50 billion connected wireless devices... IPv6, anyone?: Fredrik Garneij, Systems Manager, Ericsson IKT-Norge IPv6 forum IPV6 konferanse 23 & 24 mai 2011

1. If it is the humans that are in the way then we will terminate them!
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 1 (3)

2. …some comments on previous discussions

3. The value of IPv4 addresses
› What happens when a company finds 0,4 Billion Euro?
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 3 (3)

4. Finally we have found the IPv6 killer
application !!!!!!!!!
› And the winner is..........
It is killing IPv6 deployment!!!!
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 4 (3)

5. WE ARE THE BORG
ALL YOUR IPv4 HARDWARE
AND SOFTWARE WILL BE
ASSIMILATED AND MADE
IPv6 CAPABLE
RESISTANCE IS FUTILE
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 5 (3)

6. …and speaking of the collective and IPv6
deployment.
A community is like a ship; everyone ought to be prepared to
take the helm.
Henrik Ibsen
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 6 (3)

7. 50 billion connected devices
by 2020. IPv6 anyone?
Fredrik Garneij, Ericsson
Finding the smoking gun

8. The evolution of IP
IP has an evolution path, lets not jump ahead. There will be
branches for sure, some will die and some will live on, time
will tell....
....so what to do to remain a surviver.
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 8 (3)

9. IP and Mobile Network evolution -
Two events converging in time
IPv6
RFC2460 - (1998)
IPv4 2128 addresses
RFC675 - (1974) RFC791 - (1981)
28 Host addresses 232 addresses
24 Net addresses
IMP
RFC 1 - 1969
25 address
GPRS EPC
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 9 (3)

10. A Vision
50 billion connected devices by
year 2020
IPv6 Transition is the ONLY path … towards 50B connections
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 10 (3)

11. Ericsson Global 3G IPv6 access http://youtube.com/IPv6guy
Mona Lisa Musée du Louvre
Great Barrier Reef
San Francisco Cable Car Snowmobile Swedish mountains
A thousand words will not leave so deep an impression as one deed.
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 11 (3) Henrik Ibsen

12. Obviously we can do IPv6! Yes wE(///) can!
Questions we need to ask ourselves:
› Why IPv6 for 50B?
› Is the 3GPP IPv6 architecture ready
for 50B and beyond?
› Do we have a IP migration strategy
with an acceptable exit strategy?
Obama stealing from Bob the Builder!
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 12 (3)

13. … wait a minute!
What about 50B and IPv4…
Folks, 2^32 = 4 294 967 296 is less than 50B
No problemo,
we have NATs!
i·ro·ny
[ahy-ruh-nee]
1 the use of words to convey a meaning that is
the opposite of its literal meaning: the irony of
her reply, How nice! when I said I had to work
all weekend.
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 13 (3)

14. ..eventually the Nanobots bites the dust…
Everything has an ending, every ending is a new beginning…
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 14 (3)

15. Why IPv6 for 50B?

16. Why IPv6 for 50B?
› More IP addresses – Restoring end2end to internet
– For billions of new devices (mobile phones, cars, appliances, sensors…)
– For billions of new users (China, India, Africa,…)
– Always-on access (mobile, cable, xDSL, Ethernet-to-the-home,…)
– For applications that are difficult, expensive or impossible to operate
through NATs (IP telephony, peer-to-peer gaming, home servers,…)
› Easier security
– End2end connectivity enables easy IPsec authentication, authorization and
encryption.
Remember: Security is a moving target
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 16 (3)

17. Is the 3GPP IPv6 architecture
ready for 50B and beyond?

18. Mobile Packet Networks explained the
Techie way....
Supports
IPv4, IPv6
or Dual
Stack Appl.
Terminal Server
Uu S1-U S5/S8 SGi
Appl Appl
TCP/UDP TCP/UDP
IP IP IP
PDCP PDCP GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U
RLC RLC UDP UDP UDP UDP L2 L2
MAC MAC IP IP IP IP
L1 L1 L2/L1 L2/L1 L2/L1 L2/L1 L1 L1
UE eNodeB S-GW PDN-GW
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 18 (3)

19. ...and explained the seven-year-old way
Mobile network core Transport IP packet
Encapsulated User Payload IP packet
GTP-U / UDP Encapsulation headers
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 19 (3)

20. Upcoming 3GPP Standardization for m2m
› IMS architecture was once IPv6-only. Why?
– Huge # of terminals
– End2end communications model using SIP
› Is m2m any different?
– Can the industry agree that IPv6 is the baseline IP version for m2m
and not go through the pain of IMS IP version interworking again?
– Can we skip NATs? Hey, it s a new time, new place……
IPv6 Address Space IPv6 Address Space
UE used for MTC
MTC MNO Server
From 3GPP CR S2-112741
NOTE: IPv6 based addressing for both UEs used for MTC and
MTC Servers is considered the primary addressing solution and
is preferred to ensure future proof and scalable deployments.
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 20 (3)

21. 50B Keep-Alives

22. Lets look at the buzzword IP Agnostic
IP Agnostic does not mean you can be IP version Arrogant
nor IP version Ignorant
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 22 (3)

23. DAMN those Keep-Alives!
Haven t you heard, NATs are gone!
(hopefully, at least some, and oh, I forgot about in-path firewalls, pcp anyone?)
Toto, I ve got a feeling we re not in NAT44-land anymore…
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 23 (3)

24. Example: When an application does this…
Application sends Keep-alive
Service
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 24 (3)

25. …the packet core at first does this…
3GPP TS 23.401: UE triggered Service Request procedure
UE eNodeB MME Serving GW PDN GW PCRF HSS
1. NAS: Service Request
2. NAS: Service Request
3. Authentication/Security
4. S1-AP: Initial Context Setup Request
5. Radio Bearer Establishment
6. Uplink Data
7. S1-AP: Initial Context Setup Complete
8. Modify Bearer Request
9. Modify Bearer Request
10. PCEF Initiated IP-CAN
X 50B
Session Modification
(A)
11. Modify Bearer Response
12. Modify Bearer Response
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 25 (3)

26. ...and then after a while when done, this…
3GPP TS 23.401: S1 Release procedure
UE eNodeB MME Serving GW
1. S1-AP: S1 UE Context Release Request
2. Release Access Bearers Request
3. Release Access Bearers Response
4. S1-AP: S1 UE Context Release Command
5. RRC Connection Release
6. S1-AP: S1 UE Context Release Complete
X 50B
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 26 (3)

27. 50B behind NAT
Dual-stack and the death of NAT44

28. Operator Example Traffic Forecast
Traffic Trend
20.00 300,000
19.00
280,000
18.00
260,000
17.00
16.00 240,000
15.00
220,000
14.00 Traffic increase is more 200,000
Throughput at BH (Gbps)
13.00
12.00
than double per year. 180,000
Growth Ratio
11.00
160,000
10.00
140,000
9.00
8.00 120,000
7.00 2.5 times traffic is expected by
100,000
6.00 end of Mar 2012, and is
5.00
continuously growing 80,000
4.00 60,000
3.00 Mar 2011 40,000
2.00 17,099 Gbps
20,000
1.00
0.00 0
Apr- Jun- Sep- Dec- Mar- Jun- Sep- Dec- Mar- Jun- Sep- Dec- Mar- Jun- Sep- Dec- Mar- Jun- Sep- Dec- Mar- Jun- Sep- Nov- Feb- May- Aug- Nov- Feb-
07 07 07 07 08 08 08 08 09 09 09 09 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 28 (3)

29. Traffic growth NAT impact
300,000
Network capacity need to grow to handle user traffic growth
Throughput Gbps
If NAT is introduced to deal with IPv4 address runout NAT
capacity need to grow equally == increased CAPEX and OPEX Added
unless you start offloading IPv4 traffic NAT
capacity
...and don’t forget the added cost for NAT state logging!
Added
NAT
capacity
Initial
NAT
capacity
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 29 (3)

30. Traffic growth with dual-stack
300.000
Network capacity need to grow to handle user traffic growth
Throughput Gbps
If Dual-stack is deployed IPv6 will increasingly offload IPv4 as
more services are also offered over IPv6 and NAT capacity
need will decrease, reducing NAT expansion need and
eventually reverse its need to grow == eliminate NAT Native
CAPEX and decrease OPEX IPv6
IPv6-only combined with NAT64 gives same result
and eliminates IPv4 private address usage at UE Native
IPv6
Native Added NO added
IPv6 NAT NAT
Initial capacity capacity
NAT
capacity
0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 30 (3)

31. 50B IPv6 Terminals

32. How do we reach 50B Terminals?
› Nokia, Nokia, Nokia
› S40 and S60 Series
roughly since 2006 can
do the job!
› IPv6-only combined with
NAT64 works with most
applications and
dual-stack is possible ~40 Euro
with two PDP contexts
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 32 (3)

33. Computers
› Laptops, pads Ericsson F5521gw
Mobile Broadband
Module
– OS:es Vista/W7/OSX/Linux with either
built-in Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module
or legacy SonyEricsson/Nokia phone as modem
– IPv6-only combined with NAT64 works with
most applications and dual-stack is possible
with two PDP contexts
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 33 (3)

34. Android IPv6 support
› Added PDP/PDN Type to Java code
– NOTE: Google changed name Network Type to APN Protocol
when it was released in Android 2.3.4
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 34 (3)

35. First Android 2.1 IPv6 connected over 3G
mobile network. I make it so!
Nvidia Tegra 2 and Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module F3607gw
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 35 (3)

36. What about IPhone ?
› 90+ million devices sold
› Always-on with Apple Push
Server (why not use IPv6?)
I need an IPhone 4!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FL7yD-0pqZg
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 36 (3)

37. My IPhone get visited by IPv6 ping over 3G!
Source address: 2001:470:0:2f::1
Destination address: 2001:1b70:8140:ff02::abba:babe
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 37 (3)

38. Ahh.. Blackberry.....
My Blackberry Is Not Working!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAG39jKi0lI
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 38 (3)

39. Computers
› Laptops, pads Ericsson F5521gw
Mobile Broadband
Module
– OS:es Vista/W7/OSX/Linux with either
built-in Ericsson Mobile Broadband Module
or legacy SonyEricsson/Nokia phone as modem
– IPv6-only combined with NAT64 works with
most applications and dual-stack is possible
with two PDP contexts
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 39 (3)

40. But is is all about the success of m2m
› M2M, Internet of things, Sensors
› MCIM + IPv6 = 50B !?!?
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 40 (3)

41. Aggregating 500B

42. DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation
› Expands the number of IPv6 network prefixes available
behind a UE. ”Mobile is the new Fixed”
Internet
GSM/
WCDMA/
LTE Services
SGW PGW (e.g Mobile TV, IMS,
eHealth ehealth)
PDN
UE CPE
Router with
GSM/
IPTV WCDMA/
LTE uplink
Appliances
IMS
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 42 (3)

43. Aggregation for the masses - 500B
› Sensor networks (eg Zigbee-based) can use Packet Core
for uplink data transfer. Impact on architecture from
aggregated ”Internet of things” need to be studied further in
3GPP order to accomodate this huge market.
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 43 (3)

44. Do we have a IP migration
strategy with an acceptable
exit strategy?

45. Think and plan ahead!
› Take aim for IPv6-only!
› I you don t need to enter an IP
migration there s no need to exit!
› For 50B and beyond the important thing is
which IPv4 relics are left in the architecture.
(Compare the 1500MTU relic in Ethernet)
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 45 (3)

46. Conclusion 50B and IPv6
› We will get there… Resistance is futile.
› Go for IPv6 ASAP
› Get rid of the Keep-alives
› Aggregate connectivity
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 46 (3)

47. www.ericsson.com over IPv6 at Akamai
What it all boils down to:
Turn on...
Tune in...
.....but dont drop out!
Anti-drug disclaimer: IPv6 is not a pshycedelic drug and I am not Timothy Leary

48. A final word from Henrik Ibsen
A minority may be right,
and a majority is always wrong.
..so for how long will we be right
about IPv6? I m ok with being
wrong.
50B Vision IPv6 | 2011-05-24 | Page 48 (3)