Introduction Features Fissures and Lobes Root of the Lung Differences b/w Right and Left Lungs Arterial Supply of Lungs Venous Drainage of Lungs Lymphatic Drainage of Lungs Nerve Supply Bronchial Tree Bronchopulmonary Segments

2. LUNGS
DR. RAMESHA TAHIR ; PT
• SILVER MEDALIST IN DPT (TUF)
• LECTURER AT FIHS F.S.D
• EX INTERN THERAPIST AT BIN INAM’S PHYSICAL
THERAPY AND NEURO REHAB CLINIC
• EX INTERN THERAPIST AT MUJAHID HOSPITAL F.S.D
• EX INTERN THERAPIST AT ALLIED HOSPITAL F.S.D

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Introduction
• Features
• Fissures and Lobes
• Root of the Lung
• Differences b/w Right and Left Lungs
• Arterial Supply of Lungs
• Venous Drainage of Lungs
• Lymphatic Drainage of Lungs
• Nerve Supply
• Bronchial Tree
• Bronchopulmonary Segments

4. INTRODUCTION
• Pair of respiratory organs situated in thoracic cavity.
• Both lungs are separated by mediastinum.
• Texture: Spongy
• Color: Young --- Brown / Grey , Adults --- Mottled Black
• Weight: Right Lung --- 700 g, Left Lung --- 600-650 g

5. FEATURES
• Each lung is conical in shape. It has :
1. Apex
2. Base
3. 3 Borders
- Ant, Post & Inf
4. 2 Surfaces
-Costal & Medial

6. • Apex:
• Blunt
• Reaches 2.5 cm above
medial 1/3 of clavicle.
• Lies above the level of
anterior end of 1st rib.
• Covered by cervical
pleura and suprapleural
membrane.
• Grooved by subclavain
artery anteriorly and on
medial side.

7. • Base:
• Semilunar and concave.
• Rests on Diaphragm.
• Separates R. Lung from R. Lobe of Liver.
• Separates L. Lung from L. Lobe of Liver, fundus of
stomach and spleen.

8. BORDERS
• Anterior Border:
• Thin and shorter than posterior border.
• Corresponds to ant (costomediastinal) line of pleural
reflection.
• Ant border of L. Lung shows cardiac notch below level of
4rth costal cartilage.
• Posterior Border:
• Thick and extends from C7 to T10.
• Inferior Border:
• Separates the base from costal and medial surfaces.

9. SURFACES
• Costal Surface:
• Large and convex.
• It lies in contact with costal pleura and overlying
thoracic wall.
• Medial Surface:
• Divided into 2 parts:-
- Anterior / Mediastinal Part (related to mediastinal
septum).
- Posterior / Vertebral Part (related to VB, IVD,
splanchnic nerve and post IC vessels).

11. FISSURES AND LOBES OF THE LUNGS

12. FISSURES
• Oblique Fissure:
• It passes obliquely downwards and forwards,
crossing post. border about 6 cm below apex and
inf. border about 5 cm from median plane.
• Horizontal Fissure:
• In R. Lung, it passes from ant. border upto oblique
fissure and separates middle lobe from upper lobe.
• Runs horizontally at level of 4rth costal cartilage and
meets oblique fissure in midaxillary line.
 Tongue shaped projection of L. Lung below cardiac
notch is called LINGULA.

13. ROOT OF THE LUNG
• It is a collection of structures that suspends the lungs from
mediastinum.
• It lies opposite bodies of T5-T7 Vertebrae.
• Formed by following structures entering or exiting through hilum:-
1. Principal Bronchus on L. side.
2. 1 Pulmonary Artery.
3. 2 Pulmonary Veins (Sup & Inf).
4. Bronchial Arteries ( 1 on R. side and 2 on L. side).
5. Bronchial Veins
6. Ant & Post Pulmonary Plexuses of Nerves.
7. Lymphatics of Lung.
8. Bronchopulmonary Lymph Nodes.
9. Areolar Tissue.

15. DIFFERENCES B/W RIGHT AND LEFT LUNGS

16. ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF LUNGS
R. LUNG
• 1 bronchial artery is
source of blood
supply.
• Arises either from 3rd
post I.C artery or
upper left bronchial
artery.
L. LUNG
• 2 bronchial arteries
supply blood.
• Arises from
descending thoracic
aorta , upper T5
vertebrae and lower
below L. bronchus.

17. VENOUS DRAINAGE OF LUNGS
• 2 bronchial veins on each side.
• R. Bronchial veins drain into azygos vein.
• L. Bronchial veins drain into hemiazygos vein.
• Greater drainage by pulmonary veins.

18. LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF LUNGS
• 2 sets of lymphatics both draining into bronchopulmonary
nodes.
Characteristic Superficial Vessels Deep Lymphatics
Drainage Area Peripheral Lung
Tissue
Bronchial Tree,
Pulmonary Vessels
and Connective
tissue septa.
Course Pass round borders
of lungs and fissures
to reach hilum.
Run towards hilum to
drain.
Valves Numerous Few or no.

19. NERVE SUPPLY
• Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves first form ant &
post pulmonary plexuses
• From plexuses nerves are distributed to lungs along blood
vessels and bronchi.
Characteristic Parasympathetic
Nerves
Sympathetic
Nerves
Derivation Vagus Nerve 2nd to 5th spinal
segment.
Action -Bronchospasm
-Secretions of
mucous glands.
-Cough Reflex
-Bronchodilatation.

20. BRONCHIAL TREE
10 L

23. • Well defined sectors
of lung aerated by a
tertiary bronchus.
• Each segment is in
pyramidal shape with
its apex directed
towards root of lung.
• Each segment has
segmental bronchus,
segmental artery,
autonomic nerves and
lymph vessels.
BRONCHOPULMONARY
SEGMENTS