Vohra P, Jamatia K, Subhada B, Tiwari RV, Althaf MS, Jain C. Correlation of CD4 counts with oral and systemic manifestations in HIV patients. J Family Med Prim Care 2019;8:3247-52.
This document describes a study that evaluated the correlation between CD4+ T-cell count and orofacial and systemic manifestations in 100 newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients in India. The patients were grouped based on their CD4+ count, and oral exams and medical histories were recorded. Results showed a significant correlation between lower CD4+ counts and more prevalent systemic manifestations like tuberculosis. Lower CD4+ counts also significantly correlated with more common oral manifestations like oral candidiasis. The study aims to evaluate CD4+ count as a prognostic marker for immune suppression in HIV patients.
1) The study aimed to evaluate saliva as an alternative to blood for detecting HIV antibodies using ELISA tests.
2) Saliva and blood samples were collected from 100 confirmed HIV-positive patients and 100 healthy controls.
3) ELISA tests found HIV antibodies in 99% of saliva samples and 100% of blood samples from HIV-positive patients. The tests found no HIV antibodies in samples from healthy controls, showing the tests were 100% specific.
4) The results demonstrate saliva can accurately detect HIV antibodies and is as effective as blood testing, but is less invasive making it preferable for testing.
- The document discusses using animal models to test vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. It conducted a systematic review of studies published between January-August 2020 on this topic.
- The review identified 20 relevant studies examining non-human primates, mice, hamsters, ferrets, cats and dogs. These studies aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and use the animals to test vaccines.
- The findings showed that while animal models only mimic some symptoms of COVID-19 infection in humans, they are still essential for understanding disease pathogenesis, viral transmission and vaccine testing. Rhesus macaques in particular mimicked pulmonary infection when inoculated with SARS-CoV-2.
This document discusses diagnosis and treatment options for coronavirus. It begins by describing the properties and transmission of coronavirus. Diagnosis is primarily done through respiratory or blood samples that test positive for coronavirus nucleic acids on RT-PCR. Treatment involves supportive care, antiviral drugs like interferon-α, and management of symptoms. Severe cases may require oxygen therapy, ventilation, or treatment for organ dysfunction. While no specific treatment for 2019-nCoV exists, several antiviral drugs are being trialled.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Undergraduate Students of Gom...IOSR Journals
Incidence of Hepatitis B virus among healthy asymptomatic students in Gombe State University was determined, this was in an effort of providing baseline data on the diseases burden, and the possible risk factors associated with the infection in the study population. A total of 100 serum samples were collected from volunteers and screened using rapid immune chromatographic test kits for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The study revealed that 14% were HBsAg positive. The highest incidence rate of 18.2% (12) was recorded among the age group of 16-25 years, and males recorded the highest incidence rate of 20% (12), indicating that gender but not age might have greater influence on the infection (P= 0.05).
This case report describes a 35-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia who presented with ptosis of both eyes after receiving aminoglycosides for a chest infection. He was initially diagnosed with a post-synaptic neuromuscular junction disorder but later developed progressive symmetrical weakness and respiratory difficulty, confirming a diagnosis of myasthenic crisis. Treatment with high-dose steroids was started. Further evaluation ruled out thymoma or central nervous system involvement. The case report discusses myasthenic crisis as exacerbation of muscle weakness that can lead to respiratory failure and highlights common precipitating factors like infection.
Assessing the Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS Patients attending Anti-Retroviral ...RosyPurakayastha
This document describes a study that assessed the quality of life of 150 HIV/AIDS patients attending an anti-retroviral clinic using the WHOQOL-HIV BREF scale. The scale measures quality of life across 6 domains: physical, psychological, independence, social relationships, environment, and spirituality. A literature review found that HIV/AIDS negatively impacts quality of life in all domains. The study aimed to identify quality of life issues in these domains and how they relate to socio-demographic factors, to help allocate resources and address patient needs. Patients were interviewed using the WHOQOL-HIV BREF scale to measure their perceptions in each domain.
This document describes a study that evaluated the correlation between CD4+ T-cell count and orofacial and systemic manifestations in 100 newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients in India. The patients were grouped based on their CD4+ count, and oral exams and medical histories were recorded. Results showed a significant correlation between lower CD4+ counts and more prevalent systemic manifestations like tuberculosis. Lower CD4+ counts also significantly correlated with more common oral manifestations like oral candidiasis. The study aims to evaluate CD4+ count as a prognostic marker for immune suppression in HIV patients.
1) The study aimed to evaluate saliva as an alternative to blood for detecting HIV antibodies using ELISA tests.
2) Saliva and blood samples were collected from 100 confirmed HIV-positive patients and 100 healthy controls.
3) ELISA tests found HIV antibodies in 99% of saliva samples and 100% of blood samples from HIV-positive patients. The tests found no HIV antibodies in samples from healthy controls, showing the tests were 100% specific.
4) The results demonstrate saliva can accurately detect HIV antibodies and is as effective as blood testing, but is less invasive making it preferable for testing.
- The document discusses using animal models to test vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. It conducted a systematic review of studies published between January-August 2020 on this topic.
- The review identified 20 relevant studies examining non-human primates, mice, hamsters, ferrets, cats and dogs. These studies aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and use the animals to test vaccines.
- The findings showed that while animal models only mimic some symptoms of COVID-19 infection in humans, they are still essential for understanding disease pathogenesis, viral transmission and vaccine testing. Rhesus macaques in particular mimicked pulmonary infection when inoculated with SARS-CoV-2.
This document discusses diagnosis and treatment options for coronavirus. It begins by describing the properties and transmission of coronavirus. Diagnosis is primarily done through respiratory or blood samples that test positive for coronavirus nucleic acids on RT-PCR. Treatment involves supportive care, antiviral drugs like interferon-α, and management of symptoms. Severe cases may require oxygen therapy, ventilation, or treatment for organ dysfunction. While no specific treatment for 2019-nCoV exists, several antiviral drugs are being trialled.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Undergraduate Students of Gom...IOSR Journals
Incidence of Hepatitis B virus among healthy asymptomatic students in Gombe State University was determined, this was in an effort of providing baseline data on the diseases burden, and the possible risk factors associated with the infection in the study population. A total of 100 serum samples were collected from volunteers and screened using rapid immune chromatographic test kits for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The study revealed that 14% were HBsAg positive. The highest incidence rate of 18.2% (12) was recorded among the age group of 16-25 years, and males recorded the highest incidence rate of 20% (12), indicating that gender but not age might have greater influence on the infection (P= 0.05).
This case report describes a 35-year-old male with acute myeloid leukemia who presented with ptosis of both eyes after receiving aminoglycosides for a chest infection. He was initially diagnosed with a post-synaptic neuromuscular junction disorder but later developed progressive symmetrical weakness and respiratory difficulty, confirming a diagnosis of myasthenic crisis. Treatment with high-dose steroids was started. Further evaluation ruled out thymoma or central nervous system involvement. The case report discusses myasthenic crisis as exacerbation of muscle weakness that can lead to respiratory failure and highlights common precipitating factors like infection.
Assessing the Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS Patients attending Anti-Retroviral ...RosyPurakayastha
This document describes a study that assessed the quality of life of 150 HIV/AIDS patients attending an anti-retroviral clinic using the WHOQOL-HIV BREF scale. The scale measures quality of life across 6 domains: physical, psychological, independence, social relationships, environment, and spirituality. A literature review found that HIV/AIDS negatively impacts quality of life in all domains. The study aimed to identify quality of life issues in these domains and how they relate to socio-demographic factors, to help allocate resources and address patient needs. Patients were interviewed using the WHOQOL-HIV BREF scale to measure their perceptions in each domain.
Knowledge and Attitude of Prosthodontic Post Graduates on COVID 19: A Qualita...DrHeena tiwari
This document summarizes a study that surveyed 60 prosthodontic post-graduate students regarding their knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19. The results found that 80% felt they received adequate training on COVID-19 prevention and control, while over 60% were confident in managing patients with required precautions. However, only around 63% knew who to contact if they encountered a suspected COVID-19 patient. Nearly all (96.6%) agreed that the pandemic has affected their academic activities. The study concludes that understanding aerosol transmission in dentistry can help identify risks and improve practices to prevent disease spread.
This document discusses HIV drug resistance monitoring in Indonesia. It provides background on the HIV epidemic in Indonesia, noting the first reported case in 1980 and rapid increase between 1990-2010. It describes the scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) starting in 2004-2005. It also discusses the establishment of the National Working Group on HIV Drug Resistance in 2005 and their key activities of monitoring early warning indicators and conducting HIV drug resistance surveys. Results of various drug resistance monitoring activities from 2004-2014 are presented, finding levels of transmitted drug resistance below 5%. Future plans for 2016-2019 include expanding early warning indicator monitoring, conducting additional drug resistance monitoring and surveys, and achieving WHO accreditation for the national HIV drug resistance genotyping
This study investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in outpatients at a district hospital in Mardan, Pakistan. The study found that 34.8% of the 270 patients tested positive for HBV DNA using real-time PCR. Males had a slightly higher prevalence of HBV (34.5%) than females (35.1%). The highest prevalence was found in patients aged 21-40 years old (38.9%). When analyzing viral load levels, 50% of positive patients had a low viral load, 33% had an intermediate load, and 17% had a high viral load. Females were more likely to have a high viral load compared to males. The study provides
Global HIV cohort studies among IDU and future vaccine trialsThira Woratanarat
The author reviewed data on the global HIV epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs) and identified potential cohorts of IDUs that could participate in future HIV vaccine trials. High HIV prevalence rates were observed among IDUs in many countries in Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and parts of Africa and North America. Several cohort studies also showed high HIV incidence rates among IDUs in China, Thailand, Canada, and Spain. These findings emphasize the seriousness of the IDU epidemic globally and the potential for IDU cohorts to participate in HIV vaccine trials due to demonstrated high participation and retention rates in past studies.
Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis b virus among pregnant women in jaza...Alexander Decker
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. The researchers tested 537 pregnant women for HBV and found an overall prevalence of 4.1%. The prevalence increased with age, with the highest rate of 13.8% in women over 40 years old. Hospitalization and a history of jaundice were significant risk factors associated with HBV infection. The study suggests expanding Hepatitis B vaccination programs to reduce HBV risk among pregnant women in the region.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Hadhramout: Clinical Prese...asclepiuspdfs
The objective of the study was to determine the clinical features and outcome of patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Hadhramout and nearby governorates. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) site at Ibn-Sina General Hospital, Mukalla, Hadhramout governorate. All 145 patients were enrolled in HIV treatment and care program from December 2008 to the end of December 2016 with confirmed HIV test. Data included all personal data, clinical staging, drugs taken, and outcomes. Patients were grouped according to the decades to five groups, ≤15 years, 16–30 years, 31–50 years, 51–70 years, and >70 years. Cases classify according to the antiretroviral drugs to ART group and Pre-ART group. The relevant data parameters were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 21 and Excel 10. Results: A total of 145 cases, most adults (97.9%), males and females were104 (71.7%) and 41 (28.3%), respectively. Mean age was 36.46 years and 30–50 years the most affected age group (55.2%). Clinical Stages 3 and 4 were the common presentation in 73.8%, and most cases were from Mukalla city. Of the total cases, 74.5% were on ART 53.1 of them improved, pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 4 cases, and death cases were (18.5%), mostly due to late presentation and non-adherence, and mostly occurred in early 6 months of starting the ART. 37 patients were in a pre-treatment group (21.6%), where the mortality rate is 35.1%, mainly due to loss of follow-up. Conclusions: Most cases were adult males, young age and have had late presentation, where mortality is higher in the pre-treatment group due to loss of follow-up and in early 6 months of treatment.
Demographics and Point Prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection with HIV in a ...Dr. Nochiketa Mohanty
1) The study analyzed 444 case sheets of HIV patients at an AIDS Healthcare Foundation clinic in Delhi, India to determine prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infections.
2) It found prevalences of 2.7% for HBV, 1.8% for HCV, and 0.23% for both co-infections.
3) Most co-infected patients were males between ages 31-40, from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, with sexual contact and injection drug use as probable transmission routes.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices Regarding COPD Prev...ijtsrd
A descriptive study to assess the knowledge and practices regarding COPD prevention and management among staff nurses in selected hospital of district Patiala. The global burden of disease study reports a prevalence of 251 million cases globally in 2016. Globally, it is estimated that 3.17 million deaths were caused by the disease in 2015 that is, 5 of all deaths globally in that year . COPD is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in our country and all over the world. Prevalence of COPD is being anticipated to increase due to continuing risk factors and aging of society. Although, COPD is a disease involving the respiratory medicine experts, its symptoms and diagnostic criteria should also be known by the primary healthcare providers considering its economic burden.The study is non experimental descriptive method and data was collected through convenient sampling technique i.e self structured questionnaire and check list. The analysis was done through ANNOVA analysis test. Practices like hand washing, proper medication, knowledge regarding medicines, oxygen therapies, diagnostic tests spirometry , pulmonary rehabilitation, infection control techniques, non invasive ventilation, inhalation techniques, and therapeutic outcomes regarding COPD prevention and management will be average among staff nurses. Lovekirat Singh | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Mrs Raman Deep Kaur "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices Regarding COPD Prevention and Management among Staff Nurses in Selected Hospital of District Patiala" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47623.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47623/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-practices-regarding-copd-prevention-and-management-among-staff-nurses-in-selected-hospital-of-district-patiala/lovekirat-singh
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Clients Visiting Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) at SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India-Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global pandemic and India counts for 10% of the global HIV burden and 65% of that in the South and South-East Asia. This study of clients of ICTC was carried out to know the association of HIV positivity with socio-demographic variables. Total 2412 clients have visited at ICTC of SMS Medical College, Jaipur, either voluntarily or referred by various department of this institute in ICTC in 1st quarter of 2009. They Overall HIV positivity was found 12.35% with a significant difference in voluntary and referred clients i.e. 83.59% v/s 8.36%. It was also found that HIV positivity is more in reproductive age group than extremes of ages, more in females than males, more in person who were married but presently single because of separation of spouse, divorce form spouse or death of spouse than the unmarried or married living with their spouses.
This document summarizes the position statement of the American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) regarding routine HIV screening. The ACPM supports routine HIV screening for all adolescents and adults ages 13-64, as well as pregnant women, based on evidence that risk-based screening is inadequate and leads to low testing rates, lack of HIV status awareness, and late diagnoses. The ACPM endorses opt-out consent procedures, use of rapid HIV tests, streamlined counseling separate from screening, and linking patients to treatment. The organization also recommends annual repeat testing for high-risk groups and repeat testing every 5 years for the general population.
October 7, 2019
On October 7, 2019, the Harvard Global Health Institute will host a one-day symposium to explore what enabled this visionary program, and to showcase how it has transformed not just the worldwide HIV/AIDS response but global health delivery more broadly.
There are many lessons learned in PEPFAR’s story - from what it took to build a supply chain where there was none, to establishing the use of generic antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) and leveraging human capacity. This event convened the early architects of PEPFAR as well as experts and implementers currently leading the charge. We took a historically informed look at what it will take to stop global transmission, and shared tools useful for others hoping to move the needle on vexing problems in global health.
For more information, visit our website at https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/15-years-of-pepfar
This study found that CMV coinfection is associated with higher CD8 T-cell counts, lower CD4/CD8 ratios, and increased systemic inflammation in ART-treated HIV-infected individuals. The key findings were:
1) Median CD8 counts were significantly higher in HIV/CMV coinfected patients compared to HIV monoinfected or healthy controls.
2) HIV/CMV coinfection resulted in significantly lower CD4/CD8 ratios.
3) Levels of inflammatory markers IP-10, TNF-RII, and D-dimer were higher in HIV/CMV coinfected individuals.
CMV coinfection may contribute to the risk of morbid outcomes in treated HIV infection by driving
Clinical Epidemiological Study of Secondary Syphilis - Current Scenarioiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Systematic Review Of Observational Studies By Yusuf Abdu MisauYusuf Misau
This document provides background information on a proposed systematic review and meta-analysis being conducted by Dr. Yusuf Abdu Misau on factors associated with delayed testing and presentation among antiretroviral naive HIV patients. It outlines the objectives to assess causes and effects of late presentation, describes the study design as a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, and discusses the public health significance of identifying factors leading to late presentation to improve HIV patient prognosis and prevention.
This document discusses a study on the correlation between CD4+ cell count and orofacial and systemic manifestations in newly diagnosed HIV positive patients in India. The study involved 100 patients who were grouped based on their CD4+ cell count. Results showed a significant correlation between lower CD4+ cell count and increased prevalence of both systemic manifestations like tuberculosis and orofacial manifestations like oral candidiasis. A literature review found that oral candidiasis was one of the most common oral manifestations reported in various Asian studies on HIV/AIDS patients. The findings suggest that CD4+ cell count can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for immune suppression in HIV positive individuals.
53.Vohra P, Nimonkar S, Belkhode V, Potdar S, Bhanot R, Izna, Tiwari RVC. CD4 cells count as a prognostic marker in HIV patients with comparative analysis of various studies in Asia Pacific region. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 May;9(5):2431-2436. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_137_20. eCollection 2020 May. PubMed PMID: 32754515; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7380754.
This document summarizes a study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B antigenemia among dental students in South India. The study found:
1) A total of 352 dental students participated in the study, with 46% vaccinated against hepatitis B and 54% unvaccinated.
2) All 352 dental students tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen.
3) While the study found no current hepatitis B infections, the significant number of unvaccinated students indicates a need for improved vaccination programs for dental students to protect against occupational risk of hepatitis B exposure.
Knowledge and Attitude of Prosthodontic Post Graduates on COVID 19: A Qualita...DrHeena tiwari
This document summarizes a study that surveyed 60 prosthodontic post-graduate students regarding their knowledge and attitudes about COVID-19. The results found that 80% felt they received adequate training on COVID-19 prevention and control, while over 60% were confident in managing patients with required precautions. However, only around 63% knew who to contact if they encountered a suspected COVID-19 patient. Nearly all (96.6%) agreed that the pandemic has affected their academic activities. The study concludes that understanding aerosol transmission in dentistry can help identify risks and improve practices to prevent disease spread.
This document discusses HIV drug resistance monitoring in Indonesia. It provides background on the HIV epidemic in Indonesia, noting the first reported case in 1980 and rapid increase between 1990-2010. It describes the scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) starting in 2004-2005. It also discusses the establishment of the National Working Group on HIV Drug Resistance in 2005 and their key activities of monitoring early warning indicators and conducting HIV drug resistance surveys. Results of various drug resistance monitoring activities from 2004-2014 are presented, finding levels of transmitted drug resistance below 5%. Future plans for 2016-2019 include expanding early warning indicator monitoring, conducting additional drug resistance monitoring and surveys, and achieving WHO accreditation for the national HIV drug resistance genotyping
This study investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in outpatients at a district hospital in Mardan, Pakistan. The study found that 34.8% of the 270 patients tested positive for HBV DNA using real-time PCR. Males had a slightly higher prevalence of HBV (34.5%) than females (35.1%). The highest prevalence was found in patients aged 21-40 years old (38.9%). When analyzing viral load levels, 50% of positive patients had a low viral load, 33% had an intermediate load, and 17% had a high viral load. Females were more likely to have a high viral load compared to males. The study provides
Global HIV cohort studies among IDU and future vaccine trialsThira Woratanarat
The author reviewed data on the global HIV epidemic among injecting drug users (IDUs) and identified potential cohorts of IDUs that could participate in future HIV vaccine trials. High HIV prevalence rates were observed among IDUs in many countries in Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and parts of Africa and North America. Several cohort studies also showed high HIV incidence rates among IDUs in China, Thailand, Canada, and Spain. These findings emphasize the seriousness of the IDU epidemic globally and the potential for IDU cohorts to participate in HIV vaccine trials due to demonstrated high participation and retention rates in past studies.
Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis b virus among pregnant women in jaza...Alexander Decker
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection among pregnant women in Jazan Region, Saudi Arabia. The researchers tested 537 pregnant women for HBV and found an overall prevalence of 4.1%. The prevalence increased with age, with the highest rate of 13.8% in women over 40 years old. Hospitalization and a history of jaundice were significant risk factors associated with HBV infection. The study suggests expanding Hepatitis B vaccination programs to reduce HBV risk among pregnant women in the region.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Hadhramout: Clinical Prese...asclepiuspdfs
The objective of the study was to determine the clinical features and outcome of patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Hadhramout and nearby governorates. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) site at Ibn-Sina General Hospital, Mukalla, Hadhramout governorate. All 145 patients were enrolled in HIV treatment and care program from December 2008 to the end of December 2016 with confirmed HIV test. Data included all personal data, clinical staging, drugs taken, and outcomes. Patients were grouped according to the decades to five groups, ≤15 years, 16–30 years, 31–50 years, 51–70 years, and >70 years. Cases classify according to the antiretroviral drugs to ART group and Pre-ART group. The relevant data parameters were analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 21 and Excel 10. Results: A total of 145 cases, most adults (97.9%), males and females were104 (71.7%) and 41 (28.3%), respectively. Mean age was 36.46 years and 30–50 years the most affected age group (55.2%). Clinical Stages 3 and 4 were the common presentation in 73.8%, and most cases were from Mukalla city. Of the total cases, 74.5% were on ART 53.1 of them improved, pulmonary tuberculosis was found in 4 cases, and death cases were (18.5%), mostly due to late presentation and non-adherence, and mostly occurred in early 6 months of starting the ART. 37 patients were in a pre-treatment group (21.6%), where the mortality rate is 35.1%, mainly due to loss of follow-up. Conclusions: Most cases were adult males, young age and have had late presentation, where mortality is higher in the pre-treatment group due to loss of follow-up and in early 6 months of treatment.
Demographics and Point Prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infection with HIV in a ...Dr. Nochiketa Mohanty
1) The study analyzed 444 case sheets of HIV patients at an AIDS Healthcare Foundation clinic in Delhi, India to determine prevalence of HBV and HCV co-infections.
2) It found prevalences of 2.7% for HBV, 1.8% for HCV, and 0.23% for both co-infections.
3) Most co-infected patients were males between ages 31-40, from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, with sexual contact and injection drug use as probable transmission routes.
A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices Regarding COPD Prev...ijtsrd
A descriptive study to assess the knowledge and practices regarding COPD prevention and management among staff nurses in selected hospital of district Patiala. The global burden of disease study reports a prevalence of 251 million cases globally in 2016. Globally, it is estimated that 3.17 million deaths were caused by the disease in 2015 that is, 5 of all deaths globally in that year . COPD is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in our country and all over the world. Prevalence of COPD is being anticipated to increase due to continuing risk factors and aging of society. Although, COPD is a disease involving the respiratory medicine experts, its symptoms and diagnostic criteria should also be known by the primary healthcare providers considering its economic burden.The study is non experimental descriptive method and data was collected through convenient sampling technique i.e self structured questionnaire and check list. The analysis was done through ANNOVA analysis test. Practices like hand washing, proper medication, knowledge regarding medicines, oxygen therapies, diagnostic tests spirometry , pulmonary rehabilitation, infection control techniques, non invasive ventilation, inhalation techniques, and therapeutic outcomes regarding COPD prevention and management will be average among staff nurses. Lovekirat Singh | Dr. Priyanka Chaudhary | Mrs Raman Deep Kaur "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practices Regarding COPD Prevention and Management among Staff Nurses in Selected Hospital of District Patiala" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47623.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/47623/a-descriptive-study-to-assess-the-knowledge-and-practices-regarding-copd-prevention-and-management-among-staff-nurses-in-selected-hospital-of-district-patiala/lovekirat-singh
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Clients Visiting Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre (ICTC) at SMS Medical College, Jaipur (Rajasthan) India-Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global pandemic and India counts for 10% of the global HIV burden and 65% of that in the South and South-East Asia. This study of clients of ICTC was carried out to know the association of HIV positivity with socio-demographic variables. Total 2412 clients have visited at ICTC of SMS Medical College, Jaipur, either voluntarily or referred by various department of this institute in ICTC in 1st quarter of 2009. They Overall HIV positivity was found 12.35% with a significant difference in voluntary and referred clients i.e. 83.59% v/s 8.36%. It was also found that HIV positivity is more in reproductive age group than extremes of ages, more in females than males, more in person who were married but presently single because of separation of spouse, divorce form spouse or death of spouse than the unmarried or married living with their spouses.
This document summarizes the position statement of the American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) regarding routine HIV screening. The ACPM supports routine HIV screening for all adolescents and adults ages 13-64, as well as pregnant women, based on evidence that risk-based screening is inadequate and leads to low testing rates, lack of HIV status awareness, and late diagnoses. The ACPM endorses opt-out consent procedures, use of rapid HIV tests, streamlined counseling separate from screening, and linking patients to treatment. The organization also recommends annual repeat testing for high-risk groups and repeat testing every 5 years for the general population.
October 7, 2019
On October 7, 2019, the Harvard Global Health Institute will host a one-day symposium to explore what enabled this visionary program, and to showcase how it has transformed not just the worldwide HIV/AIDS response but global health delivery more broadly.
There are many lessons learned in PEPFAR’s story - from what it took to build a supply chain where there was none, to establishing the use of generic antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) and leveraging human capacity. This event convened the early architects of PEPFAR as well as experts and implementers currently leading the charge. We took a historically informed look at what it will take to stop global transmission, and shared tools useful for others hoping to move the needle on vexing problems in global health.
For more information, visit our website at https://petrieflom.law.harvard.edu/events/details/15-years-of-pepfar
This study found that CMV coinfection is associated with higher CD8 T-cell counts, lower CD4/CD8 ratios, and increased systemic inflammation in ART-treated HIV-infected individuals. The key findings were:
1) Median CD8 counts were significantly higher in HIV/CMV coinfected patients compared to HIV monoinfected or healthy controls.
2) HIV/CMV coinfection resulted in significantly lower CD4/CD8 ratios.
3) Levels of inflammatory markers IP-10, TNF-RII, and D-dimer were higher in HIV/CMV coinfected individuals.
CMV coinfection may contribute to the risk of morbid outcomes in treated HIV infection by driving
Clinical Epidemiological Study of Secondary Syphilis - Current Scenarioiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Systematic Review Of Observational Studies By Yusuf Abdu MisauYusuf Misau
This document provides background information on a proposed systematic review and meta-analysis being conducted by Dr. Yusuf Abdu Misau on factors associated with delayed testing and presentation among antiretroviral naive HIV patients. It outlines the objectives to assess causes and effects of late presentation, describes the study design as a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, and discusses the public health significance of identifying factors leading to late presentation to improve HIV patient prognosis and prevention.
This document discusses a study on the correlation between CD4+ cell count and orofacial and systemic manifestations in newly diagnosed HIV positive patients in India. The study involved 100 patients who were grouped based on their CD4+ cell count. Results showed a significant correlation between lower CD4+ cell count and increased prevalence of both systemic manifestations like tuberculosis and orofacial manifestations like oral candidiasis. A literature review found that oral candidiasis was one of the most common oral manifestations reported in various Asian studies on HIV/AIDS patients. The findings suggest that CD4+ cell count can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for immune suppression in HIV positive individuals.
53.Vohra P, Nimonkar S, Belkhode V, Potdar S, Bhanot R, Izna, Tiwari RVC. CD4 cells count as a prognostic marker in HIV patients with comparative analysis of various studies in Asia Pacific region. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 May;9(5):2431-2436. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_137_20. eCollection 2020 May. PubMed PMID: 32754515; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7380754.
This document summarizes a study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B antigenemia among dental students in South India. The study found:
1) A total of 352 dental students participated in the study, with 46% vaccinated against hepatitis B and 54% unvaccinated.
2) All 352 dental students tested negative for hepatitis B surface antigen.
3) While the study found no current hepatitis B infections, the significant number of unvaccinated students indicates a need for improved vaccination programs for dental students to protect against occupational risk of hepatitis B exposure.
ONLINE FUZZY-LOGIC KNOWLEDGE WAREHOUSING AND MINING MODEL FOR THE DIAGNOSIS A...ijcsity
This document presents a model for an online fuzzy-logic knowledge warehousing and mining system for diagnosing and treating HIV/AIDS. The system would store patient data and medical knowledge about HIV/AIDS. It uses fuzzy logic and data mining to predict HIV/AIDS status, monitor patient health over time, and determine recommended treatment plans. The system was tested on real patient data from a hospital in Nigeria. It aims to provide an efficient way to diagnose, treat, and monitor people living with HIV/AIDS.
The study assessed the knowledge and practice of hepatitis B prevention among 192 healthcare workers in a Nigerian hospital. The results showed that:
1) 99.5% of respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B infection, though not all with good knowledge carried out good prevention practices.
2) Most respondents had good knowledge of hepatitis B prevention through vaccination, protective equipment, handwashing, and antiseptics.
3) 60.9% reported good prevention practices, though years of experience was not significantly associated with practice level.
4) Barriers to hepatitis B vaccination included vaccine availability, cost, and needle injection fears.
This document summarizes a longitudinal study examining the effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on CD4 count and body weight in HIV/AIDS patients in Ethiopia. The study analyzed data from 536 patients over 4 years who were receiving ART. Descriptive statistics showed that mean CD4 count increased over time on ART until peaking at time point 6, while mean body weight fluctuated with a maximum at time point 6 as well. The study concluded that ART had positive effects on both CD4 count and body weight outcomes over time for HIV/AIDS patients.
A study was conducted on HIV counseling and testing clients at an integrated counseling and testing center in a tertiary hospital in Odisha, India between 2009-2012. Of the 22,897 clients tested, 1732 (7.5%) tested positive for HIV. Most of the HIV-positive clients were males between 15-49 years old. Client-initiated testing identified more HIV-positive clients than provider-initiated testing. The majority of HIV transmission was found to be through heterosexual contact. There was a need found to increase HIV counseling and testing activities to diagnose more cases of HIV infection.
This study assessed antiretroviral treatment failure and associated risk factors among HIV patients in Sekota, northeast Ethiopia. The researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 295 patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment. They found that 16.6% experienced virological failure and 6.1% experienced immunological failure. Poor adherence, CD4 count below 500 cells/μL, and duration of ART between 6-24 months were associated with virological failure. Poor adherence and drug interruption were associated with immunological failure. The study highlights the need for more efforts to address risk factors and maximize viral load testing to monitor treatment failures.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
This document summarizes a study that examined the oral microbial pathogens isolated in newly diagnosed HIV positive patients in Dakar, Senegal. 57 newly diagnosed HIV patients were included in the study. The patients' CD4 counts, viral loads, and oral examinations were analyzed. Common oral lesions found were pseudomembranous candidiasis, xerostomia, and gingivitis. Microbial pathogens isolated included Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Proteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. There was an inverse correlation between CD4 count and viral load. The frequency of oral lesions and microbial isolates increased with higher viral loads. Most patients had CD4 counts below
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
This document summarizes a study that examined the oral microbial pathogens isolated in newly diagnosed HIV positive patients in Dakar, Senegal. 57 newly diagnosed HIV patients were included in the study. Their CD4 counts, viral loads, and oral examinations were performed. Samples found the most common microbial pathogens were Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Proteus. An inverse correlation was found between CD4 count and viral load. The frequency of oral lesions and microbial isolates increased with higher viral loads. 70% of patients had CD4 counts below 500. The study concludes maintaining a low oral microbial load is important for preventing opportunistic infections in HIV patients.
Knowledge and attitude to human immunodeficiency virus post-exposure prophyla...BRNSSPublicationHubI
This study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of pharmacy, nursing, and medical students regarding HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) at a university in southeastern Nigeria. A survey was administered to 396 students across various levels. The results found poor overall knowledge of HIV PEP, with only 44.63% of nursing, 38.34% of medical, and 34.11% of pharmacy students demonstrating knowledge. However, attitudes were generally favorable, with over 60% of students from each program expressing positive attitudes toward HIV PEP. The study highlights the need for improved educational programs to enhance students' understanding and awareness of HIV PEP protocols.
Evaluation factors contributing to the treatment default by tuberculosis pati...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the biggest public health problem and now ranks alongside Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as the world’s leading infectious cause of death. Globally, patient compliance with anti-TB therapy estimated as low as 40% in developing countries, remains the principle cause of treatment failure. The aim of this study was to establish the factors contributing to treatment default by Tuberculosis patients at ART clinic in Ishaka Adventist Hospital, Bushenyi District. A cross-sectional and descriptive study which employed both qualitative and quantitative approach of data collection were used. The study was conducted in ART clinic at Ishaka Adventist Hospital, Bushenyi District and it took a period of four weeks. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Results showed that out of 38 study participants, majority 26 (68%) were of age 30 years and above. A large proportion 24 (63%) of the participants were unemployed compared to the least 14 (37%) who were employed. Majority 21 (55%) travel at a distance of 10km and above to get TB treatment. Out of 38 participants, majority 26 (68%) did not informed the family or friends when they were on TB treatment. Of 26 participants 16 (61.5%) had fear of being isolated and 2 (7.7%) were other reason of no support. A large proportion of participants rated the attitude of staff who attended to them at the health facility to be unfriendly with 21 (55%) while very few 6 (16%) were rude. The ministry should ensure availability of and access to resources for strengthening systems for delivery of quality tuberculosis treatment, prevention and control.
Keywords: treatment, default, tuberculosis, ART, Uganda
Evaluation factors contributing to the treatment default by tuberculosis pati...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
This document summarizes a study that evaluated factors contributing to treatment default among tuberculosis patients at an ART clinic in Uganda. The study found that the majority of participants were over 30 years old, unemployed, and had to travel over 10km to receive treatment. Most participants were not diagnosed with TB more than a year ago. The majority felt that TB treatment is curative but takes longer than 6 months to complete. Fear of isolation was the most common reason patients did not inform family/friends of their TB status. The study concludes that strengthening TB treatment, prevention, and control systems is needed.
Vohra P, Belkhode V, Nimonkar S, Potdar S, Bhanot R, Izna, Tiwari RVC. Evaluation and diagnostic usefulness of saliva for detection of HIV antibodies: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 May;9(5):2437-2441. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_138_20. eCollection 2020 May. PubMed PMID: 32754516; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7380795
1) The study aimed to evaluate saliva as an alternative to blood for detecting HIV antibodies using ELISA tests.
2) Saliva and blood samples were collected from 100 confirmed HIV-positive patients and 100 healthy controls.
3) ELISA tests found HIV antibodies in 99% of saliva samples and 100% of blood samples from HIV-positive patients. The tests found no HIV antibodies in samples from healthy controls, showing the tests to be 100% specific for blood and 99% specific for saliva.
Evaluation of the Awareness about Hepatitis among Ardabil Medical University ...asclepiuspdfs
Introduction: Hepatitis is one of the five infectious diseases in the world that yearly one million people die and nearly 2 million sufferers from it. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most important cause of liver disease and the major cause of death from hepatitis in Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge about hepatitis among medical students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methodology: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that has been done on 150 students were selected randomly from Ardabil University of Medical Sciences students in 2016. The data collected by a questionnaire consisted of 25 questions. The collected data were analyzed using statistical methods in SPSS version 16. P < 5% was considered significant. Results: Of all students, 56% were female, and the rest of them were male with an average age of 20 years. The average of student knowledge was 11.06. Nursing and health students had the highest and IT students had the lowest level of knowledge. 61.3% of students referred to the use of a common syringe as an agent for the transmission of hepatitis and 62% believed that the level of knowledge of people in the community could prevent the transmission of HBV infection to individuals. Conclusion: The results present study showed that students’ knowledge about HBV was moderate and because of medical personnel is at high risk of infection due to their occupational status. Hence, promoting their level of knowledge about HBV is essential.
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv...CrimsonpublishersCJMI
Comparison of Ultrabio HIV DNA PCR and Gag Real-Time PCR Assays for Total Hiv-1 DNA Quantification by Tuofu Zhu in Cohesive Journal of Microbiology & Infectious Disease
The Study to a Assess the Effectiveness of Tailored Program on Preventive Mea...ijtsrd
AIM the present study aims to assess the effectiveness of tailored program on preventive measures of covid 19 infections among mother having kids below 2 years of age at Smch. METHODS AND MATERIALS A quantitative research design was used for the present study. A total 100 samples were collected using quota sampling technique. The demographic variable and pretest posttest level of preventive measures of covid 19 among mothers having kids below 2 years was assessed using structured questioner, and the mothers were exposed to tailored programme on preventive measures of covid, followed by that data was gathered and analyzed. RESULTS the results the study revealed that there is a significant association between posttest of selected demographic at the level of p 0.01 conclusion Thus, the present despites that factors associated with posttest level of selected demographic. Dayana. B. A. A | Devabharathi M "The Study to a Assess the Effectiveness of Tailored Program on Preventive Measures of Covid 19 Infections among Mother Having Kids Below 2 Years of Age" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60021.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/60021/the-study-to-a-assess-the-effectiveness-of-tailored-program-on-preventive-measures-of-covid-19-infections-among-mother-having-kids-below-2-years-of-age/dayana-b-a-a
This study examined predictors of loss to follow up (LTFU) in patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Ethiopia. The study included 2133 HIV patients who initiated ART between 2005-2013 at a hospital in Ethiopia. 26.7% of patients were lost to follow up, defined as not returning for a refill for at least 3 months. Patients who had regimen substitutions, were adolescents, lacked isoniazid prophylaxis, or had low baseline CD4 counts (<200 cells/mm3) were at higher risk of LTFU. Patients with more advanced clinical stages at initiation were less likely to be lost to follow up. The cumulative incidence of LTFU was 8.
This case report describes an unusual case of pseudo-ankylosis in an 8-year-old child with a history of trauma. Imaging revealed an old fractured right condyle that had been anteriorly displaced and dislocated into the sigmoid notch, where it had fused to the zygomatic arch. Computed tomography with 3D reconstruction clearly showed the displaced condylar fragment. The child underwent surgery to release the ankylotic mass and perform a coronoidectomy to improve mouth opening. Post-operatively, aggressive physiotherapy helped increase the child's maximum interincisal opening. This unique case highlights the importance of accurate imaging and diagnosis for successful treatment of complex facial injuries.
This document provides information about the editors and contributors of the book "Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for the Clinician". It begins with an introduction by the editors explaining the motivation and scope of the book. It aims to be a comprehensive textbook on oral and maxillofacial surgery for clinicians and trainees. The book has contributions from AOMSI members in India as well as 41 international authors to represent global expertise. It contains 22 sections and 88 chapters covering all aspects of cranio-maxillofacial surgery, along with 68 video demonstrations. The editors thank the contributors and AOMSI for their support in producing this open access textbook.
Here are the key points about suction:
- The objective of suction is to maintain a clear airway by removing secretions like saliva, blood or vomit from the mouth or surgical site.
- It prevents aspiration which can lead to infections. Suction also helps surgeons see clearly during procedures.
- Safety considerations include using proper technique to avoid injury, knowing which patients are at risk of aspiration, monitoring for respiratory distress, and addressing other potential causes of distress beyond just secretions.
This document provides an introduction to mixed dentition space analysis. It discusses that during the mixed dentition period, there may be discrepancies between the space available in the dental arches and the size of the teeth. Accurate mixed dentition space analysis is important for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The document outlines that mixed dentition typically lasts from ages 6 to 12 years and is when maximum orthodontic problems can develop due to inadequate space for permanent teeth. It also categorizes different methods for mixed dentition space analysis, including those based on regression equations using measurements of erupted permanent teeth and those using radiographs.
This study compared the antifungal efficacy of various endodontic irrigants, with and without the antifungal agent clotrimazole, against Candida albicans in extracted human teeth. Teeth were inoculated with C. albicans and irrigated with sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine gluconate, doxycycline hydrochloride, or combinations of these with 1% clotrimazole. Colony forming units were significantly lower for sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine alone compared to doxycycline or the control. Adding clotrimazole increased the efficacy of all irrigants, with sodium hypochlorite with clotrimaz
This document discusses the importance of adult immunization and provides guidelines for vaccination against various diseases. It begins by noting that while childhood immunization is well-known, adult immunization is less understood but still important. It then reviews literature on vaccination protocols for adults, including for travel, communicable diseases, hepatitis B, shingles, and more. The document focuses in depth on recommended vaccination for human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It provides vaccination schedules, target groups, and notes the need to increase awareness of adult immunization among healthcare professionals and the public.
Mathew P, Kattimani VS, Tiwari RV, Iqbal MS, Tabassum A, Syed KG. New Classification System for Cleft Alveolus: A Computed Tomography-based Appraisal. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2020 Aug 1;21(8):942-948. PubMed PMID: 33568619
Sahu S, Patley A, Kharsan V, Madan RS, Manjula V, Tiwari RVC. Comparative evaluation of efficacy and latency of twin mix vs 2% lignocaine HCL with 1:80000 epinephrine in surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Feb;9(2):904-908. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_998_19. eCollection 2020 Feb. PubMed PMID: 32318443; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7113948.
- The document discusses animal models that are being used to test vaccines for COVID-19. It conducted a systematic review of studies published between January and August 2020.
- The review identified 20 relevant studies examining nonhuman primates, mice, hamsters, ferrets, cats and dogs. These animal models show some similar responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection as humans such as respiratory symptoms.
- However, the models do not fully mimic the severe complications seen in human COVID-19 patients such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and coagulopathy. While the models provide useful information, they have limitations in replicating the full disease severity in humans.
This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and concerns of 124 dental health professionals in southern India regarding COVID-19. A survey was administered to assess understanding of COVID-19 transmission, oral manifestations, appropriate testing and emergency procedures. The results found good knowledge of COVID-19 and precautions, but some lack of awareness regarding appropriate testing and managing contaminated air. While most respondents understood transmission risks and emergency protocols, there was uncertainty around testing patients and using mouthwashes as prevention. This highlights gaps in knowledge that could be addressed with further education for dental professionals on COVID-19 clinical guidelines.
A 34-year-old male presented with pain and pus discharge from a recently extracted tooth. Radiographs showed two distinct radiolucencies - a large cyst in the left mandible and a smaller cyst in the right mandible. Histological examination found the left cyst to be a radicular cyst and the right cyst to be a dentigerous cyst. This presented a diagnostic dilemma as it is uncommon to have multiple cyst types occurring bilaterally in the mandible without an associated syndrome. Careful radiographic and histological analysis was needed to arrive at the accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Mittal S, Hussain SA, Tiwari RVC, Poovathingal AB, Priya BP, Bhanot R, Tiwari H. Extensive pelvic and abdominal lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly treated with radiotherapy-A case report. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Feb;9(2):1215-1218. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1125_19. eCollection 2020 Feb. PubMed PMID: 32318498; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7113973.
36.Kesharwani P, Hussain SA, Sharma N, Karpathak S, Bhanot R, Kothari S, Tiwari RVC. Massive radicular cyst involving multiple teeth in pediatric mandible- A case report. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Feb;9(2):1253-1256. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1059_19. eCollection 2020 Feb. PubMed PMID: 32318508; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7113959.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central19various
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
2. Vohra, et al.: Oral and systemic manifestations in HIV patients
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 3248 Volume 8 : Issue 10 : October 2019
mechanism by depletion of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4)
cells.[3]
Human immune deficiency virus is a RNA retrovirus
which attacks the immune system leading to suppression of
immunity of a person infected and weakens the body defense to
a level that human body becomes extremely prone to infections
and cross‑infections over a period of time.[4]
This renders the
patient susceptible to opportunistic infections and malignancies.
Absolute CD4 count has been widely used as lab marker for
immune suppression in HIV infection.[5,6]
Specific common oral
lesions and systemic manifestations have been documented to
be related with immune suppression as indicated by CD4 counts
that has been widely studied and reported in developed countries.
However, documentation and relation of CD4 count with oral
and systemic manifestation in Asian countries specifically India
have been sparse.
Thereareconsiderableregionalvariationsintheoralmanifestations
of HIV infection, depending both on the populations studied
and on the clinical heterogeneity. The oral manifestations in Asian
countries as compared to western countries and other developing
nations in Africa and Latin Americas are relatively different. The
constraint of resources in Asian countries hinders the possibility
of providing an effective healthcare system. Though many studies
have been conducted on oral manifestations in HIV, the research
in Asia is currently at a pivotal juncture as the existing research
is getting repetitive.[7,8]
Currently, Asian studies predominantly
focus on prevalence of oral manifestations and assess their
association with parameters of HIV infection, sociodemographic
data, and deleterious habits. Hence, a cross‑sectional study was
undertaken among HIV population in western India, Gujarat
with objectives to (1) to calculate CD4 count of HIV‑positive
patients, (2) to evaluate systemic manifestations of HIV‑positive
patients, (3) to detect oro‑maxillofacial manifestations in
HIV‑positive patients, (4) to compare and correlate systemic
and oro‑maxillofacial manifestations of HIV‑positive patients
with the CD4 count.
HIV infection is a major health concerned in India. The
importance of oral lesions as clinical features have been reported
worldwide. However, there are very few reports on correlation of
systemic and oral manifestations of HIV seropositive individuals
with CD4 count in Indian subcontinent especially the western
region.
Study Population
The total of 100 HIV seropositive subjects were screened
for the cross‑sectional prospective study over a period of
3 years starting from January 2007‑‑2010 with the approval of
institutional research ethical committee SUVEC/ON/20/2007
(dated 20-08-2007) along with approval taken from NACO to
conduct the study. Written informed consents were taken from
all the participants in their regional language. The patients were
selected from outpatient departments of infectious disease,
Dheeraj General Hospital, Department of Oral Medicine and
Radiology, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital Piperia,
Vadodara, and non‑governmental organizations working for
HIV‑positive individuals in Vadodara for a period of over 3 years.
Newly diagnosed HIV seropositive patients before starting
anti‑retroviral therapy (ART) were selected. Participants were
excluded who already started ART and who were not ready to
be part of study preclude informed consent. The personal and
medical history along with the findings of oral examination and
investigations were recorded in the proforma specially designed
for this study. Patients according to CD4+ counts were clustered
into three groups and randomly selected: 0–200 cells/mm3
,
201–499 cells/mm3
, and more than 500 cells/mm3
. A single
examiner trained in oral diagnosis examined and recorded all
oromucosal lesions. Oral lesions were diagnosed according to
presumptive criteria of EEC Clearinghouse Classification.[9]
Statistical analysis
The statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package
for Social Sciences) version 17 statistical analysis software.
The tests used for analysis were t‑test for independent
samples, Chi‑square test, and Pearson’s correlation. Probability
values (P value) were obtained and the statistical significance of
the data was determined.
Results
The study group consisted of total 100 HIV seropositive,
57 (57%) males, and 43 (43%) females. The age range for
study group was from 6 years to 65 years with mean age of
34.14 ± 11.51 years. In study group, out of total 57 males,
40 (70%) were married, 12 (21%) were unmarried, 4 (7%) were
divorcees, and 1 (1.75%) was widower, whereas out of total
43 females, 25 (58.13%) were married, 5 (11.6%) were unmarried,
2 (4.65%) were divorcees, and 11 (25.5%) were widows. Most
common mode of HIV transmission was unprotected sexual
practices (70%) followed by blood transfusion (18%), vertical
transmission (9%), and intravenous drug users (3%). In study
group, mean CD4 count in males was 253.51 ± 220.773, whereas
it was 230.86 ± 153.327 in females. On applying independent
t‑test no correlation was found between CD4 count of males and
females population (P > 0.005). In study group of 100 patients,
55% patients had CD4 count below 200 (Category C), 34%
had CD4 count between 201 and 499 (Category B), and 11%
had CD4 count above 500 (Category A) as shown in Table 1.
Out of total 57 males, 21 (36.8%) had tuberculosis followed by
3 (5.2%) cases of herpes zoster, 2 (3.5%) cases of pneumonia,
1 (1.75%) case of typhoid, jaundice, and malaria each. Out of
total 43 females, 13 (30.2%) had tuberculosis, 2 (4.6%) cases
of pneumonia, 2 (4.6%) cases of anemia, 2 (4.6%) of typhoid.
The most common systemic manifestation in HIV‑positive
patients was tuberculosis [Table 2]. Out of total 55 patients in
the category C, 34 (61.8%) had systemic manifestations. In the
category B, out of 34 patients 12 patients (35.2%) had systemic
manifestations, whereas only 2 (18.1%) patients out of 11 had
systemic manifestation in the category A as shown in Table 3.
On applying Chi‑square test for statistical analysis, P value was
less than 0.05 which showed a significant correlation between
[Downloaded free from http://www.jfmpc.com on Saturday, November 2, 2019, IP: 124.123.32.247]
3. Vohra, et al.: Oral and systemic manifestations in HIV patients
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 3249 Volume 8 : Issue 10 : October 2019
the systemic manifestations and CD4 count categories. In study
group of 100 subjects, 17 (20.2%) had candidiasis, 14 (16.6%)
cases of chronic generalized periodontitis, 9 (10.7%) gingivitis,
7 (8.3%) apthous 6 (7.1%) premalignant lesions and conditions,
4 (4.7%) complained of recurrent apthous ulceration and angular
chelitis each, 3 (3.5%) cases each of erythema multiformae
and hairy leukoplakia, 2 (2.3%) herpes zoster, herpes labialis,
and periodontal abscess each and remaining others had single
lesions like fissured tongue, mucous patches of secondary
syphilis, acute necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, linear gingival
erythema, molluscum contagiosum, and oral pemphigus as seen
in Figure 1. The most common oral manifestation in males
was found to be candidiasis 12 (21%) and chronic generalized
periodontitis in 11 (19.2%) cases with an average CD4 count
of 322.46 ± 219.14 and 191.76 ± 120.05, respectively, whereas
in females the common oral manifestations was candidiasis
and apthous in 5 (11.6%) cases with an average CD4 count of
191.76 ± 120.05 and 130.08 ± 77.35, respectively. Most frequently
encountered variant of candidiasis was pseudo‑membranous
candidiasis in total 9 (52.9%) patients (5 males and 4 females),
while 6 (35.2%) patients (5 males, 1 female) had erythmatous
candidiasis and only 2 (11.7%) patients (2 males) had hyperplastic
type of candidiasis. Thus, the most common oral manifestation
was candidiasis in males and candidiasis and recurrent apthous
in females [Table 4]. In study group out of 100 HIV‑positive
patients, 84 showed oral manifestations. In the category of CD4
count below 200 (Category C) out of 55 patients, 54 (99%) had
oral manifestations. In patients having CD4 count between 200
and 499 (Category B) out of 34 patients, 30 patients (88.2%)
had oral manifestations whereas no oral manifestations (0%)
were seen in patients with CD4 count above 500 (Category A).
On applying Chi‑square test for statistical analysis, P value was
less than 0.05 (0.027) which showed a significant correlation
between the oral manifestations and CD4 count categories
(Figure 2 and Table 5).
Discussion
Oral health is general health. Screening and diagnosis is crucial
to understand the disease and obtain a certain diagnosis.
Counteractive action and treatment of HIV contamination have
changed impressively in the previous couple of years. Refreshed
screening proposals give family doctors a significant job in
evaluating patients in danger of HIV disease, distinguishing the
individuals who are tainted, and suggesting treatment choices.
Oral manifestations of HIV gives us probable diagnosis to
undergo definitive diagnosis for proper care. Family doctors may
choose to allude a few patients to a HIV sub‑specialist for helpful
medications, they may keep on giving irregular or ceaseless
consideration to these patients. Additionally, it is significant for
family doctors to perceive intricacies of treatment and potential
prescription communication. This is prime form in primary care.
HIV‑associated oral lesions are frequent and often an early finding
in HIV infection.[10]
These lesions are not only important for
morbidity but also helpful for diagnostic value in monitoring
the immune status of patient. CD4 count can be easily used as
prognostic marker in cases of HIV infections. The fall in CD4
count below 200/µml leads to severe immune deficiency which
Table 3: Correlation of CD4 count categories with
systemic manifestations
CATEGORIES CD4‑COUNT TOTAL
PATIENTS
SYTEMIC
MANIFESTATIONS
A >500 11 2
B 200‑‑499 34 12
C <200 55 34 (P<0.05)
Table 2: Systemic manifestations in study group
Most Common Systemic
Features
Study Group (n=100)
MALE (n=57) FEMALE (n=43)
Tuberculosis 21 13
Pneumonia 2 2
Anemia 0 2
Jaundice 1 0
Typhoid 1 2
Herpes 3 0
Malaria 1 0
17
14
9
7
6
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
CANDIDIASIS
GINGIVITIS
PREMALIGNANT LESIONS
RAU
HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA
HERPES ZOOSTER
PERIODONTAL ABSCESS
ORAL SYPHILIS
ANUG
VIRAL STOMATITIS
MOLLUSCUM COTAGIOSUM
Figure 1: Oral manifestations in HIV‑positive patients
Table 1: Gender‑wise distribution of study group
according to CD4 count categories
CATEGORIES CD4 COUNTS MALES FEMALES
A >500 7 4
B 200‑‑499 17 17
C <200 33 22
TOTAL ‑‑ 57 43
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
CGP
CANDIDIASIS
APTHOUS
ORALMELNOSIS
GINGIVITIS
PREMALIGNANT
LESIONS
Figure 2: Correlation of oral manifestation with CD‑4 count
[Downloaded free from http://www.jfmpc.com on Saturday, November 2, 2019, IP: 124.123.32.247]
4. Vohra, et al.: Oral and systemic manifestations in HIV patients
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 3250 Volume 8 : Issue 10 : October 2019
can be easily manifested in form of various oral and systemic
manifestations. This has been studied by various researchers
since 1994.[8,10‑12]
Glick et al. in 1994 suggested oral manifestation
associated with HIV related disease as marker for immune
suppression and AIDS. Greenspan et al. in 1997 suggested the
epidemiological significance of oral manifestation in HIV disease.
We calculated CD4 count of study group and their systemic and
oral manifestations were recorded in a preformed proforma.
The mean average CD4 count in males was 253.51 ± 220.73
and 230.86 ± 153.32 in females, respectively. Thus there was no
significant difference in the average CD4 counts of males and
females as previously reported by Campisi et al. in 2001 and K.
Rangnathan et al. in 2004.[13,14]
The average CD4 count in males
and females recorded by Campisi et al. and K. Rangnathan et al.
is given in Table 6.
The distribution of study population was done according to
CD4 count by EEC clearing house classification as categories
A (CD4 count above 500), B (CD4 count between 201 and
499) and C (CD4 count below 200). It was found that 7 (7%)
males and 4 (4%) females had CD4 count above 500 (Category
A), whereas 17 (17%) males and females each had CD4 count
between 200 and 499 (Category B). There were 33 (33%) males
and 22 (22%) females had CD4 count below 200 (Category C).
In study group, 48 (48%) of HIV‑positive individual had
systemic manifestation. The systemic manifestations were seen
in 2 (18.1%), 12 (35.2%), and 34 (61.8%) patients in category A,
B, and C, respectively. On applying Chi‑square test, the P value
was less than 0.05 which suggested a significant correlation
between the systemic manifestations and CD4 counts categories.
There were 29 males and 19 females in which the systemic
manifestations were recorded. Out of 29 males, 21 (72.4%)
had tuberculosis followed by 3 (10.3%) cases of herpes zoster,
2 (6.8%) cases of pneumonia, 1 (3.4%) cases of typhoid,
jaundice, and malaria each. Out of 19 females, 13 (68.4%)
had tuberculosis, 2 (10.5%) cases of pneumonia, anemia, and
typhoid each.
Thus, the most common systemic manifestation in HIV‑positive
males and females was tuberculosis (70.4%) and the average CD4
count of these patients was 190.58 ± 149.01 which was congruent
to previous studies conducted by K. Ranganathan et al. in the
year 2000 and 2004.[8,14]
In the study group, 84 (84%) patients had oral manifestations.
The oral manifestation were seen in 30 (88.2%) and 54 (99%)
individuals in Category B and C, respectively, whereas no oral
manifestations were noted in Category A. These results were
highly significant with P value of 0.027 (<0.05), suggesting
correlation of oral manifestation with CD4 count categories.
Similar high frequency of 76.5% and 85% of oral lesions in
HIV‑positive patients have also been reported by Marcenes et al.
in 1998 and Bravo et al. in 2006, respectively, but recent study by
Erick et al. in 2008 only, 47% of total 79 HIV‑positive patients
exhibited oral lesions.
In our study, 17 (20.2%) had candidiasis, 14 (16.6%) cases of
chronic generalized periodontitis, 9 (10.7%) had gingivitis,
7 (8.3%) cases of apthous, 6 (7.1%) premalignant lesions
and conditions, 4 (4.7%) complained of recurrent apthous
ulceration and angular chelitis each, 3 (3.5%) cases each of
erythema multiformae and hairy leukoplakia, 2 (2.3%) cases of
herpes zoster, herpes labialis, and periodontal abscess each and
remaining others had single lesions like fissured tongue, acute
necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, linear gingival erythema,
molluscum contagiosum, and oral pemphigus.
Out of total 84, the oral manifestations were seen in 48 (57%)
males and 36 (42.8%) females.
The common oral manifestations recorded in males
were candidiasis (25%), followed by chronic generalized
periodontitis (22.9%), apthous stomatitis (16.6%),
gingivitis (10.4%), and premalignant lesions (8.3%).
Table 4: Most common oral manifestation in males and females of HIV patients
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS TOTAL (n=84) MALES (n=48) FEMALES (n=36) AVG CD4 COUNT STD DEVIATION
Candidiasis 17 12 5 191.76 120.05
Chronic Generalized Periodontitis 14 11 3 322.466 219.14
Apthous 13 8 5 130.08 77.35
Gingivitis 9 5 4 553.4 273.96
Premalignant Lesions 6 4 2 221.857 99.8
Table 5: Correlation of CD4 count categories with oral
manifestations
CATEGORIES CD4
COUNT
TOTAL
PATEINTS
ORAL
MANIFESTATIONS
A >500 11 0
B 200‑‑499 34 30
C <200 55 54 P<0.05
Table 6: Gender‑wise comparison of CD4 counts with
previous studies
Author Year CD4 count
Males Females
Campisi et al. 2001 325.3±144 225.3±124
K. Ranganathan et al. 2004 295.28±270.53 453.77±376.98
Vohra et al. 2010 253.51±220.73 230.86±153.32
[Downloaded free from http://www.jfmpc.com on Saturday, November 2, 2019, IP: 124.123.32.247]
5. Vohra, et al.: Oral and systemic manifestations in HIV patients
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 3251 Volume 8 : Issue 10 : October 2019
The common oral manifestations recorded in females were
candidiasis (13.8%) and apthous stomatitis (13.8%), followed by
chronic generalized periodontitis (8.3%), gingivitis (11.1%), and
premalignant lesions (5.5%).
Unlike the previous studies by Campisi et al. and K. Rangnathan
et al., no significant difference was found in prevalence of oral
lesions in both sexes in our study.[13,14]
Campisi et al. found the
higher prevalence of oral lesions in males, whereas K. Rangnathan
et al. found higher prevalence of oral lesions in females.
The most common oral manifestation in males and females was
found to be candidiasis (19.4%) with the average CD4 count
of 191 ± 120.05 and the most common variant of candidiasis
encountered was pseudomembranous type. These results are
consistent with findings by various other investigators[8,15‑18]
who examined oral lesions and conditions associated with
HIV‑positive patients.
It was found that decrease in CD4 count is associated with a
range of oral and systemic manifestations and can be used as
prognostic immune depression markers which could be helpful
for management of AIDS patients. These results were congruent
with previous studies.[8,9,11,14‑21]
Conclusion
The main mode of HIV transmission in males is unprotected
sexual practices with multiple partners including commercial
sex workers by heterosexual route and most of women has
acquired HIV infection from there infected spouses. There was
no significant difference in the average CD4 count of males and
females. Most common systemic manifestation of HIV‑positive
patients in both males and females was tuberculosis. Oral
manifestations were recorded in almost all HIV‑positive patients
with CD4 count below 500. There is equal prevalence of oral
lesions in both sexes. Most common oral manifestation in both
males and females is candidiasis with CD4 count below 200.
Limitation of the study is that there was no significant correlation
between any particular oral lesion and CD4 count. There is
a significant correlation between decrease in CD4 count and
prevalence of oral lesions, therefore decrease in CD4 count can
be used as a prognostic marker in HIV‑positive patients but to
exactly pin point which particular oral or systemic manifestation
has to have direct correlation with disease progress and formulate
a classification based on that similar studies with larger sample
size and different geographical locations in India have to be
conducted.
Summary
Correlation of CD4 count with oral and systemic manifestation
in HIV patient demonstrate the role of oral physician in
identification, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV associated
lesions, providing proper guidance to the patient and allowing
for an early diagnosis and treatment of the disease, which is
fundamental for a successful management of the life conditions
of HIV infected patients.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Kirpa foundation, Vadodara and Supratech
laboratories Ahmedabad for providing the CD4 count reports.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate
patient consent forms. In the form the patient(s) has/have
given his/her/their consent for his/her/their images and other
clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patients
understand that their names and initials will not be published and
due efforts will be made to conceal their identity, but anonymity
cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
References
1. Piot P, Quinn TC. The AIDS pandemic – A global health
paradigm. N Engl J Med 2013;368:2210‑8.
2. AIDS Epidemic Update. UNAIDS. 2018. Available from:
http://www.unaids.org.
3. Frimpong P, Amponsah EK, Abebrese J, Kim SM. Oral
manifestations and their correlation to baseline CD4
count of HIV/AIDS patients in Ghana. J Korean Assoc Oral
Maxillofac Surg 2017;43:29‑36.
4. Khongkunthian P, Grote M, Isaratanan W, Piyaworawong S,
Reichart PA. Oral manifestation in 45 HIV‑positive children
in Northern Thailand. J Oral Pathol Med 2001;30:549‑52.
5. Ranganathan K, Umadevi M, Saraswathi TR, Kumarasamy N,
Solomon S, Johnson N. Oral lesions and conditions
associated with human immunodeficiency infection in 1000
seropositive south Indian patients. Ann Acad Med Singapore
2004;33(Suppl):37‑42.
6. Sharma G, Pai KM, Setty S, Ramapuram JT, Nagpal A. Oral
manifestation as predictors of immunue suppression in
HIV/AIDS infected population in South India. Clin Oral
Invest 2008;10:78‑84.
7. Greenspan JS, Greenspan D. Oral Manifestations of HIV
Infection. Hong Kong: Quintessence Publishers; 1995.
8. Greenspan JS. Sentinels and signposts the epidemiology
significance of oral manifestation of HIV disease. Oral Dis
1997;3(Suppl 1):S13‑7.
9. Bravo IM, Correnti M, Escalona L, Perrone M, Brito A, Tovar V,
et al. Prevalence of oral lesions in HIV patients related to
CD4 cell count and viral load in a Venezuelan population.
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2006;11:E33‑9.
10. Ranganathan K, Reddy BV, Kumarasamy N, Solomon S,
Viswanathan R, Johnson NW. Oral lesions and conditions
associated with human immune deficiency virus infection
in 300 south Indian patients. Oral Dis 2000;6:152‑7.
11. Campisi G, Pizzo G, Mancuso S, Margiotta V. Gender
[Downloaded free from http://www.jfmpc.com on Saturday, November 2, 2019, IP: 124.123.32.247]
6. Vohra, et al.: Oral and systemic manifestations in HIV patients
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 3252 Volume 8 : Issue 10 : October 2019
differences in HIV related oral lesions an Italian study. Oral
Surg Oral Med Oral Path Oral Endod 2001;91:546‑51.
12. Junaid A, et al. Oral manifestations of HIV or AIDS review
with a study. JIAOMR 1999;10:10-5.
13. Khongkunthian P, Grote M, Isaratanan W, Plyaworawong S,
Reichart PA. Oral manifestations in HIV‑positive adults from
Northern Thailand. J Oral Pathol Med 2001;30:220-3.
14. Shobhana A, Guha SK, Neogi DK. Mucocutaneous
manifestation of HIV infection. Indian J Dermatol, Venerol,
Leprol 2004;70:84‑8.
15. Annapurna CS, Prince CN, Sivaraj S, Ali IM. Oral
manifestations of HIV patients in South Indian population.
J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2012;4:S364‑8.
16. Sharma G, Oberoi SS, Vohra P, Nagpal A. Oral manifestations
of HIV/AIDS in Asia: Systematic review and future research
guidelines. J Clin Exp Dent 2015;7:419-27.
17. El Howati A, Tappuni A. Systematic review of the changing
pattern of the oral manifestations of HIV. J Invest Clin Dent
2018;9:e12351.
18. Lahoti S, Rao K, Umadevi HS, Mishra L. Correlation of
mucocutaneous manifestations of HIV‑infected patients
in an ART center with CD4 counts. Indian J Dent Res
2017;28:549‑54.
19. Pedreira EN, Cardoso CL, Barroso Edo C, Santos JA,
Fonseca FP, Taveira LA. Epidemiological and oral
manifestations of HIV‑positive patients in a specialized
service in Brazil. J Appl Oral Sci 2008;16:369‑75.
20. Lourenço AG, Figueiredo LT. Oral lesions in Brazilian
individuals having HIV. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal
2008;13:E281‑6.
21. Ratnam M, Nayyar AS, Reddy DS, Ruparani B, Chalapathi KV,
Azmi SM. CD4 cell counts and oral manifestations in
HIV infected and AIDS patients. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol
2018;22:282.
[Downloaded free from http://www.jfmpc.com on Saturday, November 2, 2019, IP: 124.123.32.247]