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NEWATER.pptx
- 1. Presented by ARULARASI A. (2019223028) M. E. IWM, CENTRE FOR WATER RESOURCES, ANNA UNIVERSITY.
- 2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 NEWater 2 HISTORY 3 PRODUCTION 4 REFERENCE 5 7 POTABILITY 9 CONCLUSION 6 WATER QUALITY 8 APPLICATION 10 PROCEDURE
- 3. INTRODUCTION Wastewater reuse is a long-established practice used for irrigation, especially in arid countries. Reusing wastewater as part of sustainable water management allows water to remain as an alternative water source for human activities. Reclaiming water for reuse applications instead of using freshwater supplies can be a water-saving measure. This can reduce scarcity and alleviate pressures on groundwater and other natural water bodies An alternative water source, can provide significant economic, social and environmental benefits specifically, irrigation with wastewater may contribute to improve production yields, reduce the ecological footprint and promote socioeconomic benefits.
- 4. N E W a t e r NEWater is the brand name given to highly treated reclaimed wastewater produced by Singapore's Public Utilities Board. It is the process that recycles our treated used water into ultra-clean, high- grade reclaimed water, cushioning our water supply against dry weather and moving Singapore towards water sustainability The water is potable quality and is added to drinking water supply reservoirs where it is withdrawn and treated again in conventional water treatment plants before being distributed to consumers. It meets up to 40% of Singapore's current water needs. However, most of the NEWater is used by industries requiring high purity non-potable production water.
- 5. It is identified water reclamation and desalination as alternatives to reduce dependence on imported water from Malaysia Master Plan Drafted The aim was to determine if NEWater was a viable source of raw water for Singapore's needs Singapore Water Reclamation Study Introduced in NATIONAL DAY PARADE. Because of its high quality, became the supply of choice for industries' demands Newater To The Public An experimental water reclamation treatment plant was built but terminated after only one year due to costs and reliability issues. Reclamation Treatment Plant @BEDOK &KRANJI Sewage treatment plants were renamed to 'water reclamation plants' & sewage or wastewater were referred to as 'used water’. First Newater Plant 1972 1998 2003 1974 2002 HISTORY OF NEWater
- 6. PRODUCTION 1 2 3 5 4 Incorporation of reclaimed water into surface reservoirs (IPR) began in 2003 and with the success of that facility, NEWater has since added three other facilities with a combined capacity of 117 mgd. . Currently there are four operational factories in • Bedok (2002) • Kranji (2002) • Ulu Pandan (2007) • Changi (2009) . Total cost of production for each are • Bedok Factory – 59 million S$ • Kranji Factory –70 million S$ • Changi Factory –200 million S$ • Ulu Pandan Factory –130 million S$ In 2017, a new NEWater plant was launched at Changi, and is the first plant to be jointly developed by a foreign and local company. Capacity of each factories are • Bedok Factory – 18 mgd • Kranji Factory – 17 mgd • Changi Factory – 50 mgd • Ulu Pandan Factory – 32 mgd
- 7. PROCEDURE In this process, the treated used water is passed through membranes to filter out remove suspended solids, colloidal particles, disease-causing bacteria, some viruses and protozoan cysts. The filtered water after passing through the membrane contains only dissolved salts and organic molecules. In RO, a semi- permeable membrane is used. The semi-permeable membrane has very small pores which only allow very small molecules like water molecules to pass through. Consequently, filters out contaminants such as heavy metals, nitrates, chlorides, sulfates, disinfection by-products, aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides. Now it is free from viruses and bacteria and contains very low levels of salts and organic matter. At this stage, the water is of potable quality. It is a safety precaution in which UV is capable of killing both bacteria and viruses to ensure that all organisms are inactivated and the purity of the water can be guaranteed. After adding some alkaline chemicals to restore the pH balance, water is ready to use. 03 Ultraviolet Disinfection 02 Reverse Osmosis 01Microfiltration / Ultrafiltration
- 9. WATER QUALITY DATA Physical Turbidity Colour Conductivity pH Total hardness Chemical Fluoride Nitrate Sulphate Total trihalomethanes Metals Aluminium Iron Manganese Zinc Biological Total coliform bacteri Enterovirus Heterotrophic plate counts NEWater monitor for ~316 water quality parameters; Few of the known parameters are
- 10. Portfolio Presentation Global Potable Reuse Case Study 3: NEWater, Singapore (2014) A health effects testing program was conducted to investigate whether there were any associated toxicological health effects with wastewater reuse. The study was conducted on mice over a two-year period to test for chronic toxicity and carcinogenic potential. Aquarium medaka fish were also tested over two generations on potential toxic, carcinogenic and reproductive health. The results concluded that the water produced had no adverse health effects. No ongoing health studies are currently underway. Other ongoing research projects investigate the use of direct osmosis high salinity for the cleaning of RO membranes, closed circuit desalination to increase the recovery of RO brine as well as sensors to detect membrane integrity.
- 11. P O T A B I L I T Y Non-Potable Use As it is ultra-clean, NEWater is used mainly for industrial and air-con cooling purposes at wafer fabrication plants, industrial estates and commercial buildings. The biggest users of NEWater are wafer fabrication plants, which require water quality that is even more stringent than water for drinking. NEWater is delivered to industrial customers via a dedicated pipe network. Indirect Potable Use During dry periods, NEWater is added to our reservoirs to blend with raw water. The raw water from the reservoir is treated at the waterworks before it is supplied to consumers as tap water. This high-grade reclaimed water has consistently been awarded top marks for the high quality, safety and for exceeding international standards
- 12. APPLICATION power generation plants air-conditioning cooling systems of commercial and institutional complexes wafer fabrication plants blended water for domestic use electronics factories
- 13. CONCLUSION By using treated used water we can Increased water availability. Drinking water substitution - keep drinking water for drinking and reclaimed water for non- drinking use (i.e. industry, cleaning, irrigation, domestic uses, toilet flushing, etc. Reduced over-abstraction of surface and groundwater Reduced manufacturing costs of using high quality reclaimed water Increased agricultural production (i.e. crop yields) Reduced application of fertilizers (i.e. conservation of nutrients, reducing the need for artificial fertilizer (e.g. soil nutrition by the nutrients existing in the treated effluents)) Enhanced environmental protection by restoration of streams, wetlands and ponds Increased employment and local economy (e.g. tourism, agriculture). Therefore introduction of NEWater is strongly recommended in other countries especially those strive in water conservation.
- 14. REFERENCES Onyango, L., Leslie, G. and Wood, J.G. (2014). Global Potable Reuse Case Study 3: NEWater, Singapore, Australian Water Recycling Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Australia. http://www.pub.gov.sg/water/newater/Pages/default.aspx Singapore Water Reclamation Study (http://www.pub.gov.sg/water/newater/NEWaterOverview/Documents/review.pdf) NEWater in Singapore, 2018, https://globalwaterforum.org/2018/01/15/newater-in- singapore/ Singapore infopedia, https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1555_2009-08- 11.html?s=Law%20and%20government%3E%3EEnvironmental%20protection / PUB, Singapore’s National Water Agency, https://www.pub.gov.sg/watersupply/fournationaltaps/newater "Fact Sheet – NEWater in Singapore" (PDF). Legislative Council of Hong Kong. Research Office, Information Services Division, Legislative Council Secretariat. 26 February 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
- 15. Thank You