1. The document describes the design and construction of a 115kV substation. It includes sections on substation design, construction, civil and structural design, mechanical design, electrical design, and reference standards. 2. Key aspects of the design include civil and structural elements like foundations, drainage, and oil containment. The electrical design covers protection, communication, grounding and circuit breakers. 3. Construction includes installing high-voltage equipment, transformers, switchgear, protection relays and control systems. Commissioning involves testing, relay settings and training personnel on equipment operation and maintenance.

1. 1
Design and Construction of
A 115 kV Substation

2. 2
Substation Design
Civil and
structural design
Mechanical
design
Electrical
design
Substation layout

3. 3
Construction
Relay setting
Substation layout
Testing and
commissioning

4. 4
Civil and structural design
1. Site preparation
2. Soil sterilization
3. Drainage
4. Foundations and structures
5. Oil containment

5. 5
Reference Standards:
1. ACI 117-90, Standard tolerances for concrete
construction and materials.
2. ACI 301-96, Specifications for structural
concrete for buildings.
3. ACI 304-89, Guide for measuring, mixing,
transporting and placing concrete.

6. 6
1. Heating, ventilation and air condition
2. Water and sewer connection
3. Noise abatement facility
4. Level of fire protection
5. Levels of exhaust emissions
Mechanical design

7. 7
1. ACI 305-91, Hot weather concreting.
2. ACI 306-88, Cold weather concreting.
3. ACI 318-99, Building code requirements for
reinforced concrete & commentary.
4. ANSI B18.12-1962, American national standard
glossary of terms for mechanical fasteners.
5. ANSI C29.9-1983, American national standard
for wet-process porcelain insulators.
Reference Standards:

8. 8
Electrical design
1. Protection and control design
2. Communication design
3. Grounding and shielding
4. Circuit breaker,
5. Instrumentation and metering

9. 9
1. Accredited standard committee C2-1997,
National electrical safety code.
2. ANSI C37.06-1997, American national standard
for switchgear AC high voltage circuit breakers
rated on a symmetrical current basis preferred
ratings and related required capabilities.
3. ANSI C37.12-1991, American national standard
specification guide for AC high voltage circuit
breaker based on a symmetrical current basis.
Reference Standards:

10. 10
4. ANSI C37.32-1996, American national
standard for switchgear high voltage air
switches, bus supports, and switch accessories
schedules of preferred ratings, manufacturing
specifications, and applications guide.
5. ANSI C57.12.10-1988, American national
standard for transformers.
6. ANSI C57.12.11-1980, American national
standard guide for installation of oil immersed
transformers (10 MVA, 69-287 kV rating)
Reference Standards: (Cont.)

11. 11
7. ANSI C93.4-1984, American national standard
for power line carrier line tuning equipment.
8. ANSI C298-1985, American national standard
for wet process porcelain insulators
9. ANSI 14.15-1988, American national standard
electrical and electronic diagram
10. ANSI/NAAMM MBG531-1993, Metal bar
grating manual
Reference Standards: (Cont.)

12. 12
11. IEEE Std 48-1996, IEEE standard test
procedures and requirements for alternating
current cable.
12. IEEE Std 80-2000, IEEE guide for safety in AC
substation grounding.
13. IEEE Std 485-1997. IEEE recommended
practice for sizing lead acid batteries for
stationary applications.
14. IEEE Std 605-1998, IEEE guide for the design
of substation rigid-bus structures.
Reference Standards: (Cont.)

13. 13
15. IEEE Std 998-1996, IEEE guide for direct
lightning stroke shielding of substation.
16. IEEE Std 1264-1993, IEEE guide for animal
deterrents for electric power supply substation.
17. IEEE Std C37.010-1988, IEEE application
guide for AC high voltage circuit breakers rated
on a symmetrical current basis.
18. IEEE Std C37-30-1997, IEEE standard
requirements for high voltage switches.
Reference Standards: (Cont.)

14. 14
Construction
1. Grading specifications
2. Foundation specifications
3. Structures
4. Fence specifications
5. Bus and equipment
6. Testing and monitoring
7. Compliance with applicable regulation

15. 15
Construction of Grounding System

16. 16
Installation of High-Voltage Equipment

17. 17
115kV Disconnecting and Earthing Switch

18. 18
CT and VT

19. 19
SF6 Circuit Breaker

20. 20
115kV/6.9kV 6MVA Power Transformer

21. 21
Control Cable Installation

22. 22
Medium Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear

23. 23
Protection Relaying and Control Board

24. 24
Battery Charger

25. 25
Control Room

26. 26
115 kV Substation

27. 27
Relay setting
1. Line protection
2. Substation bus protection
3. Transformer protection
4. Breaker protection
5. Utility-consumer interconnections
6. Other substation protection

28. 28
Testing and Commissioning
1. Testing standards
2. Test and records to provide positive
assurance
3. Operation and maintenance training

29. 29
Operation and
Maintenance Training
1. Location and identification of major
equipment components
2. Demonstration of equipment maintenance
techniques
3. Demonstration of equipment operation,
both locally and remote

30. 30
4. Overview of the indicating instruments in
the panels
5. Overview of the protective relay system,
definition of zones covered by each relay,
implication of trips, techniques for setting
trip points
Operation and Maintenance Training (Cont.)

31. 31

32. 32
1.Substation Design
2.Grounding Design
3.Commissioning

33. 33
Electrical Design
General
1. Coordination with other design groups
2. Preliminary and ultimate substation layout
to establish size requirements in
consultation with the other design groups
3. Animal deterrent designs required for the
substation
4. Ultimate low-voltage AC station service
load requirements for the equipment at
the substation

34. 34
5. Sources of the preferred and alternate AC
station power service
6. All control measurement, indication, and
protection design, including wiring

35. 35
1. IEEE Std 525-1992 Guide for the Design and
Installation of Cable Systems in Substations
2. IEEE Std 605-1998 Guide for Design of
Substation Rigid-Bus Structures
3. IEEE Std 837-2002 Standard for Qualifying
Permanent Connections Used in Substation
Grounding
4. IEEE Std 979-1984 Guide for Substation Fire
Protection

36. 36
5. IEEE Std 998-1996 Guide for Direct Lightning
Stroke Shielding of Substations
6. IEEE Std 1119-1988 Guide for Fence Safety
Clearances in Electric-supply Stations
7. IEEE Std 1127-1990 Guide for the Design,
Construction and Operation of Safe Reliable
Substations for Environmental Acceptance
8. IEEE Std 1246-2002 Guide for Temporary
Protective Grounding System Used in
Substations

37. 37
31.5MVA Power Transformer

38. 38
Steel Structure Installation

39. 39

40. 40
Conduit Installation

41. 41
Aluminum Tube Busbar Installation

42. 42
Grounding Design

43. 43
Standard Design
IEEE Std. 80-2000, “IEEE Guide for Safety in
AC Substation Grounding is based on the
Safety Criteria of Acceptable Touch and
Step Potentials”, May 1, 2001.

44. 44
Process Design
1. Survey
2. Measurement Soil Resistivity
3. Grounding Design

45. 45
a/20 max
a a a
v
I
Ground
Soil
Four Point Method or Wenner’s Method

46. 46

47. 47

48. 48

49. 49
Ground Resistance
Measurement

50. 50
IEEE Std.81.2-1991, “IEEE Guide for
Measurement of Impedance and Safety
Characteristics of Large, Extended or
Interconnected Grounding System”, June
25, 1992.
Standard Measurement

51. 51
Ground System
A
V
62 % 100 %

52. 52
Standard Design
1. Accredited standard committee C2-1997,
National electrical safety code.
2. ACI 117-90, Standard tolerances for
concrete construction and materials.
3. ACI 301-96, Specifications for structural
concrete for buildings.
4. ACI 304-89, Guide for measuring, mixing,
transporting and placing concrete.

53. 53
5. ACI 305-91, Hot weather concreting.
6. ACI 306-88, Cold weather concreting.
7. ACI 318-99, Building code requirements
for reinforced concrete & commentary.
8. ANSI B18.12-1962, American national
standard glossary of terms for mechanical
fasteners.
9. ANSI C29.9-1983, American national
standard for wet-process porcelain
insulators.

54. 54
10. ANSI C37.06-1997, American national
standard for switchgear AC high voltage
circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical
current basis preferred ratings and related
required capabilities.
11. ANSI C37.12-1991, American national
standard specification guide for AC high
voltage circuit breaker based on a
symmetrical current basis.

55. 55
12. ANSI C37.32-1996, American national
standard for switchgear high voltage air
switches, bus supports, and switch
accessories schedules of preferred
ratings, manufacturing specifications, and
applications guide.
13. ANSI C57.12.10-1988, American
national standard for transformers.
14. ANSI C57.12.11-1980, American national
standard guide for installation of oil
immersed transformers (10 MVA, 69-287
kV rating)

56. 56
15. ANSI C57.12.12-1980, American national
standard guide for installation of oil
immersed transformers 345 kV and above
16. ANSI C63.2-1996, American national
standard for electromagnetic noise and field
strength instrumentation, 10 kHz to 40 GHz.
17. ANSI C93.2-1976, American national
standard requirements for power line
coupling capacitor voltage transformers.
18. ANSI C93.3-1981, American national
standard for power line carrier line traps.

57. 57
19. ANSI C93.4-1984, American national
standard for power line carrier line tuning
equipment.