MIcrobilogy slides BSn

1. Classification of
Micro-organisms
BY: MAVRA ABID

2. Classification of Bacteria
• On the Basis of Shape
• On the Basis of Staining
• On the Basis of Oxygen Requirement
• On the Basis of pH
• On the Basis of Temperature
• On the Basis of Structure
• On the Basis of Osmotic Pressure

5. On the basis of Shape
• Cocci
(a) Diplococci e.g. Neisseria gonorrhea
(b) Streptococci e.g. Streptococcus mutans
(c) Sarcina e.g. Sarcina rosea
(d) Tetrad e.g. Micrococcus luteus
(e) Staphylococci e.g. Staphylococcus aureus.
• Bacilli
(a) Diplobacilli e.g. Moraxella lacunata
(b) Coccobacilli e.g. Bordetella pertussis
• Vibrio e.g. Vibrio cholera
• Spiral e.g. Aqua spirillum serpens
• Spirochete e.g. Treponema pallidum

6. ON THE BASISOF STAINING
• Gram positive e.g. Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus
aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis,
Bacillus subtilis
• Gram negative e.g. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella
dysenteriae
ON THE BASISOF TEMPERATURE
• Psychrophiles e.g. Bacillus psychrophilus
• Psychrotrophs e.g. Listeria monocytogenes
• Mesophiles e.g. E.coli
• Thermophiles e.g. Bacillus stearothermophilus
• Hyperthermophiles e.g. Sulpholobus

7. ON THE BASISOF STRUCTURE
• Spore former
(a) Centre spore former e.g. Bacillus cereus
(b) Terminal spore former e.g. Clostridium tetani
(c) Sub terminal spore former e.g. Clostridium subterminale
• Capsule former
e.g. Bacillus anthracis, Streptococcus mutans
• Flagella
(a) Monotrichous e.g. Pseudomona aeruginosa
(b) Amphitrichous e.g. Aqua spirillum serpens
(c) Lophotrichous e.g. Pseudomona fluorescence
(d) Peritrichous e.g. Salmonella typhi
(e) Atrichous e.g. spirochas

8. ON THE BASISOF O2 REQUIREMENT
• Obligate aerobes e.g. Pseudomonas, Mycobacterium
• Facultative anaerobes e.g. E.coli
• Aero tolerant anaerobes e.g. streptococcus pyogene
• Obligate anaerobes e.g. Clostridium, bacteriodes
• Microaerophiles e.g. Campylobacter
ON THE BASISOF pH
• Acidophiles e.g. Sulpholobus
• Neutrophiles e.g. Escherichia
• Alkalophiles e.g. Bacillus alkalophiles
ON THE BASISOF OSMOTIC PRESSURE
• Osmotolerant e.g. Styphylococcus Aureus
• Halophiles e.g. Helicobacter pylori

9. Classification of Fungi
• Zygomycota
• Ascomycota
• Basidiomycota
• Deuteromcota

10. Zygomycota
Also called zygomycetes
Examples are rhizopus and mucor

11. Ascomycota
• Also called ascomycetes
• Examples include blastomyces, histoplasma,
microsporum, trichophyton, coccidioides and
yeasts(saccharomyces and candida)

12. Basidiomycota
• Also called basidiomycetes
• Examples includes mushrooms and cryptococcus

13. Deutromycota
Also called deuteromycetes
Penicillium, aspergillus and fungi causing
athlete's foot and ringworm are the examples

14. Examples of Fungi
Mould-like Epidermophyton, Trichophyton,
Microsporum, Aspergillus
Yeast-like Candida
Dimorphic Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides
True yeast Cryptococcus

15. Some terminologies
• Yeast
Unicellular form that are spherical or ovoid in shape
• Molds
Complex multicellular microorganisms having
variety of specialized structures with specific
functions
• Hyphae
Thread like tubes containing cytoplasm and
organelles of organism
• Septa
Cross walls in hyphae forming individual cells

16. • Candidiophore orsporangiophore
Specialized hypha that bears reproductive structures
ofsomemolds
• Conidia orspore
Conidiaareasexualfungalspores
• Diamorphs
Fungi grow as molds in natural environment and in
laboratory culture but yeast or yeast like structure in
tissues.
Examples are Histoplasma, blastomycetes and
sporothrix

17. Classification of virus

18. Types of viruses according to Shape
• Helical
• Icosahedra
• Complex

19. "Group" Family Human pathogens (disease)
dsDNA
Poxviridae Variola (smallpox); Orf (pustular dermatitis); Molluscum contagiosum (pustular dermatitis)
Herpesviridae Herpes simplex 1,2 (oral, genital herpes); Varicella-zoster (chickenpox); Epstein-Barr (mononucleosis);
Cytomegalovirus (neonatal abnormalities); HHV6 (roseola); HHV8 (Kaposi's sarcoma)
Adenoviridae Adenovirus (respiratory infection, conjunctivitis)
Polyomaviridae Polyomavirus (benign kidney infection, respiratory disease, leukoencephalopathy)
Papillomaviridae Papillomavirus (warts, genital carcinoma)
ssDNA
Anellovirus Unknown
Parvoviradae B-19 (fifth disease, fetal death)
Retro
Hepadnaviridae Hepatitis B ("serum" hepatitis)
Retroviridae HIV (aids); HTLV (leukemia)
dsRNA
Reoviridae Rotavirus (infantile gastroenteritis)
ssRNA (-)
Rhabdoviridae Rabies virus (rabies)
Filoviridae Ebola virus (ebola)
Paramyxoviridae Parainfluenza virus (respiratory infection); Mumps virus (mumps);
Respiratory syncytial virus (respiratory infection); Measles virus (measles)
Orthomyxoviridae Influenza virus (influenza)
Bunyaviridae Hantaan virus (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome)
Arenaviridae Lassa fever virus (hemorrhagic fever)
Deltavirus Hepatitis D (fulminant acute hepatitis)
ssRNA (+)
Picornaviridae Poliovirus (polio), rhinovirus (URI), Hepatitis A ("infectious" hepatitis)
Calciviridae Norwalk (gastroenteritis)
Hepevirus Hepatitis E (acute hepatitis)
Astroviridae Astrovirus (gastroenteritis)
Coronaviridae Coronavirus (respiratory infection)
Flaviviridae Yellow fever virus (yellow fever); Hepatitis C (hepatitis)
Togaviridae Eastern Equine encephalitis virus (encephalitis); Rubella virus (rubella)

21. Classification of protozoa

22. Amoebae
Flagella
Ciliates
Sporozoa

23. Protozoa
Sporozoa Plasmodium, Isospora, Toxoplasma,
Cryptosporidium
Flagellates Giardia, Trichomonas, Trypanosoma,
Leishmania
Amoebae Entamoeba, Naegleria, Acanthamoeba
Other Babesia, Balantidium

24. Some species of protozoa

25. THANKS