This document summarizes the key equipment found at a 132 kV substation, including transformers, circuit breakers, current and potential transformers, isolators, lighting arresters, control panels, relays, battery chargers, battery banks, DC distribution boxes, capacitors, ammeters, voltmeters, wattmeters, and power factor meters. It provides details on the purpose and functioning of these various components, which are used to transform voltages, break power flows, provide protection, control operations, store energy, and monitor the substation. The substation supports load growth and reliability requirements on the electric grid.
2. Introduction
Need of substation
Type of substation
EQUIPMENTS OF SUBSTATION
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF 132 KV SUBSTATION
3.
4. PRACTICAL CONSIDERATION
TO SATISFY LOAD GROWTH
TO ACCOMMODATE NEW GENERATION
TO MAINTAIN RELIABLITY REQUIREMENT
TECHNICAL CONSIDERATION
TO STEP UP AND STEP DOWN AC VOLTAGE
LEVEL
TO BREAK THE POWER FLOW
PROVIDE SUPPORT TO THE POWER FLOW
5. ON THE BASIS OF
SERVICE REQUIRMENT
ON THE BASIS OF
CONSTRUCTIONAL
FEATURES
TRANSFORMER
SUBSTATION
SWITCHING
SUBSTATION
FREQUENCY CHANGER
SUBSTATION
CONVERTING
SUBSTATION
INDUSTRIAL
SUBSTATION
OUTDOOR SUBSTATION
INDOOR SUBSTATION
UNDERGROUND
SUBSTATION
POLE MOUNTED
SUBSTATION
7. A TRANSFORMER IS A STATIC PIECE OF EQUIPMENT USED EITHER OF RAISING OR LOWERING THE VOLTAGE
OF AN A.C. SUPPLY WITH A CORRESPONDING DECCREASE OR INCREASE IN CURRENT.
13. CONTROL PANEL IS USED TO
ACCOMMODATE INSRUMENTS FOR
THE PURPOSE OF MEASUREMENT,
MONITORING, PROTECTION,
DETECTION, CONTROL AND
MANAGE THE PROCESSES.THE
CONTROL PANELS ARE DESIGNED
BASED ON THE TYPE OF ENERGY
AND DYNAMICS ASSOCIATED.
14. A PROTECTIVE RELAY IS A DEVICE THAT DETECTS THE FAULT
AND INITIATES THE OPERATION OF THE CIRCUIT
BREAKER TO ISOLATE THE DEFECTIVE ELEMENT FROM
THE REST OF THE SYSTEM. The principle of protective
relaying is to cause the prompt removal from service of any
element of the power system when it starts to operate in an
abnormal manner or interfere with the effective operation of
the rest of the system.
15. A BATTERY BANK IS DEFINED
AS THE ASSEMBLY OF ONE OR
MORE INDIVISUAL BATTERIES
IN ORDER TO STORE ENERGY
IN ELECTROCHEMICAL
FROM(HINA &
PALANISAMY,2018). HOMER
SOFTWARE MODELS THE
BATTERY AS AN EQUIPMENT
THAT CAN STORE AN
AMOUNT OF DIRECT
CURRENT(DC) AT A FIXED
ROUND TRIP ENERGY
EFFICIENCY.
16. AS THE NAME IMPLIES, A CAPACITOR BANK IS MERELY A GROUPING OF SEVERAL
CAPACITORS OF THE SAME RATING. CAPACITOR BANKS MAY BE CONNECTED IN SERIES
OR PARALLED, DEPENDING UPON THE DESIRED RATING. AS WITH AN INDIVIDUAL
CAPACITOR, BANKS OF CAPACITORS ARE USED TO STORE ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND
CODITION THE FLOW OF THAT ENERGY.
17.
18. DC DISTRIBUTION BOX
ISOLATES BATTERY BANK AND
INVERTER FROM ANY
ELECTRIC SURGE WHILE
MAKING MAINTENANCE
EASIER AND ENHANCING
SYSTEM RELIABILITY.
THE DC DISTRIBUTION UNIT IS
USED TO COLLECT THE DC
OUTPUT FROM ARRAY
JUNCTION BOX (AJB)AND
SUPPLY IT TO THE INVERTER.
19. AMMETER- A AMMETER IS
A MEASURING INSTRUMENT
USED TO MEASURE THE
CURRENT IN A CIRCUIT.
VOLTMETER –A VOLTMETER
IS AN INSTRUMENT USED FOR
MEASURING ELECTRIC
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN TWO POINTS IN AN
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT.
20. WATTMETER – A WATTMETER IS A
MEASURING INSTRUMENT USED TO MEASURE
THE POWER.
POWER FACTOR METER- A POWER FACTOR
METER IS A MEASURING INSTRUMENT USED
TO MEASURE THE POWER FACTOR.
