describes the SmartH2O approach which includes a consumer portal with gamification elements, consumption feedback, tips, goals and rewards to engage users. Initial results from a validation study in Spain show positive user acceptance of the technology and motivation from gamification. Analysis of user activity levels and consumption data also provide early signs that the approach may help influence behaviors.
Visualizing & gamifying water & energy consumption for behavior changeIsabel Micheel
Micheel, I., Novak, J., Fraternali, P., Baroffio, G., Castelletti, A., and Rizzoli, A.-E., "Visualizing & gamifying water & energy consumption for behavior change". Paper presentation at Fostering Smart Energy Applications (FSEA) 2015 workshop at Interact2015. Bamberg, 15 Sep 2015. Workshop proceedings available here: http://it4se.informatik.fh-augsburg.de/FSEA15/proceedings.html
The paper presented in the slides considers the structural similarities in approaches and lessons learned in the development of applications for behavior change in water and energy saving. We show how the domains of water and energy are related and propose a first set of design guidelines for building such solutions, especially regarding visualization and gamification of water and/or energy consumption. We exemplify how such guidelines can be applied with the designs and prototypes of a gamified application for water saving behavior change from our SmartH2O project. Based on feedback from user and stakeholder workshops and online discussions, we discuss how the initial design guidelines synthesized from the literature have been refined. In a next step, we will validate them by deploying the implemented prototype in real- world trials with several thousand smart-metered households in the UK, Switzerland and Spain.
The work presented has come out of the SmartH2O project: EU FP7, No. 619172, 2014-2017. smarth2o- fp7.eu/
The SmartH2O project receives EU funding to develop technology for improving water efficiency through new business partnerships between water utilities and customers. The project aims to turn smart meter water consumption data into a business intelligence tool to help utilities predict demand, optimize operations, and foster sustainable customer behavior. The technology includes a gamified consumer portal, data analytics for customer segmentation and behavioral change, and serious games for customer engagement. The system has been in alpha testing and will be deployed in London, Valencia, and other locations in 2016-2017.
A CMS based Geoportal targeted to manage information related to water resource management projects, powered with a full FOSS stack. A first application of the Geoportal is on the case study of Red Thai Binh River in Vietnam.
Policy Tools to Achieve Urban Water SecurityRobert Brears
TRADITIONALLY, URBAN WATER managers, faced with increasing demand for water alongside varying levels of supplies, have relied on largescale, supply-side infrastructural
projects, such as dams and reservoirs, to meet increased demands for water. This supply-side approach, however, is under increasing pressure from climate change, rapid population and economic growth and even land-use changes impacting the availability of good quality water of sufficient quantities. To enhance urban water security, water managers are turning towards demand-side management.
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 8a “Water and the circular economy, part 3 – cities and water”
Curving the line to accelerated resource recovery: the Life Memory, INCOVER a...EIP Water
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 5 “Water and the circular economy, part 2 - agriculture”
City Blueprints update & approach February 2016EIP Water
The document discusses trends and challenges facing urban water management, including increasing urbanization, water scarcity, and climate change impacts. It summarizes initiatives to help cities improve their water services and infrastructure through sharing best practices, including the European Innovation Partnership on Water's City Blueprint program, BlueSCities, and Netwerc h2o. The document emphasizes that transitioning cities to be more water-wise requires greater financial support and more proactive rather than reactive approaches to issues.
How knowledge creation in water utilities can boost innovation in the sectorEIP Water
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 6 “Financing innovation in the water sector”
Precision irrigation that reduces energy consumptionEIP Water
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 5 “Water and the circular economy, part 2 - agriculture”
This marketing piece, produced in late 2018, showcases several success stories I gathered from various WRF subscribers, all illustrating the value of WRF research.
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 7 “The water business: Markets, opportunities and employment”
Persuasive games - concept, state of the art and issues on sustainability app...SmartH2O
This document discusses persuasive games and related concepts like serious games, gamification, and pervasive games. It summarizes several studies on persuasive games for sustainability and environmental issues. Key open problems discussed are how to treat and ensure privacy of massive data collected from players, and how to design games to guarantee long-term behavior change rather than just short-term effects. Retention techniques like casual gameplay, small investments, and frequent rewards are proposed to encourage long-term engagement.
A convex optimization approach for automated water and energy end use disaggr...SmartH2O
This document presents a convex optimization approach for automated disaggregation of water consumption data into end uses. It proposes modeling each end use as having finite operating modes and piecewise constant consumption profiles. A sparse optimization problem is formulated to minimize the fitting error between modeled and measured consumption, regularized by an L1-norm penalty to promote sparsity. Tests on electricity and water consumption data show the approach can accurately disaggregate consumption into end uses like toilet flushes and showers. Future work includes refinements to handle lower resolution data and tailored numerical solvers.
From Smart Water Meters to Demand and Customer Relationship ManagementSmartH2O
This document discusses using smart water meter data and analytics to improve demand management and customer relationships for water utilities. It describes collecting high frequency consumption data from smart meters, analyzing the data to classify customers and detect usage patterns, and developing a consumer portal with personalized tips, goals, comparisons to peers, and games to motivate more efficient water use. The system is currently being piloted with 400 households in Switzerland and will be deployed in London and Valencia in future years.
Ergebnisse aus dem SmartH2O Projekt: Kundensensibilisierung mit spielerischen...SmartH2O
1) The SmartH2O project aims to increase water consumer awareness and encourage water savings through gamified smart meter applications and incentives.
2) Initial results from a pilot with 400,000 smart meters in Valencia, Spain found that water consumption decreased for 66% of users, with an average reduction of 6.5%.
3) User feedback indicated that the gamification elements like points, badges, tips, and comparisons to others were motivating. Ongoing communication will be needed to sustain user engagement over time.
Behaviour change and incentive modelling for water saving: first results fr...SmartH2O
1) The document describes a behavior change and incentive model called SmartH2O that was developed to motivate households to save water through smart meter feedback, consumption visualizations, gamification, and rewards.
2) Preliminary results from a pilot study in Switzerland showed an average water consumption reduction of 33.8% among participants, with the highest reductions in low and medium-high consumption households. Technology acceptance results were also positive.
3) Gamification elements like badges and leaderboards showed promising early engagement from lead users, though the full impact of gamification still needs to be evaluated further. A larger validation study is planned for about 500,000 households in Valencia.
Gamification techniques can be used to encourage water conservation behaviors. The SmartH2O project applied gamification by developing a portal with points, badges, leaderboards and mobile games linked to household water usage data. Initial results from pilot tests in Switzerland and Spain found that gamification and social comparison features helped raise awareness of water consumption and motivated some users to reduce usage. However, gamification approaches may be more effective for some user types and contexts than others. Further evaluation is needed to fully understand the impacts of gamification on long-term water conservation.
Presentation by Dr. Joanna Endter-Wada, professor of policy and social science at the Quinney College of Natural Resources Department of Environment & Society, at the 2019 Central Texas Water Conservation Symposium.
The document summarizes the history and topics covered at past International Drainage Symposiums held between 1965-2022. It discusses the development of the DRAINMOD computer simulation model in 1980 to model drainage systems. It also summarizes advances in managing drainage water to improve crop production and water quality. Future research needs include improving contaminant transport models, quantifying environmental benefits, managing drainage and stormwater, and adapting drainage to climate change.
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for HousingIEREK Press
This article reports on the project "Design and development of water and gas P.L. measurement devices in the housing: an approach to sustainable consumption in Mexico", prepared at the Metropolitan Autonomous University in the Department of the Environment, whose objective was to develop a device to measure water consumption in the housing, which allows users to know their spending and can make decisions in favor of efficiency through the reduction of water use in household activities. The meter is made up of open source, programmable or reconfigurable software, which receives the signal from a water flow sensor and a casing designed to contain the hardware and facilitate the user's installation. Both the hardware and the casing can be purchased, downloaded, manufactured and assembled at home (Do It Yourself). As specific results were obtained: hardware programming and housing design and as a final result: the assembly of the functional prototype with which measurements of water consumption were made in a housing in Mexico. With this work we conclude that through the development of new accessible and common measurement technologies for the users of a house, it will be possible to promote efficiency in the use of natural resources in cities, increasing availability and promoting a more sustainable urban development.
Development of an Open-Source Water Consumption Meter for HousingIEREK Press
This article reports on the project "Design and development of water and gas P.L. measurement devices in the housing: an approach to sustainable consumption in Mexico", prepared at the Metropolitan Autonomous University in the Department of the Environment, whose objective was to develop a device to measure water consumption in the housing, which allows users to know their spending and can make decisions in favor of efficiency through the reduction of water use in household activities. The meter is made up of open source, programmable or reconfigurable software, which receives the signal from a water flow sensor and a casing designed to contain the hardware and facilitate the user's installation. Both the hardware and the casing can be purchased, downloaded, manufactured and assembled at home (Do It Yourself). As specific results were obtained: hardware programming and housing design and as a final result: the assembly of the functional prototype with which measurements of water consumption were made in a housing in Mexico. With this work we conclude that through the development of new accessible and common measurement technologies for the users of a house, it will be possible to promote efficiency in the use of natural resources in cities, increasing availability and promoting a more sustainable urban development.
This document outlines an employee training course on water conservation. The course covers topics like monitoring water usage, leak detection, reducing water pressure, water recycling and reuse, cooling water conservation, and xeriscape landscaping. The goal is to provide supervisors with tools to help conserve water through both engineering practices and changing employee behaviors. The training will help integrate good water conservation practices into daily operations.
Modeling Water Demand in Droughts (in England & Wales)Ben Anderson
This document describes an agent-based microsimulation model for estimating domestic water demand under drought conditions in the UK. The model simulates individual households and factors that influence water usage, such as household attributes, appliances, practices, pricing, and drought interventions. Preliminary results show that including drought responses can reduce total water demand by 5% compared to not including responses. Further development of the model will add more influencing factors and link it to drought forecasts to better estimate future water demand scenarios.
Non Revenue Water Reduction- A Tool for Achiving 24x7 Water SupplyIOSR Journals
The availability of water at cheaper rates promotes the wasteful use of water. People give little or no
attention towards conservation of water. For sustenance of any water supply scheme it is essential that
revenue collected should be sufficient to maintain O & M cost and further development activities. Presently
there is major portion of Non Revenue Water (NRW) in the developing countries and there is urgent need to
curb it for efficient functioning of water supply schemes
IRJET- Experimental Work by Vacuum Methodology Study on Waste WaterIRJET Journal
The document describes an experimental study on wastewater treatment using vacuum filtration methodology. The study collected wastewater from residential areas and treated it using reverse osmosis (RO) filtration to purify the water by removing contaminants. Testing showed that the RO filter was able to absorb 3-5 liters of water per hour. The treated water was then suitable for reuse applications like gardening. Vacuum filtration was used to rapidly draw the wastewater through a filter. Activated carbon filtration was also utilized to remove gases, smoke particles, bacteria, chemicals and other pollutants from the water. The treated water met purity standards for reuse after processing the wastewater through the RO filtration system.
Apwa presentation july 2013 water conservation with meter technology rev 2Jason Bethke
This document discusses how modern metering technologies can help conserve water through improved water usage data and customer engagement. It notes that water is becoming more volatile and utilities need to better understand customer water usage. Modern meters provide highly accurate usage data that can help utilities reduce non-revenue water, engage customers to reduce demand, more efficiently maintain infrastructure, and increase utility revenues. The document concludes that meter data technologies allow utilities to balance water supply and demand while increasing revenue and customer satisfaction.
IRJET- Review on Economical Water Treatment PlantIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the need for economical water treatment plants in villages in India, as many villages still do not have access to treated water.
2) It proposes a design for an economical water treatment plant that uses a natural coagulant called Polyglu. The process involves flocculation, filtration, and disinfection to purify water in a low-cost manner.
3) Review of existing literature on water treatment plant design and performance is provided, highlighting studies on optimizing conventional treatment plants, incorporating variability in plant design, and advanced treatment techniques. The conclusion is that economical water treatment options are needed to provide clean water to more villages in India and reduce waterborne diseases.
IRJET - Study About Flood Control by Underground Water Tank in Bori Gosavi Vi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using underground water tanks for flood control in Bori Gosavi Village. The study investigated using underground tanks to store flood water which can then be used for drinking water and irrigation. Key points:
1) Underground water tanks were proposed to store flood water and reduce flood impacts on the local community.
2) Stored water would be treated and used for drinking water as well as irrigation during drought periods to improve water security.
3) The methodology involved site selection, surveys, discharge calculations, population forecasting, tank and canal design, and evaluating supply of stored water for irrigation.
This document summarizes the design and development of an automatic watering system using a soil moisture sensor. The system includes a soil moisture sensor connected to an Arduino board to measure moisture levels in the soil. If the moisture drops below a threshold set by the user, the Arduino triggers a water pump to irrigate the fields. This efficient irrigation system helps farmers optimize water usage, increase crop yields, and conserve water resources by only watering when needed. The system aims to automate irrigation management and reduce human intervention in agriculture.
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1. Smart sensors and user modeling
in residential water demand management
State of the art review
Andrea Cominola, Andrea Castelletti, Matteo Giuliani
19/04/2014_MILANO
2. 2
DOMESTIC WATER END USER
User/household attributes
Age
Income level
Education level
Household composition
Water devices efficiency
Presence of garden/swimming pool
Environmental committment
3. 3
DOMESTIC WATER END USER
User/household attributes
Age
Income level
Education level
Household composition
Water devices efficiency
Presence of garden/swimming pool
Environmental committment
External drivers
Climate
Water price
Regulations
Incentives
4. 4
DOMESTIC WATER END USER
End uses
Toilet
Shower
Dishwasher
Washing machine
Garden
Swimming pool
8. 8
MEASURING WATER USE
quarterly / half yearly basis
readings
no real-time data
conventional water meters
resolution: 1 kilolitre (=1m3)
no information on time-of-day
and water using device
Ineffective support to
WATER DEMAND
MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
BILL-BASED APPROACH
9. 9
MEASURING WATER USE
BILL-BASED APPROACH
quarterly / half yearly basis
readings
no real-time data
conventional water meters
resolution: 1 kilolitre (=1m3)
no information on time-of-day
and water using device
SMART METERING
Quasi real-time data
Smart meters resolution:
72 pulses/L (=72k pulses/m3 )
Data logging resolution:
5-10 s interval
information on time-of-day
for consumption
11. 11
SMART METERS
SMART METERING TECHNOLOGIES
smart meters: one per dwelling (cost=10-100 $/piece)
pressure sensors: one per water using device
(cost= 10-50 $/piece)
14. 14
SMART METERS
STATE-OF-THE ART CASE STUDIES
2013 Nguyen, K. A., Zhang, H., &
Stewart, R. A.
Development Of An Intelligent Model To Categorise
Residential Water End Use Events. Journal of Hydro-
environment Research.
Journal of Hydro-environment
Research.
2012 Fielding, K. S., Spinks, A.,
Russell, S., McCrea, R.,
Stewart, R., & Gardner, J.
An experimental test of voluntary strategies to promote
urban water demand management.
Journal of environmental
management.
2011 Gato-Trinidad, S.,
Jayasuriya, N., & Roberts, P.
Understanding urban residential end uses of water. Water Science &
Technology, 64(1), 36-42.
2011 Willis, R. M., Stewart, R. A.,
Giurco, D. P., Talebpour, M.
R., & Mousavinejad, A.
End use water consumption in households: impact of
socio-demographic factors and efficient devices.
Journal of Cleaner Production.
2010 Beal, C.D., Stewart, R.A.,
Huang, T.
South East Queensland Residential End Use Study:
Baseline Results – Winter 2010.
Urban Water Security Research
Alliance Technical Report No. 31
2009 Willis, R., Stewart, R.A.,
Panuwatwanich, K., Capati,
B. and Giurco, D.
Gold Coast Domestic Water End Use Study AWA Water, 36(6): 84-90.
2009 Willis, R., Stewart, R.A.,
Talebpour, M.R.,
Mousavinejad, A., Jones, S.
and Giurco, D.
Revealing the impact of socio-demographic factors and
efficient devices on end use water consumption: case of
Gold Coast Australia.
Proceedings of the 5th IWA
Specialist Conference 'Efficient
2009', eds.
International Water Association
(IWA) and Australian Water
Association, Sydney, Australia.
15. 15
SMART METERS
STATE-OF-THE ART CASE STUDIES
2008 Mead, N., & Aravinthan, V. Investigation of household water consumption using
smart metering system.
Desalination and Water
Treatment,11(1-3), 115-123.
2007 Heinrich, M. Water End Use and Efficiency Project (WEEP) - Final
Report.
BRANZ Study Report
159, Branz, Judgeford, New
Zealand.
2005 Kowalski, M., Marshallsay,
D.,
Using measured micro-component data to
model the impact of water conservation strategies on
the diurnal consumption profile.
Water Science and Technology:
Water Supply 5 (3-4), 145-150.
2005 Roberts, P. Yarra Valley Water 2004 residential end use
measurement study.
Final report, June
2004.
2004 Mayer, P. W., DeOreo, W. B.,
Towler, E., Martien, L., &
Lewis, D.
Tampa water department residential water conservation
study: the impacts of high efficiency plumbing fixture
retrofits in single-family homes.
A Report Prepared for Tampa
Water Department and the United
States Environmental Protection
Agency.
2003 Loh, M. and Coghlan, P. Domestic water use study in Perth, Western Australia
1998 to 2000.
Water Corporation of Western
Australia.
1999 Mayer, P.W. and DeOreo,
W.B.
Residential End Uses of Water Aquacraft, Inc. Water
Engineeringand Management,
Boulder, CO.
16. 16
SMART METERS
# STATE-OF-THE ART CASE STUDIES_sensors
Sensor resolution (pulses/L)
Loggerresolution(s)
34.2 72*
1510
* = not specified
6
5
1
1
1
1
17. 17
SMART METERS
# STATE-OF-THE ART CASE STUDIES_sensors
Sensor resolution (pulses/L)
Loggerresolution(s)
34.2 72*
1510
* = not specified
6
5
1
1
1
1
1pulse every 0.014 L
19. 19
SMART METERS
STATE-OF-THE ART CASE STUDIES_time length
Minimum: 4 weeks
Maximum 2 years
* Kowalski and Marshally (2005) is an ongoing project in UK since 2003
21. 21
SMART METERS IN sH2O
sH2O CASE STUDY_UK
2500 meters since 2011
15 min reading interval
5 districts: 2 in London, 1 in Reading, 1 in Swindon
5000 properties
sH2O CASE STUDY_Swiss
they will be installed during the first year of sH2O
24. 24
DISAGGREGATION ALGORITHMS
HydroSense
Froehlich et al. , 2009, 2011
_ probabilistic-based classification approach
_ matching the “most likely sequence of valve events”
_ PRESSURE SENSORS: high number of sensors needed for
calibration
_ accuracy > 90%
25. 25
DISAGGREGATION ALGORITHMS
HydroSense
Froehlich et al. , 2009, 2011
_ probabilistic-based classification approach
_ matching the “most likely sequence of valve events”
_ PRESSURE SENSORS: high number of sensors needed for
calibration
_ accuracy > 90%
NOT EASILY
FEASIBLE and
ACCEPTED by
users
26. 26
DISAGGREGATION ALGORITHMS
Trace Wizard
TraceWizard, 2003.
TraceWizardWater Use AnalysisTool. Users Manual.
Aquacaft, Inc.
_user choses wich devices are used in the
house
_ flow boundaries condition must be inserted
(e.g. maximum and minimum flow)
_ need for expert analyst for high accuracy
_ only two simultaneous events can occur
27. 27
DISAGGREGATION ALGORITHMS
Trace Wizard
TraceWizard, 2003.
TraceWizardWater Use AnalysisTool. Users Manual.
Aquacaft, Inc.
_user choses wich devices are used in the
house
_ flow boundaries condition must be inserted
(e.g. maximum and minimum flow)
_ need for expert analyst for high accuracy
_ only two simultaneous events can occur
TIME AND
RESOURCES
INTENSIVE
29. 29
DISAGGREGATION ALGORITHMS
Identiflow
_similar to Trace Wizard
_ higher accuracy
_ it considers many physical features
of water using devices
(volume, flow rate, duration, etc…)
HIGH
DEPENDENCY
ON DEVICES
FEATURE
DIFFICULT TO
RECOGNISE
NEW DEVICES
31. 31
DISAGGREGATION ALGORITHMS
New algorithm proposed in Nguyen, K. A., Zhang, H., & Stewart, R. A., 2013
HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL
DYNAMIC TIME
WARPING
TIME-OF-DAY PROBABILITY
32. 32
DISAGGREGATION ALGORITHMS
New algorithm proposed in Nguyen, K. A., Zhang, H., & Stewart, R. A., 2013
HIGHER ACCURACY if compared to existing tools (Trace Wizard),
apart from some uses (irrigation, toilet)
33. 33
USER MODELING
“drivers for indoor use include household composition, presence of
water saving devices and a range of socio-economic factors”
“The success of household water demand management strategies
is dependent on how well we understand how people think about
water and water use»
(Jorgensen et al., 2009)
34. 34
USER MODELING
The aim is to
“improve the understanding of the end uses of water and to assist
where to focus water conservation efforts”
«DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES»
e.g. Gato-Trinidad, 2011
_daily usage is: 66% indoor use, 29% outdoor use, 5% leakage
_indoor use: 31% shower, 26% laundry, 19% toilet flushing, 24% others
_higher daily water consumption in summertime (also indoor)
_50% saving could be possible by using front loaders machines in spite of
top loaders
35. 35
USER MODELING
The aim is to understand the aim of variables
of the same domain on water consumption
«SINGLE VARIABLE DOMAIN STUDIES»
e.g. Fox, 2009
Univariate and multivariate analysis for “Classifying households for water demand
forecasting using physical property characteristics”
FINDINGS:
_ significant difference depending on household size (number of bedrooms),
architectural type and garden presence
_ not importan difference due to garden aspect or age
36. 36
USER MODELING
The aim is to understand the aim of variables
of different domains on water consumption
«MULTIPLE VARIABLE DOMAIN STUDIES»
e.g. Willis, 2011
_ explore relationship between stock efficiency and water end use
_ assess the influence of socio-demographic factors on water consumption
FINDINGS:
_ apart from irrigation, the lower socio-economic groups tend to use
slightly more water
_ general decrease in consumption per capita as family size increases
(apart from clothes washer and toilet)
_ combined household efficiency savings can be up to 30%
_ payback times: 2 years for showerheads, 7 years for washing machines,
21 years for RWT
37. 37
USER MODELING
The aim is to forecast residential water demand
«DEMAND FORECASTING MODELS»
e.g. Bennet, 2013
_ ANN are used to model and forecast residential water demand
FINDINGS:
_ household income, number of adults, number of children, number of teenagers,
and appliance stock efficiency regarding toilet, shower and clothes washer
end uses were the predominant determinants
41. 41
ROOM FOR IMPROVEMENT
Data transfer
faster and more immediate
Data disaggregation algorithm
less human intervention demanding
higher accuracy
resolution level?
Input selection for users profiling