Genetic diseases are increasing due to factors like environmental pollution and improved diagnostic techniques. In China, it is estimated that 1 million new patients develop inherited disorders each year. Genetic diseases can be classified as chromosomal abnormalities, single gene disorders, and polygenic disorders. While most genetic diseases cannot be cured, treatment options include dietary restrictions, removing harmful substances, supplementing lacking substances, and gene therapy shows promise for some conditions. Prevention involves genetic counseling and prenatal testing.