- The document discusses animal models that are being used to test vaccines for COVID-19. It conducted a systematic review of studies published between January and August 2020.
- The review identified 20 relevant studies examining nonhuman primates, mice, hamsters, ferrets, cats and dogs. These animal models show some similar responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection as humans such as respiratory symptoms.
- However, the models do not fully mimic the severe complications seen in human COVID-19 patients such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and coagulopathy. While the models provide useful information, they have limitations in replicating the full disease severity in humans.
O ptimization of hyrozycloroquine in mangement of covid 19Ahmed Ali
A published article which explains in details why hydroxychloroquine provided conflicting results in Covid-19. This because reflection of its pharmacokinetics, especially ion traping.
This review study was conducted on the information of COVID-19 ethio-pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, complication and
Management, and we have compiled the most recent information on the methods and pharmacological agents used in the diagnosis
and treatment of Coronavirus disease, including pharmacological approaches, fluid therapy, oxygen therapy, Adoptive T cell therapy,
Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy, Nano medicine approaches in COVID-19 and Vaccination approaches.
A broad perspective on COVID-19: a global pandemic and a focus on preventive ...LucyPi1
Abstract Coronavirus 2019 has become a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, a strain of novel coronavirus, which challenges millions of global healthcare facilities. Coronavirus are sub-microscopic, single stranded positive sense RNA viruses that leads to multi organ dysfunction syndrome, severe acute and chronic respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia. The spike glycoprotein structure of the virus causes the viral protein to bind with the receptors on the lung and gut through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. In some cases, the infected patients become hyper to the immune system because of the uncontrolled production of cytokines resulting in “cytokine storm”, a devastating consequence of coronavirus disease 2019. Due to the rapid mutant strain and infective nature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, discovering a drug or developing a vaccine remains a global challenge. However, some anti-viral agents, certain protease inhibitor drugs, non-steroidal inflammatory drugs and convalescent plasma treatment were suggested. The containment and social distancing measures only aim at reducing the rate of new infections. In this view, we suggest certain traditional herbs and complementary and alternative medicine as a supporting public healthcare measure to boost the immune system and also may provide some lead to treat and prevent this infection.
Innovative Solutions to Combat Spread & Management of Covid-19Sidharth Mehta
As we know, COVID-19 is spreading worldwide and its only treatment is just Prevention from it. However there is no specific Drug/Medicine till available for this disease. In this report I try to demonstrate some Innovative Solutions to Combat Spread & Management of Covid-19. Hope you guys like this report..Please Let me know some suggestions if you have in the comment section below. #STAYHOME #STAYSAFE
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Coronavirus: medical management in a developed country that is china versus a...Vedica Sethi
The systemic review has focused on to compare the available treatment options applied by China and India to manage the current pandemic situation, in their respective countries.
O ptimization of hyrozycloroquine in mangement of covid 19Ahmed Ali
A published article which explains in details why hydroxychloroquine provided conflicting results in Covid-19. This because reflection of its pharmacokinetics, especially ion traping.
This review study was conducted on the information of COVID-19 ethio-pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, complication and
Management, and we have compiled the most recent information on the methods and pharmacological agents used in the diagnosis
and treatment of Coronavirus disease, including pharmacological approaches, fluid therapy, oxygen therapy, Adoptive T cell therapy,
Mesenchymal stromal cell therapy, Nano medicine approaches in COVID-19 and Vaccination approaches.
A broad perspective on COVID-19: a global pandemic and a focus on preventive ...LucyPi1
Abstract Coronavirus 2019 has become a highly infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, a strain of novel coronavirus, which challenges millions of global healthcare facilities. Coronavirus are sub-microscopic, single stranded positive sense RNA viruses that leads to multi organ dysfunction syndrome, severe acute and chronic respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia. The spike glycoprotein structure of the virus causes the viral protein to bind with the receptors on the lung and gut through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. In some cases, the infected patients become hyper to the immune system because of the uncontrolled production of cytokines resulting in “cytokine storm”, a devastating consequence of coronavirus disease 2019. Due to the rapid mutant strain and infective nature of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, discovering a drug or developing a vaccine remains a global challenge. However, some anti-viral agents, certain protease inhibitor drugs, non-steroidal inflammatory drugs and convalescent plasma treatment were suggested. The containment and social distancing measures only aim at reducing the rate of new infections. In this view, we suggest certain traditional herbs and complementary and alternative medicine as a supporting public healthcare measure to boost the immune system and also may provide some lead to treat and prevent this infection.
Innovative Solutions to Combat Spread & Management of Covid-19Sidharth Mehta
As we know, COVID-19 is spreading worldwide and its only treatment is just Prevention from it. However there is no specific Drug/Medicine till available for this disease. In this report I try to demonstrate some Innovative Solutions to Combat Spread & Management of Covid-19. Hope you guys like this report..Please Let me know some suggestions if you have in the comment section below. #STAYHOME #STAYSAFE
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Coronavirus: medical management in a developed country that is china versus a...Vedica Sethi
The systemic review has focused on to compare the available treatment options applied by China and India to manage the current pandemic situation, in their respective countries.
Current Status and Future Perspective of Rapid Diagnostic Kits Vaccine agains...ijtsrd
Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID 19 , which causes serious respiratory illness such as pneumonia and lung failure, was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China. The etiological agent of COVID 19 has been confirmed as a novel coronavirus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 , which is most likely originated from zoonotic coronaviruses, like SARS CoV, which emerged in 2002. Rapid diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics are important interventions for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus 2019 nCoV outbreak. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID 19 are available and several repurposing therapeutics for COVID 19 have shown to be clinically effective. In addition, global institutions and companies have begun to develop vaccines for the prevention of COVID 19. Here, we review the current status of, diagnosis, and vaccine development for COVID 19. M A Nandedkar | R A Shinde | S S Bansode "Current Status and Future Perspective of Rapid Diagnostic Kits / Vaccine against COVID-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30977.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/30977/current-status-and-future-perspective-of-rapid-diagnostic-kits--vaccine-against-covid19/m-a-nandedkar
Should All Patients Having Planned Procedures or Surgeries Be Tested for COVI...JohnJulie1
The current pandemic of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in lockdown in many countries culminating in a major socio-economic crisis globally. COVID-19 can remain asymptomatic and so is crucial for early diagnosis to prevent further spread of this pandemic.
Should All Patients Having Planned Procedures or Surgeries Be Tested for COVI...suppubs1pubs1
The current pandemic of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in lockdown in many countries culminating in a major socio-economic crisis globally. COVID-19 can remain asymptomatic and so is crucial for early diagnosis to prevent further spread of this pandemic. Here we highlight the importance of screening asymptomatic patients prior to elective surgery, procedure or scheduled hospital admission. This analysis was done for the month of July 2020 during which 261 asymptomatic people were screened for COVID-19. Out of this, 6 patients (2.29%) were diagnosed to have COVID-19 on nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal swabs and subsequently had to delay their elective procedure or surgery. This clearly shows how important it is to screen this cohort of asymptomatic people who could potentially have spread the virus to other patients as well as healthcare professionals.
Covid-19: risk assessment and mitigation measures in healthcare and non healt...Ahmed Hasham
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the third emerging human coronavirus, leading to fatal respiratory
distress and pneumonia. The disease originated in December 2019 in Wuhan City,
Hubei province, China. As of 23 November 2021, over 258 million cases and 5.1 million deaths
have been reported in more than 222 countries and territories worldwide. The COVID-19 is
under biological hazards group 4 of high risk of spreading to the community with the potential
to overwhelm the health system, especially in resource limited countries. Transmission
of COVID-19 within healthcare and non-healthcare facilities has been recorded. Therefore,
several authorities such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), and other global partners issued guidance to mitigate the
COVID-19 pandemic in these facilities. A global emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic
requires various studies of mitigation measures and risk assessment. The Failure Mode and
Effects Analysis (FMEA) was used as a tool for risk assessment in healthcare and clinical
fields that assigns a numerical value to each risk associated with failure. Therefore, in this
review, the FMEA procedure was used to evaluate the COVID-19 risks and risk groups in
health care and non-healthcare workplaces. Proposed mitigation measures and risk ranking
tools were also summarized. The COVID-19 transmission risk should be theoretically and
practically reduced by applying the best hygienic practices. However, providing safe work
practices must be improved for infection control measures in healthcare and non-healthcare
workplaces. Additionally, it is recommended to reassess the risk of COVID-19 infection from
time to time, especially after vaccines availability.
Treatment of COVID-19; old tricks for new challengesLuisaSarlat
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which appeared in December 2019, presents a global challenge, particularly in the rapid increase of critically ill patients with pneumonia and absence of definitive treatment. To date, over 81,000 cases have been confirmed, with over 2700 deaths. The mortality appears to be around 2%; early published data indicate 25.9% with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia required ICU admission and 20.1% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome
Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with covid...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help
clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale
for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future.
The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).[4] The outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019, and was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020.[5] As of 25 March, more than 422,000 cases of COVID-19 have been reported in more than 190 countries and territories, resulting in more than 18,900 deaths and more than 109,000 recoveries.
Clinical Research Centre (CRC) Perak (Hospital Ipoh, Hospital Taiping, Hospital Seri Manjung) has just released their new Network Bulletin. This edition focused on COVID-19 Vaccine Trial and COVID-19 Research Priorities.
Current Status and Future Perspective of Rapid Diagnostic Kits Vaccine agains...ijtsrd
Coronavirus disease 2019 COVID 19 , which causes serious respiratory illness such as pneumonia and lung failure, was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China. The etiological agent of COVID 19 has been confirmed as a novel coronavirus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS CoV 2 , which is most likely originated from zoonotic coronaviruses, like SARS CoV, which emerged in 2002. Rapid diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics are important interventions for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus 2019 nCoV outbreak. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID 19 are available and several repurposing therapeutics for COVID 19 have shown to be clinically effective. In addition, global institutions and companies have begun to develop vaccines for the prevention of COVID 19. Here, we review the current status of, diagnosis, and vaccine development for COVID 19. M A Nandedkar | R A Shinde | S S Bansode "Current Status and Future Perspective of Rapid Diagnostic Kits / Vaccine against COVID-19" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30977.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/analytical-chemistry/30977/current-status-and-future-perspective-of-rapid-diagnostic-kits--vaccine-against-covid19/m-a-nandedkar
Should All Patients Having Planned Procedures or Surgeries Be Tested for COVI...JohnJulie1
The current pandemic of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in lockdown in many countries culminating in a major socio-economic crisis globally. COVID-19 can remain asymptomatic and so is crucial for early diagnosis to prevent further spread of this pandemic.
Should All Patients Having Planned Procedures or Surgeries Be Tested for COVI...suppubs1pubs1
The current pandemic of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in lockdown in many countries culminating in a major socio-economic crisis globally. COVID-19 can remain asymptomatic and so is crucial for early diagnosis to prevent further spread of this pandemic. Here we highlight the importance of screening asymptomatic patients prior to elective surgery, procedure or scheduled hospital admission. This analysis was done for the month of July 2020 during which 261 asymptomatic people were screened for COVID-19. Out of this, 6 patients (2.29%) were diagnosed to have COVID-19 on nasopharyngeal/ oropharyngeal swabs and subsequently had to delay their elective procedure or surgery. This clearly shows how important it is to screen this cohort of asymptomatic people who could potentially have spread the virus to other patients as well as healthcare professionals.
Covid-19: risk assessment and mitigation measures in healthcare and non healt...Ahmed Hasham
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the third emerging human coronavirus, leading to fatal respiratory
distress and pneumonia. The disease originated in December 2019 in Wuhan City,
Hubei province, China. As of 23 November 2021, over 258 million cases and 5.1 million deaths
have been reported in more than 222 countries and territories worldwide. The COVID-19 is
under biological hazards group 4 of high risk of spreading to the community with the potential
to overwhelm the health system, especially in resource limited countries. Transmission
of COVID-19 within healthcare and non-healthcare facilities has been recorded. Therefore,
several authorities such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), and other global partners issued guidance to mitigate the
COVID-19 pandemic in these facilities. A global emergency due to the COVID-19 pandemic
requires various studies of mitigation measures and risk assessment. The Failure Mode and
Effects Analysis (FMEA) was used as a tool for risk assessment in healthcare and clinical
fields that assigns a numerical value to each risk associated with failure. Therefore, in this
review, the FMEA procedure was used to evaluate the COVID-19 risks and risk groups in
health care and non-healthcare workplaces. Proposed mitigation measures and risk ranking
tools were also summarized. The COVID-19 transmission risk should be theoretically and
practically reduced by applying the best hygienic practices. However, providing safe work
practices must be improved for infection control measures in healthcare and non-healthcare
workplaces. Additionally, it is recommended to reassess the risk of COVID-19 infection from
time to time, especially after vaccines availability.
Treatment of COVID-19; old tricks for new challengesLuisaSarlat
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which appeared in December 2019, presents a global challenge, particularly in the rapid increase of critically ill patients with pneumonia and absence of definitive treatment. To date, over 81,000 cases have been confirmed, with over 2700 deaths. The mortality appears to be around 2%; early published data indicate 25.9% with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia required ICU admission and 20.1% developed acute respiratory distress syndrome
Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with covid...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help
clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale
for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future.
The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).[4] The outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019, and was recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020.[5] As of 25 March, more than 422,000 cases of COVID-19 have been reported in more than 190 countries and territories, resulting in more than 18,900 deaths and more than 109,000 recoveries.
Clinical Research Centre (CRC) Perak (Hospital Ipoh, Hospital Taiping, Hospital Seri Manjung) has just released their new Network Bulletin. This edition focused on COVID-19 Vaccine Trial and COVID-19 Research Priorities.
Similar to 64th Publication- JPBS- 7th Name.pdf (20)
60.Srinivasan S, Velusamy G, Munshi MAI, Radhakrishnan K, Tiwari RVC. Comparative Study of Antifungal Efficacy of Various Endodontic Irrigants with and without Clotrimazole in Extracted Teeth Inoculated with Candida albicans. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2020 Dec 1;21(12):1325-1330. PubMed PMID: 33893253.
Mathew P, Kattimani VS, Tiwari RV, Iqbal MS, Tabassum A, Syed KG. New Classification System for Cleft Alveolus: A Computed Tomography-based Appraisal. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2020 Aug 1;21(8):942-948. PubMed PMID: 33568619
Sahu S, Patley A, Kharsan V, Madan RS, Manjula V, Tiwari RVC. Comparative evaluation of efficacy and latency of twin mix vs 2% lignocaine HCL with 1:80000 epinephrine in surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molar. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Feb;9(2):904-908. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_998_19. eCollection 2020 Feb. PubMed PMID: 32318443; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7113948.
65.Izna, Sasank Kuntamukkula VK, Khanna SS, Salokhe O, Chandra Tiwari RV, Tiwari H. Knowledge and Apprehension of Dental Health Professionals Pertaining to COVID in Southern India: A Questionnaire Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2021 Jun;13(Suppl 1):S448-S451. doi: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_551_20. Epub 2021 Jun 5. PubMed PMID: 34447131; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8375944.
Vohra P, Belkhode V, Nimonkar S, Potdar S, Bhanot R, Izna, Tiwari RVC. Evaluation and diagnostic usefulness of saliva for detection of HIV antibodies: A cross-sectional study. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 May;9(5):2437-2441. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_138_20. eCollection 2020 May. PubMed PMID: 32754516; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7380795
Mittal S, Hussain SA, Tiwari RVC, Poovathingal AB, Priya BP, Bhanot R, Tiwari H. Extensive pelvic and abdominal lymphadenopathy with hepatosplenomegaly treated with radiotherapy-A case report. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Feb;9(2):1215-1218. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1125_19. eCollection 2020 Feb. PubMed PMID: 32318498; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7113973.
36.Kesharwani P, Hussain SA, Sharma N, Karpathak S, Bhanot R, Kothari S, Tiwari RVC. Massive radicular cyst involving multiple teeth in pediatric mandible- A case report. J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Feb;9(2):1253-1256. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1059_19. eCollection 2020 Feb. PubMed PMID: 32318508; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7113959.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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2. S32 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Supplement 1 ¦ June 2021
Moothedath, et al.: COVID and animal trails
seriously affected and thus end up with multi‑organ
failure leading to death of the patient.[2]
Spike protein
binding is the main aspect which hastens the entry of
virus particle inside human cells, which is facilitated by
binding with angiotensin‑converting enzyme‑2 (ACE 2)
protein on the host cell.[3]
This increases the propensity
of the infection, with mortality rate up to 5.8% with
an average of 3.4% and covering almost 210 countries
worldwide.[4,5]
Hence, it is a matter of great concern that
progress in the field of drug and vaccine development
is increased at a breakneck speed. Pharmaceutical
companies are trying to manufacture a potent vaccine
by either using a weakened virus/or viral particle,
viral RNA, or utilizing the target mechanism of spike
protein, which allows entry of virus inside host cells.[6]
An effective and prompt immune response against this
virus is the endpoint considered in vaccine studies.
Hence, to generate a high‑level immune response,
certain specific antigens are considered as the ideal
candidate for vaccine production, but it requires host as
well. This is where animal models come into the picture
so that testing can be done easily without harming
human lives.[7]
However, currently, the animal models
used for production of vaccines against severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) are
still under testing phase for many vaccine candidates,
and more so the virus should induce similar pattern of
disease and pathogenesis, as in humans, for successful
vaccine generation.[8]
Therefore, it is important to
summarize if any of the animal models which are
being currently used are turning out to be effective host
reservoir.
Methods
Search strategy and selection criteria
A systematic review was hence conducted according to
the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
and Meta‑analysis guidelines[9]
where studies which
had laid emphasis on the generation of animal models
against coronavirus infection were considered as the
endpoint [Table 1].
Included studies
Researches where animal models were used for vaccine
generation against COVID‑19 infection were considered.
Articles which were between January 1, 2020, and
August 20, 2020 were included in the review.
Excluded studies
During the course of searching articles for our systematic
review, the articles where only abstracts were available
and the ones which were based on SARS and Middle
East respiratory syndrome (MERS) as primary infection
were excluded from our search criteria. Articles which
were published in languages other than English were
also excluded.
Data extraction
Data from articles were extracted individually by two
reviewers, which were used to construct the tables.
Quality assessment
Quality of each publication was evaluated by two
independent reviewers. This review addressed various
domains: vaccine production, quality of immune
response, active immunity, dose of administration, and
pathogenesis of the disease in animal models.
Assessment of risk of bias and applicability in
included studies
Assessment of risk of bias and its inclusion in the
studies were comprehended by reviewers independently.
SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool was used for quality
evaluation of animal studies and Nature Publication
Quality Improvement Project score sheet was used to
assess in vitro studies.[10,11]
Results
During our search on MEDLINE and various other
Internet platforms and servers, we identified 69 studies
and 94 preprints, of which 143 articles were excluded
as many were not original articles, not related to
COVID‑19 infection. Only 20 articles were consistent
with our inclusion and exclusion criterion. Our research
64 articles identified in
Pubmed
94 reprints identified in
BioRxiv and MedRxiv
163 preprint articles screened
123 articles excluded
following abstract screening
40 articles read in full
20 articles included
7 preprints
76 unrelated to animal models
35 not original research
12 animal models without
SARS-COV-2 inoculation
20 articles excluded with no
SARS-CoV-2 or missing data
13 peer-reviewed articles
Table 1: Flow diagram illustrating the process of study selection. A
systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting
Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- analysis
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3. S33
Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Supplement 1 ¦ June 2021
Moothedath, et al.: COVID and animal trails
articles focused on nonhuman primates, mice, hamsters,
ferrets, cats, and dogs, with the main goal to investigate
the role of animal models in pathogenesis of COVID‑19
infection, risk of transmission, rate of infectivity,
and inoculation with SARS‑CoV‑2 viral strains
with ascending doses and studying the therapeutic
effects [Table 2].
Rhesus macaques
In case of rhesus species, they have a similar amount of
ACE‑2‑binding receptor proteins on their cells. Hence,
they turn out to be near ideal choice for testing of
vaccines.[12]
In their case, pulmonary infection is present
when inoculated with SARS‑CoV‑2 virus and can be
verified with the help of radiographs. They also have an
increased number of viral particles that can be extracted
from their nose and throat samples.[13]
Ferrets
Ferret models are similar to human lungs as they are
susceptible to coughing and sneezing reflexes, so they
can be used to test COVID‑19 infection also.[14]
They
also have high transmissibility rates, as ferrets can
spread the virus with the help of direct contact and/or
aerosols.[15]
Mice
Laboratory mice is always an effective and much more
cost‑effective and easy to handle animals for vaccine
testing. Recently, humanized mice versions which
have similar ACE2 numbers have also been created to
successfully test SARS‑CoV‑2 infection.[16]
Syrian hamster
This animal model can also be used for testing as they
have similar phenotypic alterations in ACE‑2‑binding
mechanisms as and when compared to human binding
sites on the cell membrane, which is an essential
requisite for the pathogenesis of COVID infection.
Discussion
Many animal models have recently been included in
various studies which have proved to be hopeful for
effective vaccine generation. Moderna, a USA‑based
company, has already completed its phase I trials
successfully which helps in safety as well as toxicity
of these vaccine targets in humans.[6]
Pfizer is already
in phase III trials and according to some, the vaccine
generated by them is around 90% effective. Many studies
of animal models have been reviewed in connection
with SARS and MERS infection, these models usually
Table 2: Summary of studies using nonhuman primate models of COVID‑19
Species and concerned studies Number of samples (n) Outcome measures
Rhesus macaques
Munster et al. (2020) 8 Pathogenesis of COVID‑19
Yu et al. (2020) 2 Pathogenesis of COVID‑19 in aging animals
Van Doremalen et al. (2020) 6 Evaluation of DNA vaccine
Gao et al. (2020) 4 Evaluation of an inactivated vaccine
Williamson, B.N. et al. (2020) 6 Testing of antiviral therapy
Chandrashekar et al. (2020) 9 Immune protection after a second exposure
Bao et al. (2020) 7 Immune protection after a second exposure
Deng, W. et al. (2020) 5 Viral infection routes
Mice
Boudewijns et al. (2020) 20 Interferon response to SARS‑CoV‑2 Infection
Bao et al. (2020) 15 Pathogenesis of COVID‑19
Lv et al. (2020) 10 Cross‑reactivity of antibodies against SARS‑CoV and SARS‑CoV‑2
Pruijssers et al. (2020) 10 Establishment of mouse‑adapted SARS CoV‑2 model of COVID19
Dinnon et al. (2020) 33 Evaluation of vaccine and therapy in mouse‑adapted SARS‑CoV‑2 model
Ferret
Kim et al. (2020) 6 Viral infection and transmission
Golden Syrian Hamster
Chan et al. (2020) 10 Study of pathogenesis, therapeutics, and vaccines
Sia et al. (2020) 6 Immunological studies for vaccine development
Cynomolgus macaques
Lu et al. (2020) 6 Comparisons of pathogenesis between COVID‑19, SARS‑CoV, and MERS CoV
Rockx et al. (2020) 10 Comparisons of pathogenesis between COVID‑19, SARS‑CoV, and MERS CoV
Finch et al. (2020) 6 Evaluation of medical interventions
African green Monkey
Woolsey et al. (2020) 6 Pathogenesis of COVID‑19
SARS‑CoV‑2: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, MERS CoV: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
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4. S34 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Supplement 1 ¦ June 2021
Moothedath, et al.: COVID and animal trails
failed to replicate the conditions which are similar to
the human environment for trail and testing of vaccines.
In addition, the results of this systematic review are also
consistent with the above findings when COVID‑19
infection is considered.[17]
However, viral titers which
were high in number were discovered in the respiratory
passage, and many mild symptoms were similar to the
symptoms that humans experience. Unfortunately, the
common complications like acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS) and coagulopathy, which is common
in human COVID patients, were not replicated in
any of these animal models.[18]
Most cases that end
up in intensive care units have hypoxemia which is
caused due to ARDS and coagulopathy leads to severe
thrombo‑embolic complications in humans, even in the
young age population.[19,20]
The postmortem studies of
the individuals who died of these complications revealed
extensive hyalinization and inflammatory cell damage
leading to destruction of the alveolar air spaces which
are essential,[21]
further supported by the fact that in
these individuals, many micro‑ and macrothrombi were
noted in the lung tissue which compromised their lung
perfusion leading to higher mortality.[22]
A full‑blown
COVID infection in humans significantly differs from
these animal models, as the severity of respiratory
as well as thrombo‑embolic manifestations is not
simulated to near ideal situations. However, mechanism
of respiratory symptoms as well as pathogenesis is not
fully clear as many pathways may lead to an increase
of tissue factor which will cause endothelial injury and
hence thrombotic episodes with complement activation,
which further compromises the vascular system,
especially in the pulmonary area which further worsens
the symptoms by activating the clotting cascade and
subsequent formation of thromboemboli. Hence,
animal models which can simulate these conditions
will help in understanding the pathogenesis better.[23‑27]
Rhesus macaques and mice were used to test both the
antiviral medications and vaccine candidates where
the medication stopped viral replication leading to a
recovery in case of pneumonitis.[28]
In case of vaccine
candidates, there was an increase in titer of anti‑COVID
antibodies as well as a decrease in the viral load which
helped in preventing respiratory infection significantly.
[29]
This leads to a promising outcome for vaccine
efficacy as well as antiviral medication effectiveness
against SARS‑CoV‑2. Unfortunately, even after the
epidemics such as SARS and MERS, scientists have not
been able to form an effective animal model to create
conditions appropriate for the spread of COVID‑19
in animals.[30,31]
Primates have similar binding affinity
to COVID‑19 virus as when related to humans,[32]
which differs in stark contrast to other animals such as
hamsters and mice, which have low‑to‑medium affinity.
This issue has been seen in many studies where mice
does not support increased SARS‑CoV‑2 replication as
compared to a chimera as the former does not have more
amount of ACE‑2‑binding protein receptors on their
cells.[33]
Recently, complex phenotype of COVID‑19
was found with the help of single‑cell RNA genomic
sequence technology which might help us to decide
on the dissimilarities between primate and nonprimate
species‑specific infections.[34]
For proper entry of
viral particles inside the host cell, it is imperative to
study the variations encountered in the distribution of
ACE‑2‑binding protein and TMPRSS2, as the amount
of these receptors as well as their surface configuration
varies in different organs as well as between two
species also. In the primate lung when compared with
human pneumocytes, ACE‑2 expression was lower
in the animals, especially in type II pneumocytes.[35]
During the course of evolution, lot of modifications
have happened, which has led to the limitation of this
viral infection in only the respiratory system of these
animals.[36]
This explains that animal models show less
of symptoms as compared to humans, which poses a
practical challenge in vaccine development for humans
in case of COVID‑19 infection. Our systematic review
did have its share of limitations, as we had included
preprints in the studies which were not peer‑reviewed
as yet. We also did have less number of articles studied,
and thus, the scope of this study needs to be widened.
Conclusion
Through this systemic review, we were able to find
out that animal models only mimic limited signs and
symptoms experienced in COVID infection as compared
to infections in humans. However, they are still essential
to understand the pathogenesis, transmissibility of viral
particles, and vaccine testing. Hence, an animal model
should be selected carefully, which can help outlining
the vaccine testing strategy effectively.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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