Today's Internet faces severe challenges including:
* IPv4 address exhaustion
* explosion of BGP tables and IP routing tables
* exponential traffic growth (which might not be a problem after all)
This is an introduction about 6RD, a protocol to transport IPv6 in IPv4 invented by Remi Despres. It is the protocol for SPs who want to provide access to their customers over an IPv4 Internal Backbone.
It is actually 6to4 protocol customized for Service Providers with a configurable prefix.
It has been deployed in 2007 by Free, a French SP and has proven its scalability and its reliability.
It is supported by CISCO in IOS and in other devices like ASR1K for the BR and in more and more cheap CPE for access as well as Linux.
For a full overview of all the principle Transition Protocols, please refer to this blog:
http://www.fastlaneus.com/blog/?p=335
And this video:
http://youtu.be/TqmKCqYsk5A
And a Video of this presentation is currently uploading on youtubes:
http://youtu.be/PrnFWgqlhj0
Fred Bovy
IPv6 Forum Gold Certified Engineer
IPv6 Forum Gold Certified Trainer
CISCO 15 years CCIE #3013
CISCO 18 years CCSI #33517 (before was #95003) Meet me on
Twitter: FredBovy Skype: FredericBovy Blog: http://www.fastlaneus.com/blog Email: fred.bovy@fastlaneus.com,
fred@fredbovy.com
May 13, 2013, Swiss IPv6 Council Member Event.
The Impact of IPv6 to Net Politics
CGN Killer IPv6
- Why CGN isn't a good concept for the future, but IPv6 is.
464XLAT Tutorial, by Masataka Mawatari.
Presented at the APNIC 40 "Hypes? Fanfares? Fads? Wading through the muddy IPv6 puddle" session, Wed 9 Sep 2015.
IPv6 is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), and was developed by IETF to overcome the inevitable exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. In order to simplify the transition towards IPv6, the protocol iterated very little on how IPv4 operates other than offering more address space. This inadvertently produced the exact opposite of the intended effect: with no compelling new features for anyone outside of network engineering, IPv6 deployment has been hampered for decades, as developers find increasingly creative ways of efficiently using IPv4 address space rather than bearing the cost of transition.
In this talk, Fastly Network Engineer João Taveira discusses these protocol design failures and instead explain how Fastly re-architected its infrastructure around IPv6. By addressing IPv6 in a clean-slate manner, Fastly avoided perpetuating many of the mistakes of IPv4, and the resulting network architecture has the potential to significantly affect the performance, resilience, and economics of content delivery.
This is an introduction about 6RD, a protocol to transport IPv6 in IPv4 invented by Remi Despres. It is the protocol for SPs who want to provide access to their customers over an IPv4 Internal Backbone.
It is actually 6to4 protocol customized for Service Providers with a configurable prefix.
It has been deployed in 2007 by Free, a French SP and has proven its scalability and its reliability.
It is supported by CISCO in IOS and in other devices like ASR1K for the BR and in more and more cheap CPE for access as well as Linux.
For a full overview of all the principle Transition Protocols, please refer to this blog:
http://www.fastlaneus.com/blog/?p=335
And this video:
http://youtu.be/TqmKCqYsk5A
And a Video of this presentation is currently uploading on youtubes:
http://youtu.be/PrnFWgqlhj0
Fred Bovy
IPv6 Forum Gold Certified Engineer
IPv6 Forum Gold Certified Trainer
CISCO 15 years CCIE #3013
CISCO 18 years CCSI #33517 (before was #95003) Meet me on
Twitter: FredBovy Skype: FredericBovy Blog: http://www.fastlaneus.com/blog Email: fred.bovy@fastlaneus.com,
fred@fredbovy.com
May 13, 2013, Swiss IPv6 Council Member Event.
The Impact of IPv6 to Net Politics
CGN Killer IPv6
- Why CGN isn't a good concept for the future, but IPv6 is.
464XLAT Tutorial, by Masataka Mawatari.
Presented at the APNIC 40 "Hypes? Fanfares? Fads? Wading through the muddy IPv6 puddle" session, Wed 9 Sep 2015.
IPv6 is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), and was developed by IETF to overcome the inevitable exhaustion of IPv4 addresses. In order to simplify the transition towards IPv6, the protocol iterated very little on how IPv4 operates other than offering more address space. This inadvertently produced the exact opposite of the intended effect: with no compelling new features for anyone outside of network engineering, IPv6 deployment has been hampered for decades, as developers find increasingly creative ways of efficiently using IPv4 address space rather than bearing the cost of transition.
In this talk, Fastly Network Engineer João Taveira discusses these protocol design failures and instead explain how Fastly re-architected its infrastructure around IPv6. By addressing IPv6 in a clean-slate manner, Fastly avoided perpetuating many of the mistakes of IPv4, and the resulting network architecture has the potential to significantly affect the performance, resilience, and economics of content delivery.
You may have hoped to retire before IPv6 became a reality, but unfortunately the IPv4 address exhaustion came too fast. For the rest of us, we’re going to bite off a small piece of the 15-year old IPv6 pie and talk about how to get started!
• Address format refresher
• IPv4 and IPv6 protocol comparison
• IPv6 neighbor discovery and auto-configuration
• Current migration and coexistence strategies
• ICMPv6, DHCPv6, and DNSv6
• How to get started at home
CommunicAsia 2017: IPv6 deployment architecture for IoTAPNIC
APNIC Training and Technical Assistance Manager Nurul Islam discusses the design options for IPv6 in a broadband access network and the impact that IoT will have on this in order to support future growth at CommunicAsia 2017.
"CHT IPv6 Measurement and Deployment" by Chia-Wei Tseng.
A presentation given at the APNIC 40 IPv6 Readiness Measurement BoF and APIPv6TF sessions on Wed 9 Sep 2015.
Pv6 Tutorial for Beginners - Learn IPv6 (Internet protocol Version-6) in simple and easy steps. A beginner's tutorial containing complete knowledge of IPv6, IPv6 Features,
IPv6 deployment architecture for broadband access networksAPNIC
At CommunicAsia 2016, Training and Technical Assistance Manager Nurul Islam discussed the design option for IPv6 in a broadband access network and the impact that IoT will have on this in order to support future growth.
IPv6 Success Stories– Network Operators Tell All!
Asela Galappattige (Sri Lanka Telecom); Senevi Herath (LEARN); Patrick Okui (Network Startup Resource Center); Matsuzaki Yoshinobu (IIJ)
In this session, we invite network operators to share their IPv6 success stories and lessons learned along the way that can help other managers of networks deploy IPv6. How did they do it? What technical, organizational, and political challenges did they face? Attendees will gain vital insight as network operators lay out the stages for IPv6 implementation—creating the business case for management buy-in, initiating a planning process, flipping the switch, and, finally, gathering measurements and proving success.
The Internet industry is undergoing a fundamental change as it transitions from IPv4 to IPv6. These slides are from the May 2011 webcast which provided an introduction to IPv6, covering the various issues and concerns about this new protocol, as well as the opportunities it offers.
The webcast featured Limor Schafman and Dale Geesey, IPv6 experts, discussing what IPv6 is, why it’s different, its advantages, the transition period from IPv4 and how organizations should start preparing.
You can view the webcast on the Commtouch Slideshare page.
You may have hoped to retire before IPv6 became a reality, but unfortunately the IPv4 address exhaustion came too fast. For the rest of us, we’re going to bite off a small piece of the 15-year old IPv6 pie and talk about how to get started!
• Address format refresher
• IPv4 and IPv6 protocol comparison
• IPv6 neighbor discovery and auto-configuration
• Current migration and coexistence strategies
• ICMPv6, DHCPv6, and DNSv6
• How to get started at home
CommunicAsia 2017: IPv6 deployment architecture for IoTAPNIC
APNIC Training and Technical Assistance Manager Nurul Islam discusses the design options for IPv6 in a broadband access network and the impact that IoT will have on this in order to support future growth at CommunicAsia 2017.
"CHT IPv6 Measurement and Deployment" by Chia-Wei Tseng.
A presentation given at the APNIC 40 IPv6 Readiness Measurement BoF and APIPv6TF sessions on Wed 9 Sep 2015.
Pv6 Tutorial for Beginners - Learn IPv6 (Internet protocol Version-6) in simple and easy steps. A beginner's tutorial containing complete knowledge of IPv6, IPv6 Features,
IPv6 deployment architecture for broadband access networksAPNIC
At CommunicAsia 2016, Training and Technical Assistance Manager Nurul Islam discussed the design option for IPv6 in a broadband access network and the impact that IoT will have on this in order to support future growth.
IPv6 Success Stories– Network Operators Tell All!
Asela Galappattige (Sri Lanka Telecom); Senevi Herath (LEARN); Patrick Okui (Network Startup Resource Center); Matsuzaki Yoshinobu (IIJ)
In this session, we invite network operators to share their IPv6 success stories and lessons learned along the way that can help other managers of networks deploy IPv6. How did they do it? What technical, organizational, and political challenges did they face? Attendees will gain vital insight as network operators lay out the stages for IPv6 implementation—creating the business case for management buy-in, initiating a planning process, flipping the switch, and, finally, gathering measurements and proving success.
The Internet industry is undergoing a fundamental change as it transitions from IPv4 to IPv6. These slides are from the May 2011 webcast which provided an introduction to IPv6, covering the various issues and concerns about this new protocol, as well as the opportunities it offers.
The webcast featured Limor Schafman and Dale Geesey, IPv6 experts, discussing what IPv6 is, why it’s different, its advantages, the transition period from IPv4 and how organizations should start preparing.
You can view the webcast on the Commtouch Slideshare page.
BGP: Whats so special about the number 512?GeoffHuston
It was reported that parts of the Internet crashed when the number of routes in the Internet's Inter-domain routing table (BGP) exceeded 512K routes. This presentation looks at the growth of the Internet's routing table and how this correlates to the capacity and speed of memory in hardware routers.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
5. IPv4-only NAT options CPE CPE Baseline:NAT44 RFC1918 IPv4 ProviderPrivate IPv4 Internet IPv4 Internet IPv4 Internet Walled garden NAT44 IPv4 RFC1918 LSN CGN/LSN NAT444 RFC1918 LSN
6. NAT options: DS-Lite or A+P CPE B4 DS-Lite RFC1918 AFTR IPv4 Internet IPv4 Internet IPv6 IPv6 A+P RFC1918 AFTR DS-Lite: B4 is a smart bridge AFTR does NAT44 A+P: B4 is a NAT CPE AFTR allocates IP address + port range to B4
7. NAT-less IPv4 4ever AFTR IPv4 Internet IPv6 A+P on the host Native IPv6 for transport only Tunnel from host to AFTR ~ 100x increase in address utilization No need for public IPv6 deployment ... until we colonize the solar system
19. IPv6 adoption: the unpleasant reality IPv6 adoption [%] IPv6-onlyclients? NAT and RFC 1918 IPv6 pilots Time [years] Early adopters 15 yearswasted IPv4 addressexhaustion
20. Enterprise customer connectivity IPv6 customer IPv4+IPv6/MPLS core Easy deployment: IPv6 edge is on the PE routers (no IPv6 support needed on access switches) IPv6 over MPLS (6PE) or native IPv6 in the core IPv6 over MPLS/VPN (6VPE) for L3 VPN services Caveats: Native IPv6 switching performance (PE routers or the whole core) Packet filters Keep IPv4 in the SP management plane
21. Content hosting IPv6 core ? ? ? Various levels of IPv6 support on: Network-level firewalls Web application firewalls Load balancers Additional issues: Coping with partial IPv6 connectivity Application issues: Legacy operating systems and web servers? Incoming IPv6 session support? IP address handling in logs and back-end databases?
22. Residential (consumer) Internet ? ? ? IPv4+IPv6/MPLS core ? ? ? ? Common issues: IPv6 support in CPE equipment IPv6 multicast support IPv6 on 3play devices IPv6-to-IPv4 translation Consumer awareness Legacy operating systems Mobile networks Only Nokia is IPv6-ready DSL issues IPv6CP support on CPE devices Carrier Ethernet issues DHCPv6 support on CPE devices DHCPv6 and RA guard on the switches
23. Routing Table Explosion Main caveats: Careless/clueless Service Providers Multihoming Traffic engineering IPv4 address space fragmentation Why is it bad? CRS/GSR/7600 memory is expensive High-end devices & TCAM not on Moore Law curve BGP no longer reaches steady-state
26. Multihoming Upstream ISP #1 Customer AS PI PI prefix Commercial reasons Cheapest way to redundancy Offload your costs to the community No pollution tax Technical reasons Broken protocol stack Broken socket API IPv6 is not a solution(yet another urban legend) Upstream ISP #2 PI
27. Broken protocol stack Application Application Application DNS Presentation Session Transport Transport TCP UDP Network Internet IPv4 IPv6 Data-link Link layer Other people’s problems Physical ISO/OSI IETF IETF implementation Session layer is missing Application sessions established between IP addresses DNS is an optional add-on application
28. Broken Socket API conn = Network.Connect("example.com","http") TBD Ideal conn = new Socket("example.com",80) Java OK memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints)); hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC; hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; error = getaddrinfo("example.com", "http", &hints, &res0); if (error) { errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(error)); } s = -1; for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) { s = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype, res->ai_protocol); if (s < 0) { cause = "socket"; continue; } if (connect(s, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) < 0) { cause = "connect"; close(s); s = -1; continue; } break; /* okay we got one */ } if (s < 0) { err(1, "%s", cause); } Socket API Broken
29. Proposed fixes SCTP New transport protocol Supports multihoming & streams LISP Global directory-driven mGRE/NHRP-like solution shim6 Add-on for TCP over IPv6 HIP Replaces IP address with signed host identifiers Application SCTP HIP TCP UDP shim6 IPv4 IPv6 LISP Other people’s problems IETF implementation
30. IPv6 will make matters worse IPv6 does not solve multihoming/TE issues Even more PI prefixes than in IPv4 Each prefix requires 4x more memory RS_AS6730>show ipbgp summary | include memory 327801 network entries using 33107901 bytes of memory 964287 path entries using 46285776 bytes of memory 98182 BGP path attribute entries using 5498864 bytes of memory 226 BGP rrinfo entries using 5424 bytes of memory 62132 BGP AS-PATH entries using 1583924 bytes of memory 52 BGP community entries using 1526 bytes of memory 203729 BGP route-map cache entries using 6519328 bytes of memory 0 BGP filter-list cache entries using 0 bytes of memory BGP using 93002743 total bytes of memory RS_AS6730>show proc mem | include Process|BGP PID TTY Allocated Freed Holding GetbufsRetbufs Process 119 0 4287871096 23691312 213522288 0 0 BGP Router 120 0 14954976 0 6856 0 0 BGP I/O 121 0 23432 1550080 32680 0 0 BGP Scanner
31. Traffic explosion – is it a problem? Facts HDTV over access networks is a reality Proven technology is available It’s just a commercial question Considerations How much bandwidth do we really need? What’s the killer application? Source: monitoring of 20 Mbps residential Internet link Long-term average: 170 kbps
32. More information Webinars: http://www.ioshints.info Market trends in Service Provider networks Enterprise IPv6 deployment Presentations: http://www.slideshare.net/ioshints NAT64 and DNS64 in 30 minutes Blog posts: http://blog.ioshints.info Articles: Ivan Pepelnjak on SearchTelecom @ ioshints.info
