DNA

1. Chemical Composition of
DNA

2. Components
•Five-carbon sugar (pentose) called
deoxyribose
•Phosphate group
•Nitrogenous base
classification:
purines (G and A)
pyrimidines (C and T)

3. How is the DNA Chemically Designed to
Perform its Role as Genetic Material?
DNA
•Deoxyribonucleic Acid
•Storage facility of genetic information (genes)
•It is replicated during synthesis phase of
interphase before a cell divides.
•Provides mechanism for chromosome
duplication.

4. What Is the Central Dogma of Molecular
Genetics?
DNA
RNA PROTEIN
Transcription
Reverse
Transcription
Self-replication
loop
Lab conditions
Self-replication
loop

5. DNA Replication:
DNA TO DNA
Complementary Base
Pairing
• C pairs with G, and
vice versa
•A pairs with T, and vice
versa

6. DNA Replication
TAC CTG TAG AGG CTC TTC ATG CAG AAG ATC
ATG GAC ATC TCC GAG AAG TAC GTC TTC TAG
Old Strand
New Strand

7. Transcription: DNA to RNA
TAC CTG TAG AGG CTC TTC ATG CAG AAG ATC
AUG GAC AUC UCC GAG AAG UAC GUC UUC UAG
One Strand DNA
mRNA

8. Transcription: DNA to RNA

9. Translation: RNA to Protein
UAC CUG UAG AGG CUC UUC AUG CAG AAG AUC
tRNA
Final pairing/last strand
AUG GAC AUC UCC GAG AAG UAC GUC UUC UAG
Final pairing
met – asp – ile – ser – glu – lys – tyr – val – phe – stop

10. Genetic Code

12. What is the Role of DNA in
Heredity?
•Some genes provide instructions for the
production of building blocks of the body,
such as keratin in hair and in skin. Some
genes code for the production of melanin
that gives brown color to skin, eyes and hair,
amylase for starch digestion or hormones
like insulin for regulation of blood sugar.