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Chapter 5
Digital Security,
Ethics, and Privacy
Discovering Computers 2016
Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology
Objectives Overview
Define the term, digital
security risks, and
briefly describe the
types of cybercriminals
Describe various types
of Internet and network
attacks, and explain
ways to safeguard
against these attacks
Discuss techniques to
prevent unauthorized
computer access and
use
Explain the ways that
software manufacturers
protect against
software piracy
Discuss how
encryption, digital
signatures, and digital
certificates work
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
2See Page 212
for Detailed Objectives
Objectives Overview
Identify safeguards
against hardware theft,
vandalism, and failure
Explain the options
available for backing up
Identify risks and
safeguards associated
with wireless
communications
Recognize issues related
to information accuracy,
intellectual property
rights, codes of conduct,
and green computing
Discuss issues
surrounding information
privacy
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
3See Page 212
for Detailed Objectives
Digital Security Risks
• A digital security risk is any event or action that could
cause a loss of or damage to a computer or mobile device
hardware, software, data, information, or processing
capability
• Any illegal act involving the use of a computer or related
devices generally is referred to as a computer crime
• A cybercrime is an online or Internet-based illegal act
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
4Page 212
Digital Security Risks
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
5Page 213
Figure 5-1
Digital Security Risks
Hacker Cracker Script kiddie
Corporate spies
Unethical
employees
Cyberextortionist
Cyberterrorist
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
6Page 214
Internet and Network Attacks
• Information transmitted
over networks has a higher
degree of security risk than
information kept on an
organization’s premises
• Malware, short for
malicious software, consists
of programs that act
without a user’s knowledge
and deliberately alter the
operations of computers
and mobile devices
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
7Page 215
Table 5-1
Internet and Network Attacks
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
8Page 215
Figure 5-2
Internet and Network Attacks
• A botnet is a group of compromised computers or mobile devices
connected to a network
– A compromised computer or device is known as a zombie
• A denial of service attack (DoS attack) disrupts computer access to
an Internet service
– Distributed DoS attack (DDoS attack)
• A back door is a program or set of instructions in a program that
allow users to bypass security controls
• Spoofing is a technique intruders use to make their network or
Internet transmission appear legitimate
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
9Pages 216 - 217
Internet and Network Attacks
• A firewall is hardware and/or software that
protects a network’s resources from intrusion
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
10Pages 219 - 220
Figure 5-4
Unauthorized Access and Use
Unauthorized access is
the use of a computer or
network without
permission
Unauthorized use is the
use of a computer or its
data for unapproved or
possibly illegal activities
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
11Page 221
Unauthorized Access and Use
• Organizations take
several measures to
help prevent
unauthorized access
and use
– Acceptable use policy
– Disable file and printer
sharing
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
12Page 221
Figure 5-5
Unauthorized Access and Use
• Access controls define who can access a
computer, device, or network; when they can
access it; and what actions they can take while
accessing it
• The computer, device, or network should
maintain an audit trail that records in a file both
successful and unsuccessful access attempts
– User name
– Password
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
13Pages 222 - 223
Figure 5-6
Unauthorized Access and Use
• A passphrase is a private combination of words, often containing
mixed capitalization and punctuation, associated with a user name
that allows access to certain computer resources
• A PIN (personal identification number), sometimes called a
passcode, is a numeric password, either assigned by a company or
selected by a user
• A possessed object is any item that you must possess, or carry with
you, in order to gain access to a computer or computer facility
• A biometric device authenticates a person’s identity by translating
a personal characteristic into a digital code that is compared with a
digital code in a computer or mobile device verifying a physical or
behavioral characteristic
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
Pages 223 - 224 14
Unauthorized Access and Use
Fingerprint
reader
Face
recognition
system
Hand
geometry
system
Voice
verification
system
Signature
verification
system
Iris
recognition
system
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
15Pages 224 – 226
Figures 5-8 – 5-11
Unauthorized Access and Use
• Two-step verification uses two separate methods,
one after the next, to verify the identity of a user
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
Pages 226 – 227
Figure 5-12
16
Unauthorized Access and Use
• Digital forensics is the discovery, collection, and
analysis of evidence found on computers and
networks
• Many areas use digital forensics
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
17Page 227
Law
enforcement
Criminal
prosecutors
Military
intelligence
Insurance
agencies
Information
security
departments
Software Theft
• Software theft occurs when someone:
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
18Page 228
Steals software
media
Intentionally
erases programs
Illegally registers
and/or activates
a program
Illegally copies a
program
Software Theft
• Many manufacturers incorporate an activation
process into their programs to ensure the
software is not installed on more computers than
legally licensed
• During the product activation, which is conducted
either online or by phone, users provide the
software product’s identification number to
associate the software with the computer or
mobile device on which the software is installed
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
19Page 228
Software Theft
• A license agreement is the right to use software
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
20Pages 228 – 229
Figure 5-13
Information Theft
• Information theft occurs when someone steals
personal or confidential information
• Encryption is a process of converting data that is
readable by humans into encoded characters to
prevent unauthorized access
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
21Page 229
Information Theft
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
22Page 230
Figure 5-14
Information Theft
• A digital signature is an encrypted code that a
person, website, or organization attaches to an
electronic message to verify the identity of the
message sender
– Often used to ensure that an impostor is not participating
in an Internet transaction
• A digital certificate is a notice that guarantees a user
or a website is legitimate
• A website that uses encryption techniques to secure
its data is known as a secure site
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
23Page 231
Information Theft
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
24Page 231
Figure 5-15
Hardware Theft, Vandalism, and Failure
Hardware theft is
the act of stealing
digital equipment
Hardware vandalism
is the act of defacing
or destroying digital
equipment
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
25Page 233
Hardware Theft, Vandalism, and Failure
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
26Page 233
Figure 5-16
Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard
• A backup is a duplicate of a file, program, or
media that can be used if the original is lost,
damaged, or destroyed
– To back up a file means to make a copy of it
• Off-site backups are stored in a location separate
from the computer or mobile device site
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
27Pages 233 - 234
Cloud
Storage
Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard
• Categories of backups:
– Full
– Differential
– Incremental
– Selective
– Continuous data
protection
– Cloud
• Three-generation
backup policy
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
28Page 234
Grandparent
Parent
Child
Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
29Page 234
Table 5-2
Wireless Security
• Wireless access poses
additional security risks
• Some perpetrators
connect to other’s
wireless networks to gain
free Internet access or
confidential data
• Others connect to a
network through an
unsecured wireless access
point (WAP) or
combination router/WAP
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
30Page 236
Figure 5-18
Ethics and Society
• Technology ethics are
the moral guidelines
that govern the use of
computers, mobile
devices, information
systems, and related
technologies
• Information accuracy is
a concern
– Not all information on
the Internet is correct
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
31Pages 238 - 240
Figure 5-20
Ethics and Society
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
32Page 240
• Intellectual property refers to unique and original
works such as ideas, inventions, art, writings,
processes, company and product names, and logos
• Intellectual property rights are the rights to which
creators are entitled to their work
• A copyright protects any tangible form of expression
• Digital rights management (DRM) is a strategy
designed to prevent illegal distribution of movies,
music, and other digital content
Ethics and Society
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
33Page 241
Figure 5-21
• A code of conduct is a written guideline that helps
determine whether a specification is
ethical/unethical or allowed/not allowed
Ethics and Society
• Green computing involves reducing the electricity
and environmental waste while using computers,
mobile devices, and related technologies
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
34Page 241
Figure 5-22
Information Privacy
• Information privacy refers to the right of individuals
and companies to deny or restrict the collection, use,
and dissemination of information about them
• Huge databases store data online
• Websites often collect data about you, so that they
can customize advertisements and send you
personalized email messages
• Some employers monitor your computer usage and
email messages
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
35Page 242
Information Privacy
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
36Page 242
Figure 5-23
Information Privacy
• Information about you
can be stored in a
database when you:
– Fill out a printed or
online form
– Create a profile on an
online social network
– Register a product
warranty
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
37Pages 242 - 243
Figure 5-24
Information Privacy
• A cookie is a small text file that a web server stores on
your computer
• Websites use cookies for a variety of reasons:
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
38Pages 243 - 244
Allow for
personalization
Store user
names and/or
passwords
Assist with
online
shopping
Track how
often users
visit a site
Target
advertisements
Information Privacy
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
39Page 244
Figure 5-25
Information Privacy
• Phishing is a scam in which a perpetrator sends an
official looking email message that attempts to
obtain your personal and/or financial information
• With clickjacking, an object that can be tapped or
clicked on a website contains a malicious program
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
40Pages 244 - 245
Information Privacy
• Spyware is a program placed on a computer or
mobile device without the user’s knowledge that
secretly collects information about the user and
then communicates the information it collects to
some outside source while the user is online
• Adware is a program that displays an online
advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on
webpages, email messages, or other Internet
services
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
41Page 245
Information Privacy
• Social engineering is defined as gaining
unauthorized access to or obtaining confidential
information by taking advantage of the trusting
human nature of some victims and the naivety of
others
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
42Page 245
Information Privacy
• The concern about privacy has led to the
enactment of federal and state laws regarding the
storage and disclosure of personal data
– See Table 5-3 on page 246 for a listing of major U.S.
government laws concerning privacy
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
43Page 246
Information Privacy
Employee monitoring involves the use of computers, mobile
devices, or cameras to observe, record, and review an
employee’s use of a technology, including communications such
as email messages, (used to measure productivity), and
webkeyboard activity sites visited
Many programs exist that easily allow employers to monitor
employees. Further, it is legal for employers to use these
programs
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
44Page 247
Information Privacy
• Content filtering is the
process of restricting
access to certain
material
– Many businesses use
content filtering
• Web filtering software
restricts access to
specified websites
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
45Pages 247 - 248
Figure 5-26
Summary
Variety of digital security risks Cybercrime and cybercriminals
Risks and safeguards associated
with Internet and network
attacks, unauthorized access and
use, software theft, information
theft, and hardware theft,
vandalism, and failure
Various backup strategies and
methods of securing wireless
communications
Ethical issues in society and
various ways to protect the
privacy of personal information
© 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website,
in whole or in part.
46Page 249
Chapter 5
Digital Security,
Ethics, and Privacy
Discovering Computers 2016
Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology
Chapter 5 Complete

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15 digital security issues

  • 1. Chapter 5 Digital Security, Ethics, and Privacy Discovering Computers 2016 Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology
  • 2. Objectives Overview Define the term, digital security risks, and briefly describe the types of cybercriminals Describe various types of Internet and network attacks, and explain ways to safeguard against these attacks Discuss techniques to prevent unauthorized computer access and use Explain the ways that software manufacturers protect against software piracy Discuss how encryption, digital signatures, and digital certificates work © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 2See Page 212 for Detailed Objectives
  • 3. Objectives Overview Identify safeguards against hardware theft, vandalism, and failure Explain the options available for backing up Identify risks and safeguards associated with wireless communications Recognize issues related to information accuracy, intellectual property rights, codes of conduct, and green computing Discuss issues surrounding information privacy © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 3See Page 212 for Detailed Objectives
  • 4. Digital Security Risks • A digital security risk is any event or action that could cause a loss of or damage to a computer or mobile device hardware, software, data, information, or processing capability • Any illegal act involving the use of a computer or related devices generally is referred to as a computer crime • A cybercrime is an online or Internet-based illegal act © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 4Page 212
  • 5. Digital Security Risks © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 5Page 213 Figure 5-1
  • 6. Digital Security Risks Hacker Cracker Script kiddie Corporate spies Unethical employees Cyberextortionist Cyberterrorist © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 6Page 214
  • 7. Internet and Network Attacks • Information transmitted over networks has a higher degree of security risk than information kept on an organization’s premises • Malware, short for malicious software, consists of programs that act without a user’s knowledge and deliberately alter the operations of computers and mobile devices © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 7Page 215 Table 5-1
  • 8. Internet and Network Attacks © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 8Page 215 Figure 5-2
  • 9. Internet and Network Attacks • A botnet is a group of compromised computers or mobile devices connected to a network – A compromised computer or device is known as a zombie • A denial of service attack (DoS attack) disrupts computer access to an Internet service – Distributed DoS attack (DDoS attack) • A back door is a program or set of instructions in a program that allow users to bypass security controls • Spoofing is a technique intruders use to make their network or Internet transmission appear legitimate © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 9Pages 216 - 217
  • 10. Internet and Network Attacks • A firewall is hardware and/or software that protects a network’s resources from intrusion © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 10Pages 219 - 220 Figure 5-4
  • 11. Unauthorized Access and Use Unauthorized access is the use of a computer or network without permission Unauthorized use is the use of a computer or its data for unapproved or possibly illegal activities © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 11Page 221
  • 12. Unauthorized Access and Use • Organizations take several measures to help prevent unauthorized access and use – Acceptable use policy – Disable file and printer sharing © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 12Page 221 Figure 5-5
  • 13. Unauthorized Access and Use • Access controls define who can access a computer, device, or network; when they can access it; and what actions they can take while accessing it • The computer, device, or network should maintain an audit trail that records in a file both successful and unsuccessful access attempts – User name – Password © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 13Pages 222 - 223 Figure 5-6
  • 14. Unauthorized Access and Use • A passphrase is a private combination of words, often containing mixed capitalization and punctuation, associated with a user name that allows access to certain computer resources • A PIN (personal identification number), sometimes called a passcode, is a numeric password, either assigned by a company or selected by a user • A possessed object is any item that you must possess, or carry with you, in order to gain access to a computer or computer facility • A biometric device authenticates a person’s identity by translating a personal characteristic into a digital code that is compared with a digital code in a computer or mobile device verifying a physical or behavioral characteristic © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 223 - 224 14
  • 15. Unauthorized Access and Use Fingerprint reader Face recognition system Hand geometry system Voice verification system Signature verification system Iris recognition system © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 15Pages 224 – 226 Figures 5-8 – 5-11
  • 16. Unauthorized Access and Use • Two-step verification uses two separate methods, one after the next, to verify the identity of a user © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Pages 226 – 227 Figure 5-12 16
  • 17. Unauthorized Access and Use • Digital forensics is the discovery, collection, and analysis of evidence found on computers and networks • Many areas use digital forensics © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 17Page 227 Law enforcement Criminal prosecutors Military intelligence Insurance agencies Information security departments
  • 18. Software Theft • Software theft occurs when someone: © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 18Page 228 Steals software media Intentionally erases programs Illegally registers and/or activates a program Illegally copies a program
  • 19. Software Theft • Many manufacturers incorporate an activation process into their programs to ensure the software is not installed on more computers than legally licensed • During the product activation, which is conducted either online or by phone, users provide the software product’s identification number to associate the software with the computer or mobile device on which the software is installed © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 19Page 228
  • 20. Software Theft • A license agreement is the right to use software © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 20Pages 228 – 229 Figure 5-13
  • 21. Information Theft • Information theft occurs when someone steals personal or confidential information • Encryption is a process of converting data that is readable by humans into encoded characters to prevent unauthorized access © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 21Page 229
  • 22. Information Theft © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 22Page 230 Figure 5-14
  • 23. Information Theft • A digital signature is an encrypted code that a person, website, or organization attaches to an electronic message to verify the identity of the message sender – Often used to ensure that an impostor is not participating in an Internet transaction • A digital certificate is a notice that guarantees a user or a website is legitimate • A website that uses encryption techniques to secure its data is known as a secure site © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 23Page 231
  • 24. Information Theft © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 24Page 231 Figure 5-15
  • 25. Hardware Theft, Vandalism, and Failure Hardware theft is the act of stealing digital equipment Hardware vandalism is the act of defacing or destroying digital equipment © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 25Page 233
  • 26. Hardware Theft, Vandalism, and Failure © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 26Page 233 Figure 5-16
  • 27. Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard • A backup is a duplicate of a file, program, or media that can be used if the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed – To back up a file means to make a copy of it • Off-site backups are stored in a location separate from the computer or mobile device site © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 27Pages 233 - 234 Cloud Storage
  • 28. Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard • Categories of backups: – Full – Differential – Incremental – Selective – Continuous data protection – Cloud • Three-generation backup policy © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 28Page 234 Grandparent Parent Child
  • 29. Backing Up – The Ultimate Safeguard © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 29Page 234 Table 5-2
  • 30. Wireless Security • Wireless access poses additional security risks • Some perpetrators connect to other’s wireless networks to gain free Internet access or confidential data • Others connect to a network through an unsecured wireless access point (WAP) or combination router/WAP © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 30Page 236 Figure 5-18
  • 31. Ethics and Society • Technology ethics are the moral guidelines that govern the use of computers, mobile devices, information systems, and related technologies • Information accuracy is a concern – Not all information on the Internet is correct © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 31Pages 238 - 240 Figure 5-20
  • 32. Ethics and Society © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 32Page 240 • Intellectual property refers to unique and original works such as ideas, inventions, art, writings, processes, company and product names, and logos • Intellectual property rights are the rights to which creators are entitled to their work • A copyright protects any tangible form of expression • Digital rights management (DRM) is a strategy designed to prevent illegal distribution of movies, music, and other digital content
  • 33. Ethics and Society © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 33Page 241 Figure 5-21 • A code of conduct is a written guideline that helps determine whether a specification is ethical/unethical or allowed/not allowed
  • 34. Ethics and Society • Green computing involves reducing the electricity and environmental waste while using computers, mobile devices, and related technologies © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 34Page 241 Figure 5-22
  • 35. Information Privacy • Information privacy refers to the right of individuals and companies to deny or restrict the collection, use, and dissemination of information about them • Huge databases store data online • Websites often collect data about you, so that they can customize advertisements and send you personalized email messages • Some employers monitor your computer usage and email messages © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 35Page 242
  • 36. Information Privacy © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 36Page 242 Figure 5-23
  • 37. Information Privacy • Information about you can be stored in a database when you: – Fill out a printed or online form – Create a profile on an online social network – Register a product warranty © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 37Pages 242 - 243 Figure 5-24
  • 38. Information Privacy • A cookie is a small text file that a web server stores on your computer • Websites use cookies for a variety of reasons: © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 38Pages 243 - 244 Allow for personalization Store user names and/or passwords Assist with online shopping Track how often users visit a site Target advertisements
  • 39. Information Privacy © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 39Page 244 Figure 5-25
  • 40. Information Privacy • Phishing is a scam in which a perpetrator sends an official looking email message that attempts to obtain your personal and/or financial information • With clickjacking, an object that can be tapped or clicked on a website contains a malicious program © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 40Pages 244 - 245
  • 41. Information Privacy • Spyware is a program placed on a computer or mobile device without the user’s knowledge that secretly collects information about the user and then communicates the information it collects to some outside source while the user is online • Adware is a program that displays an online advertisement in a banner or pop-up window on webpages, email messages, or other Internet services © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 41Page 245
  • 42. Information Privacy • Social engineering is defined as gaining unauthorized access to or obtaining confidential information by taking advantage of the trusting human nature of some victims and the naivety of others © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 42Page 245
  • 43. Information Privacy • The concern about privacy has led to the enactment of federal and state laws regarding the storage and disclosure of personal data – See Table 5-3 on page 246 for a listing of major U.S. government laws concerning privacy © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 43Page 246
  • 44. Information Privacy Employee monitoring involves the use of computers, mobile devices, or cameras to observe, record, and review an employee’s use of a technology, including communications such as email messages, (used to measure productivity), and webkeyboard activity sites visited Many programs exist that easily allow employers to monitor employees. Further, it is legal for employers to use these programs © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 44Page 247
  • 45. Information Privacy • Content filtering is the process of restricting access to certain material – Many businesses use content filtering • Web filtering software restricts access to specified websites © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, 45Pages 247 - 248 Figure 5-26
  • 46. Summary Variety of digital security risks Cybercrime and cybercriminals Risks and safeguards associated with Internet and network attacks, unauthorized access and use, software theft, information theft, and hardware theft, vandalism, and failure Various backup strategies and methods of securing wireless communications Ethical issues in society and various ways to protect the privacy of personal information © 2016 Cengage Learning®. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. 46Page 249
  • 47. Chapter 5 Digital Security, Ethics, and Privacy Discovering Computers 2016 Tools, Apps, Devices, and the Impact of Technology Chapter 5 Complete