The document discusses three deficiency diseases: Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, and obesity. Kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency and results in edema, hair and skin changes, and lethargy. Marasmus is caused by protein-calorie deficiency and causes emaciation, thin limbs, and muscle wasting. Obesity is caused by overeating energy-dense foods and results in excess fat deposition and increased body weight over 20% above normal.

1. HEALTH EDUCATION DEFICIENCY DISEASES

2. DEFICIENCY DISEASES Malnutrition means insufficient and unwholesome feeding Various diseases are caused by malnutrition For ex: Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, obesity etc

3. KWASHIORKOR “ Kwashiorkor” is an African word meaning “ displaced child” - protein deficiency Seen when the child is weaned out early and given food having high carbohydrate content & low proteins Growth slows down Body parts swell due to accumulation of water Muscular development is less & limbs are swollen Face - fluffy and moon shaped Impaired appetite & child finds it difficult to eat food Frequent diarrhoea Hair becomes thin & loses shine Skin becomes dry & loose Child becomes lethargic & loses interest in everything

4. MARASMUS Caused by protein – calorie malnutrition Child is weaned out early & given diet low in protein, carbohydrate When the mother is weak due to repeated child births, famine and wartime Deficiency of fats & carbohydrates Proteins are used up to generate energy Growth is reduced due to protein deficiency Child looks thin and emaciated Body weight 60% less than the expected weight Thin limbs & prominent ribs are seen

5. MARASMUS Muscles are less developed & no fat is seen under the skin Skin becomes dry & loose folds of skin are seen Swollen abdomen Less hair growth & faded hair colour Ill - developed body defence mechanisms Child suffers from infections & diarrhoea Highly irritable Voracious appetite Shows very little interest in surroundings & in physical & mental activities

6. OBESITY Caused due to over-eating & excess intake of energy giving foods Child will be stout with higher body weight than expected Person is obese when > 20% of the body weight is due to fat Excess energy is converted into fat & deposited in adipose tissue beneath the skin The size and number of adipose cells increase Increase in body size and weight Seen both in children & adults Recently it has been found out that obesity has a genetic basis and sometimes is inheritable