Thomas Huxley (1825-1895) was a British biologist and advocate for Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. He studied medicine and published his first paper in 1845. As a young scientist, he made contributions to the fields of comparative anatomy and invertebrate zoology. In debates with Richard Owen, Huxley argued that apes are more closely related to humans than previously believed. He was an outspoken supporter of Darwin and popularized his evolutionary ideas, playing a key role in their widespread acceptance. Huxley held several prestigious scientific positions and mentored other prominent biologists. He was influential in professionalizing science and its communication to the public.
Darwin said, "If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down.”
Darwin, C. (1872) Origin of Species, 6th ed. (1988), New York University Press, New York, p. 154.
180 years later, his theory has broken down according to his own criteria! There is ABSOLUTELY NOT ONE TRANSITIONAL FOSSIL BETWEEN KINDS OF ANIMALS. DARWIN'S THEORY IS WRONG!
And his ideas have promoted racism and white supremacy more than any other single person worldwide for the past 150 years! Darwin needs to be Dethroned in our scientific and educational systems.
Representation of Hybrid Jacob in Octavia Butler’s Clay’s Ark: A Posthumanist...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Discussed from a posthumanistic perspective this paper argues for the possibility of a hybrid subject and the acceptance of the same. The discussion revolves around the enhanced characters and the human-animal hybrid Jacob. This paper also examines how human beings are interconnected with different life forms and there is a kinship between animals and humans. Peter Singer’s ideas about animal liberation and Nayar’s posthumanism are used to support the existence of a hybrid. Butler offers a hybrid that is radically different and possesses human values in a different form. The existence of human-animal hybrid can be found in mythology and science fictions. Rejection of the idea of autonomous self can help us to think about a hybrid in our world
Darwin said, "If it could be demonstrated that any complex organ existed which could not possibly have been formed by numerous, successive, slight modifications, my theory would absolutely break down.”
Darwin, C. (1872) Origin of Species, 6th ed. (1988), New York University Press, New York, p. 154.
180 years later, his theory has broken down according to his own criteria! There is ABSOLUTELY NOT ONE TRANSITIONAL FOSSIL BETWEEN KINDS OF ANIMALS. DARWIN'S THEORY IS WRONG!
And his ideas have promoted racism and white supremacy more than any other single person worldwide for the past 150 years! Darwin needs to be Dethroned in our scientific and educational systems.
Representation of Hybrid Jacob in Octavia Butler’s Clay’s Ark: A Posthumanist...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Discussed from a posthumanistic perspective this paper argues for the possibility of a hybrid subject and the acceptance of the same. The discussion revolves around the enhanced characters and the human-animal hybrid Jacob. This paper also examines how human beings are interconnected with different life forms and there is a kinship between animals and humans. Peter Singer’s ideas about animal liberation and Nayar’s posthumanism are used to support the existence of a hybrid. Butler offers a hybrid that is radically different and possesses human values in a different form. The existence of human-animal hybrid can be found in mythology and science fictions. Rejection of the idea of autonomous self can help us to think about a hybrid in our world
John Amos Comenius - Father of Modern EducationBinibini Cmg
John Amos Comenius was a seventeenth century visionary and innovator.
He tended to think in big pictures, and believed that much of life's learning should be woven together, a concept he called Via Lucis, or "way of light."
Amphibians are a class of animals like reptiles, mammals, and birds. They live the first part of their lives in the water and the last part on the land. When they hatch from their eggs, amphibians have gills so they can breathe in the water. They also have fins to help them swim, just like fish. Later, their bodies change, growing legs and lungs enabling them to live on the land. The word "amphibian" means two-lives, one in the water and one on land.
Due Sunday January 2, 2016Instructions Your first essay – the c.docxjacksnathalie
Due Sunday January 2, 2016
Instructions: Your first essay – the critical evaluation essay – is due at the end of week three. In this essay, you will be critically evaluating a classic argument. Be sure to submit a final draft in MLA format.
Choose one argument from the historic American or global works listed in the “Supplemental Readings” section of the course lessons. Decide whether this argument is successful or not. If you decide this essay is successful, discuss why. You may use the structure of the argument, the tone, and the various types of support (ethos, pathos, and logos) as proof of the argument’s success. Make sure that your thesis has an introduction that contains a hook and a thesis, body paragraphs that discuss one proof at a time (one paragraph per example), and a conclusion. If you decide that the essay is not successful, then discuss the fallacies that the argument makes. You are still required to have a strong introduction (hook and thesis), body paragraphs that discuss one fallacy at a time, and a conclusion. You may also discuss how the essay is successful with reservations. In this case, point to both the support and the fallacies you have found in the work.
This paper should be at least 700 words, but no more than 850. The paper should be formatted correctly MLA style and written in third person (do not use the words I, me, us, we, or you). The essay should also contain citations and a works cited list based on your selected essay in the assigned readings. Formulate the structured response from your own close reading of the text. Do not use outside sources (open Web) without explicit permission from the instructor.
DISCLAIMER: Originality of attachments will be verified by Turnitin. Both you and your instructor will receive the results.
From The Damned Human Race by Mark Twain
Mark Twain is a central figure in American literature. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, his finest
work, is the story of a journey down the Mississippi by two memorable figures, a white boy and a
black slave. Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1835 and was raised in Hannibal,
Missouri. During his early years, he worked as a riverboat pilot, newspaper reporter, printer, and gold
prospector.
Although his popular image is as the author of such comic works as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,
Life on the Mississippi, and The Prince and the Pauper, Twain had a darker side that may have
resulted from the bitter experiences of his life: financial failure and the deaths of his wife and daughter.
His last writings are savage, satiric, and pessimistic. The following selection is taken from Letters
from the Earth, one of his last works. It has been under the title The Damned Human Race and has
been printed in numerous essay anthologies.
Did today’s newspaper feature headlines about people fighting somewhere in the world (Iraq,
Afghanistan, Africa)? Most likely, it did. In the following selection, Mark Twain ...
John Amos Comenius - Father of Modern EducationBinibini Cmg
John Amos Comenius was a seventeenth century visionary and innovator.
He tended to think in big pictures, and believed that much of life's learning should be woven together, a concept he called Via Lucis, or "way of light."
Amphibians are a class of animals like reptiles, mammals, and birds. They live the first part of their lives in the water and the last part on the land. When they hatch from their eggs, amphibians have gills so they can breathe in the water. They also have fins to help them swim, just like fish. Later, their bodies change, growing legs and lungs enabling them to live on the land. The word "amphibian" means two-lives, one in the water and one on land.
Due Sunday January 2, 2016Instructions Your first essay – the c.docxjacksnathalie
Due Sunday January 2, 2016
Instructions: Your first essay – the critical evaluation essay – is due at the end of week three. In this essay, you will be critically evaluating a classic argument. Be sure to submit a final draft in MLA format.
Choose one argument from the historic American or global works listed in the “Supplemental Readings” section of the course lessons. Decide whether this argument is successful or not. If you decide this essay is successful, discuss why. You may use the structure of the argument, the tone, and the various types of support (ethos, pathos, and logos) as proof of the argument’s success. Make sure that your thesis has an introduction that contains a hook and a thesis, body paragraphs that discuss one proof at a time (one paragraph per example), and a conclusion. If you decide that the essay is not successful, then discuss the fallacies that the argument makes. You are still required to have a strong introduction (hook and thesis), body paragraphs that discuss one fallacy at a time, and a conclusion. You may also discuss how the essay is successful with reservations. In this case, point to both the support and the fallacies you have found in the work.
This paper should be at least 700 words, but no more than 850. The paper should be formatted correctly MLA style and written in third person (do not use the words I, me, us, we, or you). The essay should also contain citations and a works cited list based on your selected essay in the assigned readings. Formulate the structured response from your own close reading of the text. Do not use outside sources (open Web) without explicit permission from the instructor.
DISCLAIMER: Originality of attachments will be verified by Turnitin. Both you and your instructor will receive the results.
From The Damned Human Race by Mark Twain
Mark Twain is a central figure in American literature. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, his finest
work, is the story of a journey down the Mississippi by two memorable figures, a white boy and a
black slave. Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1835 and was raised in Hannibal,
Missouri. During his early years, he worked as a riverboat pilot, newspaper reporter, printer, and gold
prospector.
Although his popular image is as the author of such comic works as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,
Life on the Mississippi, and The Prince and the Pauper, Twain had a darker side that may have
resulted from the bitter experiences of his life: financial failure and the deaths of his wife and daughter.
His last writings are savage, satiric, and pessimistic. The following selection is taken from Letters
from the Earth, one of his last works. It has been under the title The Damned Human Race and has
been printed in numerous essay anthologies.
Did today’s newspaper feature headlines about people fighting somewhere in the world (Iraq,
Afghanistan, Africa)? Most likely, it did. In the following selection, Mark Twain ...
In your responses, find a classmate who chose a different argume.docxjaggernaoma
In your responses, find a classmate who chose a different argument than yours. Do you agree with your classmate’s discussion? See if you can find a different example of where support is used within that chosen essay (or point out a possible fallacy to your classmate). Continue this conversation over a few days. Also, if you find that your chosen classmate has misunderstood the critical evaluation essay instructions (incorrectly summarizing the essay or giving historical/ biographical information rather than offering a critical examination of the work), please help that student get back on track.
Estefania Genovese New! Critical Evaluation Essay Discussion
Estefania Genovese (Sep 20, 2016 9:40 AM) - Read by: 9Mark as ReadReply to This MessageReply
Last Edited By Estefania Genovese on Sep 20, 2016 9:46 AM
Choosing the read "The Damned Human Race" by Mark Twain really challenged my ability to make a concrete idea of how believable the information presented by the author is. Nonetheless, I consider this an extremely great read, that triggers a lot of thinking, and rationalization. In my thesis statement I want to focus on the degree in which human beings make the lowest of creatures, and not the highest. The human race isn't all that inferior to the animal race, and I will analyze one paragraph at the time, to show what fallacies the author utilizes to get his point across. Furthermore, I will conclude my essay re-stating my thesis statement, and how the human race cannot be compared to the animal race in every single aspect.
Mark Twain, in my opinion, uses ethos, pathos, and logos in his narration. I say pathos because while reading this story, the author made feel a certain way, and these emotions made me almost believe everything he was saying at first glance. This is why it is very important to dig deeper while reading! He also uses ethos because in the first two paragraphs he tells how he came up with a new experiment to better categorized the human race. As he states: "In proceeding toward this unpleasant conclusion I have not guessed or speculated or conjectured, but have used what is commonly called the scientific method. That is to say, I have subjected every postulate that presented itself to the crucial test of actual experiment, and have adopted it or rejected it according to the result. Thus I verified and established each step of my course in its turn before advancing to the next. These experiments were made in the London Zoological Gardens, and covered many months of painstaking and fatiguing work." (Mark Twain, The Damned Human Race). The author gives the reader the ability to believe he has actually done these experiments, thus making his point across.
Doing this kind of critical thinking while reading an author's work is very important in college in order to be successful. Every subject will have readings incorporated in the class, and being able to evaluate those readings to get the most out of it, is essential. Especially when.
Why is this So? ~ Do Seek to KNOW (English & Chinese).pptxOH TEIK BIN
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma teaching of Kamma-Vipaka (Intentional Actions-Ripening Effects).
A Presentation for developing morality, concentration and wisdom and to spur us to practice the Dhamma diligently.
The texts are in English and Chinese.
The Hope of Salvation - Jude 1:24-25 - MessageCole Hartman
Jude gives us hope at the end of a dark letter. In a dark world like today, we need the light of Christ to shine brighter and brighter. Jude shows us where to fix our focus so we can be filled with God's goodness and glory. Join us to explore this incredible passage.
A Free eBook ~ Valuable LIFE Lessons to Learn ( 5 Sets of Presentations)...OH TEIK BIN
A free eBook comprising 5 sets of PowerPoint presentations of meaningful stories /Inspirational pieces that teach important Dhamma/Life lessons. For reflection and practice to develop the mind to grow in love, compassion and wisdom. The texts are in English and Chinese.
My other free eBooks can be obtained from the following Links:
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/presentations
https://www.slideshare.net/ohteikbin/documents
Discover various methods for clearing negative entities from your space and spirit, including energy clearing techniques, spiritual rituals, and professional assistance. Gain practical knowledge on how to implement these techniques to restore peace and harmony. For more information visit here: https://www.reikihealingdistance.com/negative-entity-removal/
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
A375 Example Taste the taste of the Lord, the taste of the Lord The taste of...franktsao4
It seems that current missionary work requires spending a lot of money, preparing a lot of materials, and traveling to far away places, so that it feels like missionary work. But what was the result they brought back? It's just a lot of photos of activities, fun eating, drinking and some playing games. And then we have to do the same thing next year, never ending. The church once mentioned that a certain missionary would go to the field where she used to work before the end of his life. It seemed that if she had not gone, no one would be willing to go. The reason why these missionary work is so difficult is that no one obeys God’s words, and the Bible is not the main content during missionary work, because in the eyes of those who do not obey God’s words, the Bible is just words and cannot be connected with life, so Reading out God's words is boring because it doesn't have any life experience, so it cannot be connected with human life. I will give a few examples in the hope that this situation can be changed. A375
2 Peter 3: Because some scriptures are hard to understand and some will force them to say things God never intended, Peter warns us to take care.
https://youtu.be/nV4kGHFsEHw
2. The Young Surgeon
Son of a schoolmaster
Self-taught after only two years of
schooling
Studied medicine at Charing Cross
Hospital
Published first paper in 1845 and
passed first portion of M.B. degree
Surgeons assistant on HMS
Rattlesnake (1846 - ‘50)
3. The Young Huxley
1849: “On the anatomy and the
affinities of the family of
Medusae”
1850: FRS at age 25
1851: Royal Society Medal
Scientific journalism & lecturing
1854; Professor of Natural
History at Royal School of Mines.
Married Henrietta Heathorn
4. On Vestiges
1854
The “once attractive and still
notorious work of fiction …
shown to be a mass of
pretentious nonsense” yet
survived due to the “utter
ignorance of the public mind as
to the methods of science and
the criterion of truth.”
5. As “Gentleman of Science”
1855: Fullerian Professor at Royal
Institute
1863: Hunterian Professor at Royal
College of Surgeons
1869: President, British Association
for the Advancement of Science
1869: Founds Nature
1872: President, Geological Society
1883: President, Royal Society
6. As Mentor
Michael Foster (Physiology,
Cambridge)
E. Ray Lankester (Zoology, UCL)
William Flower (Director,
Natural History Museum)
St. George Jackson Mivart
(Heretic)
7. Public Intellectual
1862: Royal Commissioner
1870: London School Board
1881: Inspector of Fisheries
1892: Privy Councillor
Ongoing public debates with
Disraeli, Gladstone, Balfour ...
8. Huxley
Professionalization of science
Prevalence of morphological
studies in British zoology
Popularization of science
Adult education programs
Coiner of ‘agnostic’
Atheists were as reprehensible as
religious dogmatists
Mitigated skepticism
Critic of deriving morality from
nature
9. “Bones and Stones and Such-
like Things”
Mechanics Institute lectures
Lecture “On A Piece of Chalk”
Chalk, fossils and evolution
versus special creation
Science as trained and organized
common sense
Science will set you free!
10. “Pope Darwin”
A secular state run by the
scientifically trained
Importance of naturalistic
explanations (as exemplified by
Darwinism)
Evolution as “a good stick with
which to beat the clergy”
11. 1855
Lecture at Royal Institute
“On certain zoological arguments commonly adduced
in favour of the hypothesis of the progressive
development of animal life in time”
Against Chambers, Lamarck and transmutation itself
Introduced to Darwin’s ideas by CD himself
12. Natural Selection
“How extremely stupid not to
have thought of that”
Utility of natural selection as
an hypothesis versus it as
“truth”
“[U]ntil selection and breeding
can be seen to give rise to
varieties which are infertile
with each other, natural
selection cannot be proved.”
13. Darwin
“The empirical evidence you call for is both impossible
in practical terms, and in any event unnecessary. It's the
same as asking to see every step in the transformation
(or the splitting) of one species into another. My way so
many issues are clarified and problems solved; no other
theory does nearly so well.”
14. Evolution
Evolution as hypothesis
rather than theory (Feb 1860)
Evolution as a theory well
supported by empirical
evidence (1880)
Humans, birds, and horses
15.
16.
17. John Tyndall
“Belfast Address” 1874
Despite Huxley’s warning,
advocated materialism within
evolutionism
Darwinian theory “rejected the
notion of creative power”
Religion as "mischievous if
permitted to intrude on the
region of objective knowledge,
over which it holds no command".
19. The X Club
Monthly meetings between 1864 and 1892
Tyndall, Hooker, Herbert Spencer, and others.
Rise to power in BAAS, Royal Society, Royal College of
Surgeons
Treatment of Henry Charlton Bastain and St. George
Jackson Mivart
20. Dinosaurs & Birds
Problems with Owen’s depictions
of Iguanodon
Archaeopteryx as bird (Owen 1863)
Birds evolved from small
carnivorous dinosaurs (Huxley
1868)
32. Owen 1857
Humans were a separate sub-
class of Mammalia.
Study of ....
South American monkey
Negro (Tiedemann)
Chimpanzee (van der Kolk
& Vrolik)
33. Owen 1857
“I cannot shut my eyes to the
significance of that all-pervading
similitude of structure - every
tooth, every bone, strictly
homologous - which makes the
determination of the difference
[between man and ape] the
anatomist’s difficulty”
Removed from Rede Lecture,
Cambridge, 1859
34. Owen 1857
Projection of the posterior
lobe
Presence of posterior horn
Presence of hippocampus
minor.
35.
36. Darwin
A “grand paper; but I
cannot swallow Man
making a division as
distinct from a
Chimpanzee, and an
ornithorhynchus from a
Horse: I wonder what a
Chimpanzee w[oul]d say
to this?”
37. Huxley
“[B]efore I have done with
that mendacious humbug I will
nail him out, like a kite to a
barn door, an example to all
evil doers.”
“On the Theory of the
Vertebrate Skull” (June ’58)
38. BAAS 1860
Huxley was asked (and declined) to comment on a
paper discussing Darwin’s ideas
Owen: “the brain of the gorilla was more different
from that of man than from that of the lowest primate
particularly because only man had a posterior lobe, a
posterior horn, and a hippocampus minor.”
Huxley: politely "denied altogether that the difference
between the brain of the gorilla and man was so great"
40. Huxley
Death of son, Noel, requires
Charles Kingsley to calm THH.
(1860)
Paper in Natural History Review
argued Owen was “guilty of
falsehood” (January 1861)
“The Relation of Man to the Rest
of the Animal Kingdom” (School
of Mines, May 1861)
42. Owen 1861
“The Gorilla and the
Negro” (March)
Only humans have a
hippocampus minor “as
defined in human anatomy.”
The issue was one of
interpretation, not facts.
Resultant exchange lead THH
to declare ...
43. Huxley
“Life is too short to occupy
oneself with the slaying of the
slain more than once.”
44. Darwin to Hooker
“Owen occupied an entirely
untenable position ... The fact is he
made a prodigious blunder in
commencing the attack, and now
his only chance is to be silent and
let people forget the exposure. I
do not believe that in the whole
history of science there is a case
of any man of reputation getting
himself into such a contemptible
position. He will be the laughing-
stock of all the continental
anatomists.”
45. Am I satyr or man?
Pray tell me who can,
And settle my place in the scale.
A man in ape's shape,
An anthropoid ape,
Or monkey deprived of his tail?
The Vestiges taught,
That all came from naught
By "development," so called, "progressive;"
That insects and worms
Assume higher forms
By modification excessive.
“Monkeyana” - Punch - May 1861
46. Then Darwin set forth
In a book of much worth,
The importance of "nature's selection;"
How the struggle for life
Is a laudable strife,
And results in "specific distinction."
Let pigeons and doves
Select their own loves,
And grant them a million of ages,
Then doubtless you'll find
They've altered their kind,
And changed into prophets and sages.
“Monkeyana” - Punch - May 1861
47. Then Huxley and Owen,
With rivalry glowing,
With pen and ink rush to the scratch;
'Tis Brain versus Brain,
Till one of them's slain,
By JOVE! it will be a good match!
Says Owen, you can see
The brain of Chimpanzee
Is always exceedingly small,
With the hindermost "horn"
Of extremity shorn,
And no "Hippocampus" at all.
“Monkeyana” - Punch - May 1861
48. Next Huxley replies,
That Owen he lies,
And garbles his Latin quotation;
That his facts are not new,
His mistakes not a few,
Detrimental to his reputation.
"To twice slay the slain,
By dint of the Brain,
(Thus Huxley concludes his review)
Is but labour in vain,
Unproductive of gain,
And so I shall bid you 'Adieu'!"
“Monkeyana” - Punch - May 1861
50. 1862
William Henry Flower -
refutes Owen’s three features
based on dissection of 16
species.
van der Kolk & Vrolik - the
orang utan had the three
features
Huxley - Owen was “lying and
shuffling”
51. 1862
“Is it not high time that the annual
passage of barbed words between
Professor Owen and Professor
Huxley, on the cerebral distinction
between men and monkeys, should
cease? ... Continued on its present
footing, it becomes a hindrance
and an injury to science, a joke for
the populace, and a scandal to the
scientific world.”
British Medical Journal
54. Professor Ptthmllnsprts “held very strange theories about a good many things. He
had even got up once at the British Association, and declared that apes had
hippopotamus majors in their brains just as men have. Which was a shocking thing
to say; for, if it were so, what would become of the faith, hope, and charity of
immortal millions? You may think that there are other more important differences
between you and an ape, such as being able to speak, and make machines, and
know right from wrong, and say your prayers, and other little matters of that
kind; but that is a child’s fancy, my dear. Nothing is to be depended on but the
great hippopotamus test. If you have a hippopotamus major in your brain, you are
no ape, though you had four hands, no feet, and were more apish than the apes of
all aperies. But if a hippopotamus major is ever discovered in one single ape’s
brain, nothing will save your great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-
great-great-greater-greatest-grandmother from having been an ape too. No, my
dear little man; always remember that the one true, certain, final, and all-important
difference between you and an ape is, that you have a hippopotamus major in your
brain, and it has none; and that, therefore, to discover one in its brain will be a
very wrong and dangerous thing, at which every one will be very much shocked,
as we may suppose they were at the professor.—Though really, after all, it don’t
much matter; because—as Lord Dundreary and others would put it—nobody but
men have hippopotamuses in their brains; so, if a hippopotamus was discovered in
an ape’s brain, why it would not be one, you know, but something else.”
56. And from the foot of the throne there
swum away, out and into the sea, millions of
new-born creatures, of more shapes and
colours than man ever dreamed. And they
were Mother Carey’s children, whom she
makes out of the sea-water all day long.
He expected, of course – like some grown
people who ought to know better – to find
her snipping, piecing, fitting, stitching,
cobbling, basting, filing, planing, hammering,
turning, polishing, moulding, measuring,
chiselling, clipping, and so forth as men do
when they go to work to make anything.
But instead of that, she sat quite still with
her chin upon her hand, looking down into
the sea with two great grand blue eyes, as
blue as the sea itself.
Mother Carey
57. Tom said:
‘‘I hear you are very busy.’’
‘‘I am never more busy than I am now,’’ she
said without stirring a finger.
‘‘I heard, ma’am, that you were always
making new beasts out of old.’’
‘‘So people fancy. But I am not going to
trouble myself to make things, my little
dear. I sit here and make them make
themselves.’’
Mother Carey
64. Owen 1866
On the Anatomy of Vertebrates
The three structures were in
apes only “under modified
form and low grades of
development.”
65. Evolution and Ethics
“There are two very different
questions which people fail to
discriminate. One is whether
evolution accounts for morality, the
other whether the principle of
evolution in general can be adopted
as an ethical principle. The first, of
course, I advocate, and have
constantly insisted upon. The second
I deny, and reject all so-called
evolutional ethics based upon it.”
66. Changes
Rise in secularization
Rise in power of scientific community to self-define
knowledge and to control popularization
Increased professionalization
Dilution of influence of Oxford and Cambridge on
education
Acceptance of “evolution” (common descent) but not
“Darwinism” (natural selection)