The respiratory system has several functions including gas exchange between air and blood in the lungs, moving air in and out of the lungs, and protecting the lungs from environmental factors. It is made up of the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. The larynx contains cartilages like the thyroid cartilage that form the walls of the larynx and connect to other structures. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli where oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide moves out.

2. Image of the Respiratory System

4. FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Provides an extensive area for gas exchange between air & circulating blood
• Moving air to & from the exchange surfaces of the lungs
• Protects respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes & other
environmental variations
• Defend respiratory system & other tissues from invasion by pathogenic micro-organisms
• Produce sounds involved in speaking, singing or non-verbal communication
• Assists in regulation of blood volume, blood pressure & the control of body fluid
pH

5. Respiratory Overview Picture Nasal
Cavity
Nose
Mouth
Bronchus
Bronchiole
Alveolus
Diaphragm
Throat
(pharynx)
Windpipe
(Trachea)
Left lungs
Ribs

6. CARTILAGES OF LARYNX
THYROID CARTILAGE
• Largest laryngeal cartilage
• Forms most of anterior & lateral
walls of larynx
• Commonly called Adams Apple
(laryngeal prominence)
• Inferior surface articulates with
cricoid
• Superior surface has ligamentous
attachments to epiglottis & other
smaller laryngeal cartilages

7. Alveoli and Bronchi Picture
Trachea
Bronchi Tubes
Bronchiole
Alveoli

8. Nasal Passage
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
Tongue
Pharynx
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.

9. Alveoli Picture
Here is a close
up picture of
your Alveoli
and a Capillary
surrounding it.
Capillary
Red Blood
Cell
Carbon
Dioxide is
dropped off
Oxygen is
picked up
Wall of
the air
sac

10. Nasal Passage
Bronchi Tubes
Alveoli (air-sacs)
Thin-walled blood vessels
called capillaries
Tongue
Pharynx
The Trachea
is held open
by partial
rings of
cartilage.
Bronchioles pass
air to and from
your alveoli.
Very thin cells line the
alveoli so that O2 and
CO2 can pass in and
out of the blood.
Where are
We?

11. Cool pictures

12. FISSURES & LOBES OF LUNG … LEFT LUNG
• 2 lobes viz. : superior & inferior
• Separated by oblique fissure
• Tongue shaped projection of left lung below cardiac notch is called LINGULA ;
corresponds to middle lobe of right lung

13. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RIGHT & LEFT LUNGS
RIGHT LUNG LEFT LUNG
• Has 2 fissures, 3 lobes 1. 1 fissure, 2 lobes
• Anterior border straight 2. Anterior border interrupted by cardiac notch
• Larger, heavier (700g) 3. Smaller, lighter (600g)
• Shorter, broader 4. Longer, narrower

14. Diagram of Diaphragm
JH

16. Fun Facts
* At rest, the body takes in and breathes out about 10 liters of air each minute.
* The right lung is slightly larger than the left.
* The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour.
* The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court.
* The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed end to
end.
* We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor
we see when we breathe onto glass.
* A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute.
* The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.