Google and IPv6: Steinar H. Gunderson, Software engineer, Google IKT-Norge IPv6 forum IPV6 konferanse 23 & 24 mai 2011

1. Google and IPv6
A content provider's perspective
Steinar H. Gunderson
Senior Software Engineer
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2. IPv4 is running out
• We've said it for years, but now it's actually happening
 APNIC: April 2011
 RIPE: July 2012? September 2011?
• “Just reclaim unused address space”
 Not so easy, sorry
• “But NAT will save us!”
 We're in this situation despite NAT everywhere
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3. Carrier Grade NAT / Large Scale NAT (CGN/LSN)
• From this…
192.0.2.2 192.0.2.3
10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3
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4. Carrier Grade NAT / Large Scale NAT (CGN/LSN)
• …to this
10.1.0.2 10.1.0.3
10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.3
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5. Large Scale NAT (cont.)
• Bad for ISPs
 Expensive
 Complex
• Bad for consumers
 Multi-hop NAT ⇒ no working UPnP
 Will BitTorrent work? Skype?
• Bad for content providers
 Breaks assumption “one IP = one residential unit”
 …geolocation will get harder
 …abuse will get harder (blacklist one IP, block 100 users?)
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6. Large Scale NAT (cont.)
However, at this point LSN is pretty much inevitable
But IPv6 will help us restrict the pain to the long tail
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7. Google and IPv6
A brief history
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8. July 2007: First beginnings
• IPv6 at Google started as a 20% project
 No mandate from above
• You don't need to do everything at once
• …but you need to do it properly!
 Please don't break your users
 Please don't spread the impression that “IPv6 is unreliable” (it isn't)
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9. March 2008: ipv6.google.com
• ipv6.google.com: IPv6-enabled load balancer
 Everything else was IPv4
 Yet, effect from day one
• 6PE mesh
• Work your way in from the outside
 And then iterate
 Fold IPv6 into your normal upgrade cycles
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10. January 2009: Google over IPv6
• We can't turn on www.google.com AAAA to everybody
 Would break ~0.03% of users (May 2011 numbers; more in 2009)
 Side note: Norway is somewhat better (thanks, Tore)
• But we can turn it on for some users
 Maintain whitelist of networks with good IPv6 connectivity to us
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11. August 2009: IPv6 on Android
• Support IPv6 on 802.11 interface since Android 2.1 (Eclair)
 Now part of Android conformance tests
• Relatively wide application support
 Browser, sync, Maps…
• Not quite ready for IPv4 crash yet, but getting there
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12. February 2010: YouTube over IPv6
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13. …and more
• March 2010: Fully dual-stacked backbone
 Remember: Started around January 2008
• June 2010: Crawling IPv6-only web sites
• Unknown future point: All services over IPv6
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14. World IPv6 day
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15. World IPv6 day: Basic idea
• Google over IPv6 has drawn lots of enthusiasm
 ~100 participating organizations
 ~75% of the native IPv6 Internet
• …but limited scaling potential
• World IPv6 day is June 8th, 2011 (0000–2359 UTC)
 ISOC-sponsored event
 Turn on IPv6 for everybody, for one day only
• So far: 220+ participating organizations!
 Google, Facebook, Yahoo!, Akamai, Limelight…
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16. Want to join?
• Content providers: Excellent opportunity to test your systems
 Dual-stack your web site for the day, register on the w6d site
 Experience: Tends to build lots of enthusiasm
 But please don't deploy non-production quality IPv6 just for one day
• ISPs: Point your users to test-ipv6.com
• Of course, feel free to keep it on afterwards if there were no problems
 VG, APDM, Heise: Anticlimax
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17. Summary
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18. Questions?
sesse@google.com
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