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Hans Petter Holen, IT Direktør, Visma & ICANN Address Council

     FRA IPV4 TIL IPV6
     BAKGRUNN OG HISTORIE




Page 1
Marconi watching associates raise kite antenna at
St. John's, December 1901 . Kilde: Wikipedia
Dag Belsnes: Var til 2004 professor II
ved institutt for informatikk ved Universitetet i
Oslo. Var ni måneder i Cerf's forskergruppe
ved Stanford-universitetet i California. Jobbet
med analyser av korrekthet i TCP/IP-
protokollene.

Pål Spilling: Ansatt i Forsvarets
forskningsinstitutt (FFI) fra 1972. Begynte
med datakommunikasjon i 1975. Var til stede
på University College London i 1975 da første
vellykkede dataoverføring ved hjelp av TCP/
IP-teknologien med Stanford-universitetet i
USA ble gjennomført.

Yngvar Lund: Forsker ved Forsvarets
forskningsinstitutt på Kjeller fra 1957 til 1984.
Pådriver da USA ville ha med Norge og FFI på
et samarbeid med ARPANET (Internetts
forløper). Prosjektleder for Norges bidrag til
ARPANET.

Kilde: Aftenposten 2007
I begynnelsen
  •  1974 – IEEE “ A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection”
     •  Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn
  •  1981 – RFC 791 Internet Protocol




Page 6
Page 9
IPv4 ?
  •  Versions 0, 1, 2, 3 were development versions:
      •  Arv fra tidligere ARPA
      •  TCP -> TCP/IP introduserte lagdeling i TCP v3 og IP som egen Protokol
          •  Transmission Control Program (TCP)
          •  Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP)


  •  Version 5: Internet Streaming Protocol
      •  1979 - IEN.119: ST — A proposed Internet stream protocol,
          •  James W. Forgie, M. I. T. Lincoln Laboratory
      •  1990 - RFC 1190 Experimental Internet Stream Protocol, Version 2 (ST-II)
      •  1995 - RFC 1819 Internet Stream Protocol Version 2 (ST2)
          •  Protocol Specification - Version ST2+ (Experimental)




Page 11
IP Addressering før 1981
                             •  Første 8 bit brukt til nettverks
                                nummer – resten “lokale adresser”


                             •  Tillater 254 uavhengige nettverk




Page 12
Klasse A, B & C




Page 13
Kilde: Elise Gerich – IANA Vice President, ICANN
 Page 14
Internett kommer til å bli
                                                                      mer utbredt enn VHS
  Komersialisering av Internet
                                                                       Tore Solvar Karlsen,
  •  1991 – Oslonett startes                                          Daglig leder Oslonett


  •  1992 – Prosjekt for TelePost Communications: etablere IP nett
     •  128kbps utenlandsforbindelse til SwipNet (senere Tele2)
     •  10Mbps samttrafikk på NIX (2Mbps E1)
     •  EuNet Norge, Powertech


  •  1995 – Schibsted kjøper Oslonett -> Schibsted Nett



   Innholdstjenester bygget på
   åpent nett.




Page 15
“Klasseløs” ruting & NAT
  •  1993 – CIDR: RFC 1518 - n Architecture for IP Address Allocation with CIDR,
     Y. Rekhter, T. Li
     •  RFC 1518 – Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): an Address Assignement and
        Aggregation Strategy


     •  “Supernetting” – det motsatte av “Subnetting”


     •  A= /8
     •  B= /16
     •  C= /24


  •  1994-1996 Network Address Translation (NAT) & Private Internet




Page 16
Establishing Regional Internet Registries
  •  In the beginning there was Jon Postel and his “black notebook”
  •  Then the IANA project was created to hold the activities and an Internet Registry Project:
     •  USC/ISI -> SRI International -> Network Solutions Inc
  •  1989 – Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE)
     •  RIPE Network Coordination Centre (NCC) @ Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne
          (RARE) som senere ble Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association
          (TERENA) I Amsterdam
     •  1998 – RIPE NCC separate legal entity
  •  1992 – APNIC established in Japan – relocated to Brisibane Australia in 1998
  •  1993 – InterNIC
  •  1997 – ARIN
  •  1998 – ICANN
  •  2002 – LACNIC recognized by ICANN as RIR
  •  2004 – AfriNIC recognized by ICANN as RIR



Page 17
Regional Internet Registries
Kilde: Elise Gerich – IANA Vice President, ICANN
 Page 19
IP Address Lifetime Expectancy
  •  This was an IETF activity starting as part of the Routing and Addressing
     (ROAD) activity in the early 1990 s

  •  The objective was to understand the rate of allocation of IPv4 addresses and
     make some predictions as to the date of eventual exhaustion of the
     unallocated address pool

     •   CIDR
     •   IPv6



  •  Geoff Huston revisited this om 2003: This is a re-visiting of this activity with
     consideration of additional data derived from the characteristics of the BGP
     routing table




Page 20
Page 21
IPv6 address structure
                                                                16bits     64bits
                              48bits
                                                                sub
                               Global routing prefix                     Interface id
                                                                net

  •  64 bit Interface ID = “all verdens” enheter får plass på et nett


  •  Subnet = hvor mange forskjellige nett trenger jeg hjemme, (på en “end
     site”) ?


     •  Idag har jeg 1 nett hjemme – holder ikke det da ?


     •  Think big: IETF tenkte “one size fits all” - 16 bits…




Page 22
Page 23   Kilde: Geoff Huston http://www.potaroo.net
Page 24   Kilde: Geoff Huston http://www.potaroo.net
Page 25
          Kilde: Geoff Huston http://www.potaroo.net
Page 26
Page 27   http://www.ripe.net/internet-coordination/
          ipv4-exhaustion/ipv4-available-pool-graph
Page 28   Kilde: Geoff Huston http://www.potaroo.net
Page 29
          Kilde: Geoff Huston http://www.potaroo.net
IPv6 RIPEness
  •  1-4 stars


  •  Søke om og få tildelt adresser


  •  Bruke adressene: adressene synes i det globale ruting tabellen


  •  Dokumentere dette I RIPE databasen


  •  Reverse DNS




Page 30
Page 31   IPv6 Ripeness -
LIRs with 4 star IPv6 in Norway
  •  TDC
                                           •  ErgoGroup
  •  Telenor
                                           •  Hipercom
  •  Ventelo
                                           •  Itsjefen
  •  BKK
                                           •  Media Network Services
  •  Broadnet
                                           •  Post og teletilsynet
  •  Fasthost
                                           •  Redpill Linpro
  •  Hafslund
                                           •  Schibsted
  •  LOS Bynett
                                           •  Ventelo Hosting
  •  NTE bredbånd
                                           •  Web Online
  •  PowerTech Informatiom Systems
                                           •  Ergo Group
  •  UNINETT
                                           •  Opera Software
  •  Verizon
                                           •  Rent a Rack
  •  Basefarm
                                           •  TV2
  •  DataOppdrag

                    Source: http://ripeness.ripe.net/4star/NO.html
Page 32
Page 33   email: Hans.Petter.Holen@visma.com

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Fra IPv4 til IPv6 bakgrunn og historie: Hans Petter Holen, IT Direktør, Visma & ICANN Address Council

  • 1. Hans Petter Holen, IT Direktør, Visma & ICANN Address Council FRA IPV4 TIL IPV6 BAKGRUNN OG HISTORIE Page 1
  • 2. Marconi watching associates raise kite antenna at St. John's, December 1901 . Kilde: Wikipedia
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Dag Belsnes: Var til 2004 professor II ved institutt for informatikk ved Universitetet i Oslo. Var ni måneder i Cerf's forskergruppe ved Stanford-universitetet i California. Jobbet med analyser av korrekthet i TCP/IP- protokollene. Pål Spilling: Ansatt i Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt (FFI) fra 1972. Begynte med datakommunikasjon i 1975. Var til stede på University College London i 1975 da første vellykkede dataoverføring ved hjelp av TCP/ IP-teknologien med Stanford-universitetet i USA ble gjennomført. Yngvar Lund: Forsker ved Forsvarets forskningsinstitutt på Kjeller fra 1957 til 1984. Pådriver da USA ville ha med Norge og FFI på et samarbeid med ARPANET (Internetts forløper). Prosjektleder for Norges bidrag til ARPANET. Kilde: Aftenposten 2007
  • 6. I begynnelsen •  1974 – IEEE “ A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection” •  Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn •  1981 – RFC 791 Internet Protocol Page 6
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 10.
  • 11. IPv4 ? •  Versions 0, 1, 2, 3 were development versions: •  Arv fra tidligere ARPA •  TCP -> TCP/IP introduserte lagdeling i TCP v3 og IP som egen Protokol •  Transmission Control Program (TCP) •  Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) •  Version 5: Internet Streaming Protocol •  1979 - IEN.119: ST — A proposed Internet stream protocol, •  James W. Forgie, M. I. T. Lincoln Laboratory •  1990 - RFC 1190 Experimental Internet Stream Protocol, Version 2 (ST-II) •  1995 - RFC 1819 Internet Stream Protocol Version 2 (ST2) •  Protocol Specification - Version ST2+ (Experimental) Page 11
  • 12. IP Addressering før 1981 •  Første 8 bit brukt til nettverks nummer – resten “lokale adresser” •  Tillater 254 uavhengige nettverk Page 12
  • 13. Klasse A, B & C Page 13
  • 14. Kilde: Elise Gerich – IANA Vice President, ICANN Page 14
  • 15. Internett kommer til å bli mer utbredt enn VHS Komersialisering av Internet Tore Solvar Karlsen, •  1991 – Oslonett startes Daglig leder Oslonett •  1992 – Prosjekt for TelePost Communications: etablere IP nett •  128kbps utenlandsforbindelse til SwipNet (senere Tele2) •  10Mbps samttrafikk på NIX (2Mbps E1) •  EuNet Norge, Powertech •  1995 – Schibsted kjøper Oslonett -> Schibsted Nett Innholdstjenester bygget på åpent nett. Page 15
  • 16. “Klasseløs” ruting & NAT •  1993 – CIDR: RFC 1518 - n Architecture for IP Address Allocation with CIDR, Y. Rekhter, T. Li •  RFC 1518 – Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR): an Address Assignement and Aggregation Strategy •  “Supernetting” – det motsatte av “Subnetting” •  A= /8 •  B= /16 •  C= /24 •  1994-1996 Network Address Translation (NAT) & Private Internet Page 16
  • 17. Establishing Regional Internet Registries •  In the beginning there was Jon Postel and his “black notebook” •  Then the IANA project was created to hold the activities and an Internet Registry Project: •  USC/ISI -> SRI International -> Network Solutions Inc •  1989 – Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE) •  RIPE Network Coordination Centre (NCC) @ Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne (RARE) som senere ble Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association (TERENA) I Amsterdam •  1998 – RIPE NCC separate legal entity •  1992 – APNIC established in Japan – relocated to Brisibane Australia in 1998 •  1993 – InterNIC •  1997 – ARIN •  1998 – ICANN •  2002 – LACNIC recognized by ICANN as RIR •  2004 – AfriNIC recognized by ICANN as RIR Page 17
  • 19. Kilde: Elise Gerich – IANA Vice President, ICANN Page 19
  • 20. IP Address Lifetime Expectancy •  This was an IETF activity starting as part of the Routing and Addressing (ROAD) activity in the early 1990 s •  The objective was to understand the rate of allocation of IPv4 addresses and make some predictions as to the date of eventual exhaustion of the unallocated address pool •   CIDR •   IPv6 •  Geoff Huston revisited this om 2003: This is a re-visiting of this activity with consideration of additional data derived from the characteristics of the BGP routing table Page 20
  • 22. IPv6 address structure 16bits 64bits 48bits sub Global routing prefix Interface id net •  64 bit Interface ID = “all verdens” enheter får plass på et nett •  Subnet = hvor mange forskjellige nett trenger jeg hjemme, (på en “end site”) ? •  Idag har jeg 1 nett hjemme – holder ikke det da ? •  Think big: IETF tenkte “one size fits all” - 16 bits… Page 22
  • 23. Page 23 Kilde: Geoff Huston http://www.potaroo.net
  • 24. Page 24 Kilde: Geoff Huston http://www.potaroo.net
  • 25. Page 25 Kilde: Geoff Huston http://www.potaroo.net
  • 27. Page 27 http://www.ripe.net/internet-coordination/ ipv4-exhaustion/ipv4-available-pool-graph
  • 28. Page 28 Kilde: Geoff Huston http://www.potaroo.net
  • 29. Page 29 Kilde: Geoff Huston http://www.potaroo.net
  • 30. IPv6 RIPEness •  1-4 stars •  Søke om og få tildelt adresser •  Bruke adressene: adressene synes i det globale ruting tabellen •  Dokumentere dette I RIPE databasen •  Reverse DNS Page 30
  • 31. Page 31 IPv6 Ripeness -
  • 32. LIRs with 4 star IPv6 in Norway •  TDC •  ErgoGroup •  Telenor •  Hipercom •  Ventelo •  Itsjefen •  BKK •  Media Network Services •  Broadnet •  Post og teletilsynet •  Fasthost •  Redpill Linpro •  Hafslund •  Schibsted •  LOS Bynett •  Ventelo Hosting •  NTE bredbånd •  Web Online •  PowerTech Informatiom Systems •  Ergo Group •  UNINETT •  Opera Software •  Verizon •  Rent a Rack •  Basefarm •  TV2 •  DataOppdrag Source: http://ripeness.ripe.net/4star/NO.html Page 32
  • 33. Page 33 email: Hans.Petter.Holen@visma.com