The document discusses insights from the SmartH2O project on raising public awareness and providing feedback to induce behavior change related to water consumption. It outlines two main challenges of how to present consumption information to users and motivate them to change behavior. It then describes the SmartH2O approach which includes a consumer portal with gamification elements, consumption feedback, tips, goals and rewards to engage users. Initial results from a validation study in Spain show positive user acceptance of the technology and motivation from gamification. Analysis of user activity levels and consumption data also provide early signs that the approach may help influence behaviors.

1. Isabel Micheel | European Institute for Participatory Media, Berlin
Public awareness and feedback –
Insights from the SmartH2O project

2. University of Bremen | Aalborg University Copenhagen | Hasso-Plattner Institute Potsdam
2
Isabel Micheel | i.micheel@eipcm.org
Public awareness and feedback
Researcher in User-Centered Design

3. • The problem
©
2013
Politecnico
di
Milano,
Piero
Fraternali
3
UK_WATER SUPPLY UTILITY
15 million customers
2.6 Gl/day drinking water
3 billion $ revenue (2013-14)
Public awareness and feedback
Water demand management:
a case study

4. ©
2013
Politecnico
di
Milano,
Piero
Fraternali
4
DEMAND MANAGEMENT
CAPACITY EXPANSION
2010 2040
Gamification for water utilities
Water demand management:
a case study

5. Two main challenges
• How to present consumption information and convey its
meaning to users?
increase awareness
• How to enable and motivate consumers to change their
consumption?
induce & sustain behavior change
Visualizing & gamifying water & energy consumption for behavior change FSEA 2015
visualization
actionable tips gamification
disaggregation
comparison
5
Public awareness and feedback

6. Grant agreement no.: 619172
http://www.smarth2o-fp7.eu/
@smartH2Oproject
Raising awareness to induce behaviour
change in the SmartH2O project

7. 7
Data
acquisi*on
(smart
meter)
Consump*on
data
repository
• Privacy
• Security
Engagement
&
Behavior
Change
• RecommendaAons
• Goals,
Achievements,
Rewards
Water
data
analy*cs
• End
use
disaggregaAon
• ConsumpAon
paJerns
detecAon
User
modeling
• Household
features
• Clustering
• Demand
predicAon
and
simulaAon
• Digital+real
games
• Personalized
Aps
Consumer
Portal
• Awareness
• Feedback
7
Public awareness and feedback

8. • User
needs
&
requirements
were
elicited
following
an
iteraAve
human-­‐centered
design
approach
[ISO
13497
(ISO
1999)]
Requirements
specificaAon
User
pull
Technology
push
Formulating requirements
based on user needs and
technical feasibility
Identification / Validation of
requirements with end-users
Mapping user needs on
SmartH2O innovations
Sessions
with
technical
partners
Requirements
workshops
with
water
consumers
and
suppliers
Mockups
and
user
stories
explain
and
visualize
the
concept
Tegna,
CH
InteracAon
with
TWUL
in
Reading,
UK
Collecting user feedback to elicit requirements

9. Monitoring
sustain
behaviour
AcAon
change
behaviour
ContemplaAon
form
opinion
Pre-­‐
contemplaAon
unaware
Changing
water
consump*on
behaviour
is
perceived
as
a
mul*stage
process
Different
stages,
different
needs,
different
incen*ves
Transtheore*cal
model
of
behavioural
change
(Prochaska
&
Di
Declemente,
1992)
Changing household water behaviour
Visualizing & gamifying water & energy consumption for behavior change FSEA 2015Public awareness and feedback

10. Water
consumpAon
feedback
AcAonable
Aps
AcAonable
Aps
Virtual,
social,
physical
rewards
Self-­‐set
goals
Hybrid
online
and
card
games
Incentive model
Visualizing & gamifying water & energy consumption for behavior change FSEA 2015Public awareness and feedback
Monitoring
sustain
behaviour
AcAon
change
behaviour
ContemplaAon
form
opinion
Pre-­‐
contemplaAon
unaware

11. SmartH2O portal
11
Public awareness and feedback
• Gamified
• Water
consumpAon
feedback
&
goals
• AcAonable
Aps
• User
acAons
earn
points,
badges
and
rewards
• Household
Profile
• Leaderboard

12. 12
Public awareness and feedback
AcAonable
Aps
Virtual,
social,
physical
rewards
Self-­‐set
goals
Water
consumpAon
feedback

13. First feedback & results from SmartH2O validation
13
Public awareness and feedback
Novak,
J.,
Melenhorst,
M.,
Micheel,
I.,
Pasini,
C.,
Fraternali,
P.,
Rizzoli,
A.-­‐E.,
2016.
Behaviour
change
and
incenAve
modelling
for
water
saving:
first
results
from
the
SmartH2O
project,
Proc.
of
iEMSS
2016
–
8th
InternaAonal
Congress
on
Environmental
Modelling
and
Sojware,
Toulouse.
Vol.
3,
pp.
776
hJp://www.iemss.org/sites/iemss2016/vol3.php

14. LOCARNO | CH
~400 smart water meters installed
VALENCIA | ES
~490,000 smart water meters installed
Two
real-­‐world
deployments
of
the
SmartH2O
plaJorm
• Swiss
case
study
(Tegna):
small-­‐scale
valida*on
• tesAng
and
tuning
of
the
incenAve
model
and
gamificaAon
techniques
• tesAng
the
measurement
infrastructure,
system
and
user
acceptance
• Spanish
case
study
(Valencia):
large-­‐scale
valida*on
• full-­‐scale
operaAonal
roll-­‐out
of
a
new
EMIVASA
customer
service
• validaAon
of
SmartH2O
real-­‐world
impact
in
water
saving
Validation: two case studies
14
Public awareness and feedback

15. Behavioural
intenAon
Altudes
Social
norm
Confidence
in
own
capability
Social
awareness
app
Awareness
Behaviour
• Technology
acceptance
on
portal
level
and
use-­‐case
level
• Behaviour
on
the
portal
Beliefs
Measurements:
Measurements:
Measurements:
OperaAonalizaAon
of
awareness:
water
consumpAon
determinants
(Theory
of
Planned
Behaviour)
Comparison
of
smart
meter
readings
against
baseline
Validation: approach
15
Public awareness and feedback

16. Spanish case study:
First results
16
Public awareness and feedback
Performance
expectancy:
I
find
the
SmartH2O
portal
useful
in
my
daily
life
Altude
towards
technology:
Using
the
SmartH2O
portal
makes
water
conservaAon
more
interesAng.
Effort
expectancy:
Using
the
SmartH2O
portal
makes
it
easier
to
learn
how
to
save
water.
CollecAng
points
by
saving
water
moAvates
me
to
use
the
portal
Posi*ve
technology
acceptance
results
(UTAUT)
Posi*ve
towards
gamifica*on
–
344
users,
295
awareness
baseline
(87%
response
rate)
–
204
control
group
parAcipants
–
Intermediate
online
feedback
from
users:
32
parAcipants
(9%
response
rate)

17. Spanish case study:
First results
17
Public awareness and feedback
Ac*vity
analysis
(18.4.-­‐28.8.2016)
21#
27#
9#
5#
39#
18#
27# 27#
22#
18#
13#
21#
18#
15#
28#
19#
8#
1# 1#
10# 10#
2# 2#
5#
1# 1#
0#
5#
10#
15#
20#
25#
30#
35#
40#
45#
<2000#2000,2999#3000,3999#4000,4999#5000,9999#
10000,14999#
15000,19999#
20000,24999#
25000,29999#
30000,34999#
35000,39999#
40000,44999#
45000,49999#
50000,54999#
55000,59999#
60000,64999#
65000,69999#
70000,74999#
75000,79999#
80000,99999#
100000,119999#
120000,139999#
140000,159999#
160000,179999#
180000,199999#
200000,220000#
No.$of$users$
No.$of$points$
Underachievers#(1000#p.#interval,#N=62,#16,85%)# AcDve#users,#eligible#for#Drop!#(5'000#p.#interval,#N=275,#74,73%)# Overachievers#(20'000#p.#interval,#N=31,#8,42%)#
5,66$
8,71$
3,05$ 3,01$
4,43$
8,21$
3,15$
9,03$
4,00$
12,93$
1,94$
0$
5$
10$
15$
20$
25$
30$
35$
40$
45$
50$
No.$of$logins$ Total$views$
cons.$chart$
(incl.$logins)$
Returning$to$
consumpEon$
chart$
Views$
overview$
visualizaEon$
Views$Tips$
Page$
Views$
Leaderboard$
Views$Profile$ Open$
GamificaEon$
Panel$
Views$
Rewards$Page$
No.$Of$Tips$
Read$
No.$Of$Videos$
Watched$
Average'portal'interac/ons'
Average'portal'interac/ons'p.'user'(368'users)'

18. Consump*on
class
No.
of
users
Average
reduc*on
Low
10
41.2%
Medium-­‐low
22
26.9%
Medium-­‐high
10
41.2%
High
1
21.2%
Overall
43
33.8%
Seasonal
influences
account
for
25-­‐30%
of
the
reducAon
Preliminary
results
in
water
consump*on
reduc*on
First
results
of
portal
with
visualisaAons
and
Aps,
but
without
gamificaAon
Swiss case study:
First results
18
Public awareness and feedback
Average
reducAon
over
3
month
period
(1
Nov
2015
to
6
Feb
2016)
vs.
baseline
(readings
start
-­‐
Oct
31
2015)

19. Conclusions:
• Gamified
incenAve
model
was
constructed
based
on
behavioural
psychology
• User
feedback
is
being
collected
at
different
stages
• Awareness
and
behaviour
change
are
being
measured
• IniAal
promising
findings
in
both
case
studies
Next
steps:
• New
releases:
Mobile
app,
Neighbourhood
comparison,
weekly
digest,
Social
sharing
features
• Final
large
scale
validaAon
in
Valencia,
supported
by
new
promoAon
campaigns
to
recruit
users
• Transfer
of
results
into
different
domains
and
projects,
including
energy:
– POWER
project
– enCOMPASS
project
Wrap-up
http://www.smarth2o-fp7.eu/
@smartH2Oproject
i.micheel@eipcm.org

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