Amphibians
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Amphibians have bare skin, lay eggs, and are born from eggs. They are oviparous and live in water. Examples given are toads, salamanders, and frogs, which are all classified as amphibians.
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This document summarizes amphibian and reptile reproduction. It discusses that amphibians lay anamniotic eggs that require moisture, while reptiles lay amniotic eggs with shells that are resistant to drying. It also describes that amphibians can be influenced by temperature to develop as male or female, and may use internal or external fertilization depending on the species. For reptiles, it notes they generally have internal fertilization and produce shelled eggs with specific embryonic structures. It also discusses sex determination and various reproductive strategies among different groups of mammals.
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Amphibians live both on land and in water, breathing through lungs, skin, and mouth. They are cold-blooded, soft-skinned, and most give live birth to larvae that live in water before transforming into land-dwelling adults. The three orders of amphibians are Caudata (salamanders), Gymnophiona (caecilians), and Anura (frogs and toads). Salamanders have tails and internal fertilization, while frogs and toads lack tails and have external fertilization through aquatic eggs and larvae. Caecilians are worm-like and mostly blind, living underground.
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Elasmobranchii is a subclass of Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fish, including the sharks and the rays, skates, and sawfish. Members of this subclass are characterised by having four to seven pairs of gill clefts opening individually to the exterior, rigid dorsal fins and small placoid scales on the skin. The teeth are in several series; the upper jaw is not fused to the cranium, and the lower jaw is articulated with the upper. The details of this jaw anatomy vary between species, and help distinguish the different elasmobranch clades. The pelvic fins in males are modified to create claspers for the transfer of sperm. There is no swim bladder; instead, these fish maintain buoyancy with large livers rich in oil.
placenta is established very early in development. In the placental Elasmohranchs, the Rays and Skates, the yolk-sac persists, the yolk being taken directly into the alimentary canal. In some cases an internal yolk-sac is also present. The blood vessels in the mesoblastic portion of the yolk-sac are also of use in absorbing the fiourishment contained. Observations on the Structure of Uterus & Placenta of Elasmobranchs 3 within it. External gill filaments present in the early stages of the ...
he second mode is that elasmobranchs give birth to live young. The picture is, however, somewhat more complicated than that because there are two methods of live birth. The first is aplacental viviparity (also referred to as ovoviviparity) and involves the pups being retained in the uterus, without a placental connection, until they are sufficiently developed to be able to fend for themselves.
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Amphibians live both on land and in water, breathing through lungs, skin, and mouth. They are cold-blooded, soft-skinned, and most give live birth to larvae that live in water before transforming into land-dwelling adults. The three orders of amphibians are Caudata (salamanders), Gymnophiona (caecilians), and Anura (frogs and toads). Salamanders have tails and internal fertilization, while frogs and toads lack tails and have external fertilization through aquatic eggs and larvae. Caecilians are worm-like and mostly blind, living underground.
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Elasmobranchii is a subclass of Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fish, including the sharks and the rays, skates, and sawfish. Members of this subclass are characterised by having four to seven pairs of gill clefts opening individually to the exterior, rigid dorsal fins and small placoid scales on the skin. The teeth are in several series; the upper jaw is not fused to the cranium, and the lower jaw is articulated with the upper. The details of this jaw anatomy vary between species, and help distinguish the different elasmobranch clades. The pelvic fins in males are modified to create claspers for the transfer of sperm. There is no swim bladder; instead, these fish maintain buoyancy with large livers rich in oil.
placenta is established very early in development. In the placental Elasmohranchs, the Rays and Skates, the yolk-sac persists, the yolk being taken directly into the alimentary canal. In some cases an internal yolk-sac is also present. The blood vessels in the mesoblastic portion of the yolk-sac are also of use in absorbing the fiourishment contained. Observations on the Structure of Uterus & Placenta of Elasmobranchs 3 within it. External gill filaments present in the early stages of the ...
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