The document discusses DNA structure and replication. It describes how Watson and Crick discovered that DNA has a double helix structure with bases pairing between strands. DNA replication is semiconservative, with each parental strand serving as a template to produce two identical daughter DNA molecules. Replication occurs through the unwinding of the DNA helix and synthesis of new strands based on base pairing with the parental strands.
The document discusses meiosis, which involves two cell divisions that result in four haploid cells from one diploid cell. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosome pairs, reducing the chromosome number by half. Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, producing four unique gametes. Crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis I contribute to genetic variation in offspring. Fertilization restores the diploid number when a haploid sperm and egg fuse.
The document discusses gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, it describes the trp and lac operons which regulate gene expression through repressor proteins that bind to operator DNA sequences. In eukaryotes, it outlines various levels of gene regulation including chromatin structure, transcriptional control by transcription factors, post-transcriptional processing, translational control, and post-translational modifications. It also discusses genetic mutations and their role in cancer development through oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
1. Recombinant DNA technology uses restriction enzymes and DNA ligase to cut and join DNA from different sources, allowing genes to be transferred between organisms.
2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies specific DNA sequences, enabling rapid copying of genes. It is used in DNA fingerprinting for identification.
3. Transgenic organisms have foreign genes inserted, allowing production of useful proteins like insulin from bacteria and growth hormones from animals and plants.
The document summarizes key aspects of the cell cycle and its regulation:
1) The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic stage, during which the cell grows and duplicates its DNA before dividing.
2) Checkpoints ensure DNA is properly replicated before the cell commits to division or undergoes apoptosis if DNA is damaged.
3) Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes regulate the cell cycle and can mutate to cause uncontrolled cell division in cancer.
This chapter discusses cellular metabolism and energy transfer. It covers the different forms of energy, laws of thermodynamics, ATP as the main energy currency molecule, metabolic pathways, enzymes, and the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Key metabolic concepts explained include exergonic and endergonic reactions, coupled reactions, metabolic pathways, factors affecting enzyme activity such as temperature and pH, and electron transport chains.
This document contains information about molecular biology techniques including DNA replication, restriction enzyme digestion of DNA, agarose gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and cloning of recombinant DNA. It includes diagrams of these processes and concepts such as restriction sites, sticky and blunt ends, plasmids, cloning vectors, and the production of recombinant organisms through transformation. The document also discusses gene regulation examples including operons, transcription factors, epigenetics, and RNA interference.
This document summarizes the process of photosynthesis. It describes how photosynthetic organisms like plants, algae and cyanobacteria are able to convert solar energy into chemical energy by using light, water, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll. The two main stages are the light-dependent reactions where ATP and NADPH are produced, and the light-independent Calvin cycle where carbohydrates are produced using the ATP and NADPH. Variations like C4 and CAM pathways that some plants use to fix carbon dioxide are also outlined.
The document summarizes key concepts in genetics discovered by Gregor Mendel through his experiments with pea plants, including:
- Mendel performed breeding experiments with pea plants and discovered the laws of segregation and independent assortment.
- He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete factors (now known as genes and alleles) that sort independently during gamete formation and fertilization.
- Mendel's work laid the foundation for modern genetics concepts such as genotypes, phenotypes, dominance, and the use of Punnett squares to predict offspring ratios.
- The document also discusses how Mendel's principles can be applied to understand human genetic disorders and inheritance patterns such as autosomal and
The document discusses meiosis, which involves two cell divisions that result in four haploid cells from one diploid cell. Meiosis I separates homologous chromosome pairs, reducing the chromosome number by half. Meiosis II separates sister chromatids, producing four unique gametes. Crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis I contribute to genetic variation in offspring. Fertilization restores the diploid number when a haploid sperm and egg fuse.
The document discusses gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, it describes the trp and lac operons which regulate gene expression through repressor proteins that bind to operator DNA sequences. In eukaryotes, it outlines various levels of gene regulation including chromatin structure, transcriptional control by transcription factors, post-transcriptional processing, translational control, and post-translational modifications. It also discusses genetic mutations and their role in cancer development through oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
1. Recombinant DNA technology uses restriction enzymes and DNA ligase to cut and join DNA from different sources, allowing genes to be transferred between organisms.
2. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies specific DNA sequences, enabling rapid copying of genes. It is used in DNA fingerprinting for identification.
3. Transgenic organisms have foreign genes inserted, allowing production of useful proteins like insulin from bacteria and growth hormones from animals and plants.
The document summarizes key aspects of the cell cycle and its regulation:
1) The cell cycle consists of interphase and the mitotic stage, during which the cell grows and duplicates its DNA before dividing.
2) Checkpoints ensure DNA is properly replicated before the cell commits to division or undergoes apoptosis if DNA is damaged.
3) Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes regulate the cell cycle and can mutate to cause uncontrolled cell division in cancer.
This chapter discusses cellular metabolism and energy transfer. It covers the different forms of energy, laws of thermodynamics, ATP as the main energy currency molecule, metabolic pathways, enzymes, and the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Key metabolic concepts explained include exergonic and endergonic reactions, coupled reactions, metabolic pathways, factors affecting enzyme activity such as temperature and pH, and electron transport chains.
This document contains information about molecular biology techniques including DNA replication, restriction enzyme digestion of DNA, agarose gel electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and cloning of recombinant DNA. It includes diagrams of these processes and concepts such as restriction sites, sticky and blunt ends, plasmids, cloning vectors, and the production of recombinant organisms through transformation. The document also discusses gene regulation examples including operons, transcription factors, epigenetics, and RNA interference.
This document summarizes the process of photosynthesis. It describes how photosynthetic organisms like plants, algae and cyanobacteria are able to convert solar energy into chemical energy by using light, water, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll. The two main stages are the light-dependent reactions where ATP and NADPH are produced, and the light-independent Calvin cycle where carbohydrates are produced using the ATP and NADPH. Variations like C4 and CAM pathways that some plants use to fix carbon dioxide are also outlined.
The document summarizes key concepts in genetics discovered by Gregor Mendel through his experiments with pea plants, including:
- Mendel performed breeding experiments with pea plants and discovered the laws of segregation and independent assortment.
- He found that traits are passed from parents to offspring through discrete factors (now known as genes and alleles) that sort independently during gamete formation and fertilization.
- Mendel's work laid the foundation for modern genetics concepts such as genotypes, phenotypes, dominance, and the use of Punnett squares to predict offspring ratios.
- The document also discusses how Mendel's principles can be applied to understand human genetic disorders and inheritance patterns such as autosomal and
1. DNA replication is the process by which daughter DNA molecules are synthesized from a parental DNA template. It ensures the genetic information is transferred to the next generation with high fidelity.
2. Replication occurs semi-conservatively such that each new double helix contains one strand from the original parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand. It also occurs bidirectionally from an origin of replication.
3. DNA polymerases are the key enzymes that catalyze DNA synthesis. Other important enzymes and proteins include primase, helicase, topoisomerase, ligase, and single-stranded DNA binding proteins. Together they facilitate the initiation, elongation and termination of DNA replication.
The document describes the key features of DNA structure. It discusses the antiparallel nature of DNA strands, with 5' and 3' ends on opposite sides. Nucleotides are linked by covalent bonds between phosphate and carbon groups. DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which organize and compact the DNA. Nucleosomes further coil to achieve different levels of compaction, including supercoiling, allowing DNA to fit in cells. The document also notes the differences between coding and non-coding regions of eukaryotic DNA.
This document provides an overview of belly dancing, including its definition, history, costumes, and presence in some countries. Belly dancing originated in the Middle East and is a dance performed to Middle Eastern music. The costumes typically include flowing garments, veils, billowing pants made of rich fabrics, and flashy jewelry. The history of belly dancing can be traced to the Middle East, Mediterranean, and Africa. It has also been depicted in 12th and 13th century Persian paintings. Belly dancing is present and has unique styles in Turkey, USA, and India.
This chapter outline discusses DNA and RNA structure and function, including:
- The discovery that DNA is the genetic material through experiments with viruses.
- The double helix structure of DNA determined by Watson and Crick based on data from Franklin and others.
- DNA replication through semiconservative replication to produce identical copies.
- Transcription of DNA to mRNA and the three types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA).
- Translation of mRNA using tRNA to specify amino acid sequence and produce proteins according to the genetic code.
Simplification process of complex 1H NMR and13C NMRDevika Gayatri
This document discusses techniques for simplifying complex 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. It describes the principles of NMR spectroscopy and types of protons that can cause complexity. Methods for simplification include isotope exchange, high field strengths, spin decoupling, 2D NMR techniques like COSY and NOE, and advanced instrumentation for 13C NMR. The document concludes that these techniques help clarify spectra, identify interacting protons, find hidden peaks, and simplify spectral interpretation.
Translational Genomics and Prostate Cancer: Meet the NGS Experts Series Part 2QIAGEN
Advanced prostate cancer is highly heterogeneous but this inter-patient heterogeneity has until recently not been understood. We have through an international research effort dissected the molecular landscape of advanced castration resistant prostate, elucidating key molecular targets in this group of diseases. We have also shown that PARP inhibitors have antitumor activity against a significant proportion of these cancers, mainly in men whose cancers harbor DNA repair defects.
- The document discusses the role of miRNAs in diabetes, focusing on miRNA-375. It states that miRNA-375 negatively regulates glucose stimulated insulin secretion and that inhibiting it leads to increased insulin secretion while overexpression leads to decreased secretion.
- It also mentions several other miRNAs - miR-9, miR-96, miR-124a - that regulate insulin secretion and discusses how their functions relate to diabetes. Additionally, it discusses how hyperglycemia and inflammatory cytokines influence miRNA expression and how specific miRNAs like miR-30d, miR-15a, and miR-335 impact insulin production and secretion.
- The role of miRNAs in insulin target tissues like the liver and heart is also covered, focusing on miR-122,
NGS in Clinical Research: Meet the NGS Experts Series Part 1QIAGEN
Next generation sequencing has revolutionized clinical testing but has also created novel challenges. This presentation will give an overview of state of the art clinical NGS and discuss validation, clinical implementation as well as the migration from gene panels to exome sequencing for inherited disorders with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. In addition, important shortcomings such as difficulties with regions of high sequence homology will be discussed.
B.tech biotechnology ii elements of biotechnology unit 2 structure of dnaRai University
James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helical structure of DNA in 1953. DNA is made up of nucleotides containing a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine), a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. Adenine pairs with thymine through two hydrogen bonds, and guanine pairs with cytosine through three hydrogen bonds. DNA stores genetic information, takes the double helix form, and can undergo structural variations like hairpin loops or cruciform structures. DNA has characteristic absorption, density, denaturation, and hybridization properties that provide information about its structure and sequence.
DNA is contained in the nucleus of cells and is made up of a double helix of sugar-phosphate backbones connected by base pairs. It can be extracted from cells using enzymes and detergents. DNA replicates before cell division using DNA polymerase. Mutations can occur through insertion, deletion, substitution or inversion of bases. Genes are sections of DNA that code for amino acids and traits. Meiosis and mitosis are cell division processes that involve DNA replication and segregation.
This document provides an overview of MySQL replication including basic concepts, terminology, and configuration steps. It discusses four replication scenarios: 1) setting up a single slave for backups and reporting; 2) adding a new slave by bootstrapping from an existing slave; 3) performing point-in-time recovery using binary logs; and 4) promoting a slave to a standby master for maintenance. Key aspects covered include configuring replication, taking backups, synchronizing slave positions, and switching over connections during a failover.
Utilization of NGS to Identify Clinically-Relevant Mutations in cfDNA: Meet t...QIAGEN
Pancreatic cancer is a uniquely lethal malignancy characterized by frequent mutations in KRAS, CDKN2A, SMAD4, TP53 and many others. We have shown that KRAS mutation can be detected in cell-free, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) isolated from the plasma in a subset of patients and is associated with poor prognosis. The ability to simultaneously detect multiple pancreatic cancer-specific mutations in ctDNA would open a new avenue for detection of clinically-relevant mutations. In this study, we performed ultra-deep sequencing of ctDNA from advanced pancreatic cancer patients prior to treatment with Gemcitabine and Erlotinib following target enrichment. Somatic, non-synonymous variants were identified in 29 different genes at allele frequencies typically less than 0.5%. Updated results of ultra-deep NGS analysis will be presented.
DNA contains the genetic information of organisms. It is made up of nucleotides containing deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases. DNA replicates itself through complementary base pairing between adenine and thymine, and cytosine and guanine. It carries the genetic code and provides instructions for building proteins through transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to proteins. DNA plays a key role in heredity by determining traits through the genes it contains.
Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms. It is a broad discipline that includes molecular genetics, transmission genetics, population genetics, and many other fields. Some key areas of genetics are molecular genetics, which studies genes at the molecular level; transmission genetics, which explores inheritance patterns; population genetics, which studies genetic variation in populations; and quantitative genetics, which examines continuously measured traits. Genetics interfaces with disciplines like biochemistry, molecular biology, and evolution and has applications in areas such as agriculture, medicine, and conservation.
Lec 10 level 3-de (dna structure and replication)dream10f
The document discusses DNA structure and replication. It describes how DNA is composed of nucleotides that combine to form the characteristic double helix structure. The four nucleotides are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine which pair up through hydrogen bonding in a specific way. DNA replication is semi-conservative and precisely copies the genetic information for cell division. It involves unwinding of the DNA double helix, synthesis of new complementary strands, and production of two identical DNA molecules each composed of one original and one new strand.
The document outlines the process of DNA replication. It begins with helicase splitting the DNA double helix into single strands. RNA primase adds RNA primers to the lagging strand for DNA polymerase to begin DNA synthesis. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to both strands in the 5' to 3' direction. Okazaki fragments are formed on the lagging strand and later joined by DNA ligase. The process continues until both strands have been replicated.
El documento describe el descubrimiento de la estructura de doble hélice del ADN. Rosalind Franklin tomó la famosa fotografía 51 usando difracción de rayos X que capturó la estructura de doble hélice del ADN. Sus colegas Watson y Crick usaron esta fotografía sin su permiso para confirmar su modelo de doble hélice del ADN. Aunque contribuyó significativamente al descubrimiento, la contribución de Franklin no fue reconocida cuando Watson, Crick y Wilkins recibieron el Premio Nobel por este logro en 1962.
This chapter discusses genome sequencing, analysis, and properties. It explains that genomes can be sequenced through whole genome shotgun sequencing. Bioinformatics is used to analyze genome sequences and properties such as gene number, non-coding DNA, and repetitive elements. Comparing genomes of different organisms provides insights into genome evolution and development through duplication events, rearrangements, and changes in gene expression.
RNA differs from DNA in its sugar (ribose vs deoxyribose), bases (uracil replaces thymine), and structure (usually single-stranded instead of double helix). There are several types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA) which transfers amino acids to ribosomes using anticodons that match mRNA codons, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which makes up ribosomal structure and acts as an enzyme during protein synthesis.
The document summarizes the organization and structure of DNA within chromosomes. It discusses how DNA is packaged at different levels, from winding around histones to form nucleosomes, to coiling to form the 30nm chromatin fiber and further condensing to form mitotic chromosomes. It also describes the centromeres and telomeres, which play important roles in chromosome segregation and stability. Chromosomal banding patterns allow distinguishing each chromosome.
This document discusses several types of molecular recombination: homologous recombination, site-specific recombination, and transposition. It describes reciprocal homologous recombination through the double-strand break model and nonreciprocal homologous recombination through the Fox model. Site-specific recombination is important for viral genome insertion and has small regions of homology. Transposition involves transposable elements like transposons that are mobile genetic elements.
The document discusses DNA structure and replication. It begins by summarizing Griffith's experiments which showed genetic material can be transferred between bacteria. Next, it describes the discovery of DNA's double helix structure by Watson and Crick in 1953, including its key features like base pairing and antiparallel strands. The document then reviews three proposed models of DNA replication before summarizing Meselson and Stahl's experiment which supported the semiconservative model where each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand. Finally, it provides an overview of the molecular mechanism of DNA replication from the origin of replication to DNA polymerase adding nucleotides.
1. DNA replication is the process by which daughter DNA molecules are synthesized from a parental DNA template. It ensures the genetic information is transferred to the next generation with high fidelity.
2. Replication occurs semi-conservatively such that each new double helix contains one strand from the original parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand. It also occurs bidirectionally from an origin of replication.
3. DNA polymerases are the key enzymes that catalyze DNA synthesis. Other important enzymes and proteins include primase, helicase, topoisomerase, ligase, and single-stranded DNA binding proteins. Together they facilitate the initiation, elongation and termination of DNA replication.
The document describes the key features of DNA structure. It discusses the antiparallel nature of DNA strands, with 5' and 3' ends on opposite sides. Nucleotides are linked by covalent bonds between phosphate and carbon groups. DNA wraps around histone proteins to form nucleosomes, which organize and compact the DNA. Nucleosomes further coil to achieve different levels of compaction, including supercoiling, allowing DNA to fit in cells. The document also notes the differences between coding and non-coding regions of eukaryotic DNA.
This document provides an overview of belly dancing, including its definition, history, costumes, and presence in some countries. Belly dancing originated in the Middle East and is a dance performed to Middle Eastern music. The costumes typically include flowing garments, veils, billowing pants made of rich fabrics, and flashy jewelry. The history of belly dancing can be traced to the Middle East, Mediterranean, and Africa. It has also been depicted in 12th and 13th century Persian paintings. Belly dancing is present and has unique styles in Turkey, USA, and India.
This chapter outline discusses DNA and RNA structure and function, including:
- The discovery that DNA is the genetic material through experiments with viruses.
- The double helix structure of DNA determined by Watson and Crick based on data from Franklin and others.
- DNA replication through semiconservative replication to produce identical copies.
- Transcription of DNA to mRNA and the three types of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA).
- Translation of mRNA using tRNA to specify amino acid sequence and produce proteins according to the genetic code.
Simplification process of complex 1H NMR and13C NMRDevika Gayatri
This document discusses techniques for simplifying complex 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. It describes the principles of NMR spectroscopy and types of protons that can cause complexity. Methods for simplification include isotope exchange, high field strengths, spin decoupling, 2D NMR techniques like COSY and NOE, and advanced instrumentation for 13C NMR. The document concludes that these techniques help clarify spectra, identify interacting protons, find hidden peaks, and simplify spectral interpretation.
Translational Genomics and Prostate Cancer: Meet the NGS Experts Series Part 2QIAGEN
Advanced prostate cancer is highly heterogeneous but this inter-patient heterogeneity has until recently not been understood. We have through an international research effort dissected the molecular landscape of advanced castration resistant prostate, elucidating key molecular targets in this group of diseases. We have also shown that PARP inhibitors have antitumor activity against a significant proportion of these cancers, mainly in men whose cancers harbor DNA repair defects.
- The document discusses the role of miRNAs in diabetes, focusing on miRNA-375. It states that miRNA-375 negatively regulates glucose stimulated insulin secretion and that inhibiting it leads to increased insulin secretion while overexpression leads to decreased secretion.
- It also mentions several other miRNAs - miR-9, miR-96, miR-124a - that regulate insulin secretion and discusses how their functions relate to diabetes. Additionally, it discusses how hyperglycemia and inflammatory cytokines influence miRNA expression and how specific miRNAs like miR-30d, miR-15a, and miR-335 impact insulin production and secretion.
- The role of miRNAs in insulin target tissues like the liver and heart is also covered, focusing on miR-122,
NGS in Clinical Research: Meet the NGS Experts Series Part 1QIAGEN
Next generation sequencing has revolutionized clinical testing but has also created novel challenges. This presentation will give an overview of state of the art clinical NGS and discuss validation, clinical implementation as well as the migration from gene panels to exome sequencing for inherited disorders with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. In addition, important shortcomings such as difficulties with regions of high sequence homology will be discussed.
B.tech biotechnology ii elements of biotechnology unit 2 structure of dnaRai University
James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the double helical structure of DNA in 1953. DNA is made up of nucleotides containing a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine), a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. Adenine pairs with thymine through two hydrogen bonds, and guanine pairs with cytosine through three hydrogen bonds. DNA stores genetic information, takes the double helix form, and can undergo structural variations like hairpin loops or cruciform structures. DNA has characteristic absorption, density, denaturation, and hybridization properties that provide information about its structure and sequence.
DNA is contained in the nucleus of cells and is made up of a double helix of sugar-phosphate backbones connected by base pairs. It can be extracted from cells using enzymes and detergents. DNA replicates before cell division using DNA polymerase. Mutations can occur through insertion, deletion, substitution or inversion of bases. Genes are sections of DNA that code for amino acids and traits. Meiosis and mitosis are cell division processes that involve DNA replication and segregation.
This document provides an overview of MySQL replication including basic concepts, terminology, and configuration steps. It discusses four replication scenarios: 1) setting up a single slave for backups and reporting; 2) adding a new slave by bootstrapping from an existing slave; 3) performing point-in-time recovery using binary logs; and 4) promoting a slave to a standby master for maintenance. Key aspects covered include configuring replication, taking backups, synchronizing slave positions, and switching over connections during a failover.
Utilization of NGS to Identify Clinically-Relevant Mutations in cfDNA: Meet t...QIAGEN
Pancreatic cancer is a uniquely lethal malignancy characterized by frequent mutations in KRAS, CDKN2A, SMAD4, TP53 and many others. We have shown that KRAS mutation can be detected in cell-free, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) isolated from the plasma in a subset of patients and is associated with poor prognosis. The ability to simultaneously detect multiple pancreatic cancer-specific mutations in ctDNA would open a new avenue for detection of clinically-relevant mutations. In this study, we performed ultra-deep sequencing of ctDNA from advanced pancreatic cancer patients prior to treatment with Gemcitabine and Erlotinib following target enrichment. Somatic, non-synonymous variants were identified in 29 different genes at allele frequencies typically less than 0.5%. Updated results of ultra-deep NGS analysis will be presented.
DNA contains the genetic information of organisms. It is made up of nucleotides containing deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases. DNA replicates itself through complementary base pairing between adenine and thymine, and cytosine and guanine. It carries the genetic code and provides instructions for building proteins through transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to proteins. DNA plays a key role in heredity by determining traits through the genes it contains.
Genetics is the study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms. It is a broad discipline that includes molecular genetics, transmission genetics, population genetics, and many other fields. Some key areas of genetics are molecular genetics, which studies genes at the molecular level; transmission genetics, which explores inheritance patterns; population genetics, which studies genetic variation in populations; and quantitative genetics, which examines continuously measured traits. Genetics interfaces with disciplines like biochemistry, molecular biology, and evolution and has applications in areas such as agriculture, medicine, and conservation.
Lec 10 level 3-de (dna structure and replication)dream10f
The document discusses DNA structure and replication. It describes how DNA is composed of nucleotides that combine to form the characteristic double helix structure. The four nucleotides are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine which pair up through hydrogen bonding in a specific way. DNA replication is semi-conservative and precisely copies the genetic information for cell division. It involves unwinding of the DNA double helix, synthesis of new complementary strands, and production of two identical DNA molecules each composed of one original and one new strand.
The document outlines the process of DNA replication. It begins with helicase splitting the DNA double helix into single strands. RNA primase adds RNA primers to the lagging strand for DNA polymerase to begin DNA synthesis. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to both strands in the 5' to 3' direction. Okazaki fragments are formed on the lagging strand and later joined by DNA ligase. The process continues until both strands have been replicated.
El documento describe el descubrimiento de la estructura de doble hélice del ADN. Rosalind Franklin tomó la famosa fotografía 51 usando difracción de rayos X que capturó la estructura de doble hélice del ADN. Sus colegas Watson y Crick usaron esta fotografía sin su permiso para confirmar su modelo de doble hélice del ADN. Aunque contribuyó significativamente al descubrimiento, la contribución de Franklin no fue reconocida cuando Watson, Crick y Wilkins recibieron el Premio Nobel por este logro en 1962.
This chapter discusses genome sequencing, analysis, and properties. It explains that genomes can be sequenced through whole genome shotgun sequencing. Bioinformatics is used to analyze genome sequences and properties such as gene number, non-coding DNA, and repetitive elements. Comparing genomes of different organisms provides insights into genome evolution and development through duplication events, rearrangements, and changes in gene expression.
RNA differs from DNA in its sugar (ribose vs deoxyribose), bases (uracil replaces thymine), and structure (usually single-stranded instead of double helix). There are several types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA) which transfers amino acids to ribosomes using anticodons that match mRNA codons, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which makes up ribosomal structure and acts as an enzyme during protein synthesis.
The document summarizes the organization and structure of DNA within chromosomes. It discusses how DNA is packaged at different levels, from winding around histones to form nucleosomes, to coiling to form the 30nm chromatin fiber and further condensing to form mitotic chromosomes. It also describes the centromeres and telomeres, which play important roles in chromosome segregation and stability. Chromosomal banding patterns allow distinguishing each chromosome.
This document discusses several types of molecular recombination: homologous recombination, site-specific recombination, and transposition. It describes reciprocal homologous recombination through the double-strand break model and nonreciprocal homologous recombination through the Fox model. Site-specific recombination is important for viral genome insertion and has small regions of homology. Transposition involves transposable elements like transposons that are mobile genetic elements.
The document discusses DNA structure and replication. It begins by summarizing Griffith's experiments which showed genetic material can be transferred between bacteria. Next, it describes the discovery of DNA's double helix structure by Watson and Crick in 1953, including its key features like base pairing and antiparallel strands. The document then reviews three proposed models of DNA replication before summarizing Meselson and Stahl's experiment which supported the semiconservative model where each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand. Finally, it provides an overview of the molecular mechanism of DNA replication from the origin of replication to DNA polymerase adding nucleotides.
The document summarizes key concepts about the plasma membrane and transport mechanisms. It discusses that the plasma membrane is a selectively permeable bilayer made of phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins and carbohydrates. It selectively regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell through passive transport mechanisms like diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis, as well as active transport which requires energy. Endocytosis and exocytosis are mechanisms of bulk transport involved in taking material into and secreting it out of the cell, respectively.
The document discusses the history and development of gene editing technology, including how CRISPR/Cas9 has allowed for quick and efficient genetic modification in human cells and animal models. While gene editing holds promise for understanding disease and potentially treating genetic conditions, its use in human embryos particularly with CRISPR/Cas9 raises significant ethical concerns about human germline modification and eugenics. The document argues that prominent scientists have rightly begun discussions around the ethical implications of modifying the human genome.
Lecture 3.part.1Denaturation,Renaturation of DNA Replication of DNA DrQuratulAin5
The document discusses denaturation and renaturation of DNA and replication of DNA. It provides details on how DNA can be denatured using heat, chemicals, or proteins. Renaturation requires energy and slow cooling to allow base pairs to rebuild. DNA replication is semiconservative, with each strand serving as a template to produce a new complementary strand. Meselson and Stahl's experiment demonstrated that replication is semiconservative through detection of bands at different densities on centrifugation.
DNA replication is the process by which DNA copies itself. It occurs through semiconservative replication where the two original DNA strands separate and each serves as a template to produce two new daughter strands. On the leading strand, DNA polymerase can continuously synthesize new DNA in the 5' to 3' direction. On the lagging strand, DNA is synthesized away from the replication fork in short fragments called Okazaki fragments that are later joined together.
Genome assembly: the art of trying to make one big thing from millions of ver...Keith Bradnam
A talk about genome assembly. Largely aimed at people new to the field, this slide deck is an updated version of a talk that I first gave last year and which I recently presented as part of a UC Davis Bioinformatics Core training workshop.
Author: Keith Bradnam, Genome Center, UC Davis
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The document contains a series of questions about genes and proteins. It tests knowledge of topics like where replication, transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes; the central dogma of molecular biology; the number of nucleotides in mRNA codons; and the effects of mutations. It also covers processes like transcription, including initiation, elongation and termination steps, as well as mRNA processing in eukaryotes.
Phylogenomics and the diversification of microbes.Jonathan Eisen
This document summarizes a presentation on phylogenomics and the diversification of microbes. It discusses using phylogenomic analysis to improve functional predictions of uncharacterized genes by considering evolutionary relationships. Examples analyzed include extremophile Carboxydothermus and the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. It also discusses using phylogenomic approaches to study the "hidden majority" of uncultured microbes through metagenomic sequencing and how symbioses facilitate novel functions in hosts.
The document provides an overview of green fluorescent protein (GFP) including its origins and history of study. It describes how GFP was cloned and sequenced in the 1990s, expressed in E. coli and C. elegans, and engineered into improved mutants with increased fluorescence. The document then discusses how the Protein Data Bank can be used to view 3D structures of proteins like GFP and how multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees can reveal relationships between GFP derivatives.
This document provides instructions for designing primers for PCR using the Primer3 website. It explains that PCR involves cycling between DNA denaturation, annealing of primers, and elongation to amplify a target DNA sequence. Good primers are around 20 nucleotides long with a GC percentage of 50-60% and melting temperature around 60°C. The document guides obtaining a target DNA sequence from NCBI and using Primer3 to design primers, specifying amplicon size and target region. It recommends checking primer specificity using NCBI BLAST.
Letter and Document Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Sol...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on automated letter generation for Bonterra Impact Management using Google Workspace or Microsoft 365.
Interested in deploying letter generation automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
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GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
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10. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
13. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
14. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
20. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
21. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
22. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
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25. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
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27. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
29. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
30. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
37. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
46. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
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48. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
50. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
51. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
56. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
58. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
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68. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
72. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
75. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
77. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
79. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.
82. Animation Please note that due to differing operating systems, some animations will not appear until the presentation is viewed in Presentation Mode (Slide Show view). You may see blank slides in the “Normal” or “Slide Sorter” views. All animations will appear after viewing in Presentation Mode and playing each animation. Most animations will require the latest version of the Flash Player, which is available at http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer.