Blood performs essential functions like transporting oxygen, nutrients, waste, and more. It is composed of plasma and formed elements including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. White blood cells help fight infection and inflammation. Platelets prevent fluid loss through clotting. Blood typing involves the ABO and Rh blood group systems which must match between donor and recipient blood for safe transfusion. Common blood disorders include anemias, leukemias, and issues with clotting.
Lecture 1: Hematology introducion For TID and HIV Medicine MSc studentsMulugeta Gobezie
This document provides an overview of basic hematology and hematopoiesis. It defines hematology as the study of blood and discusses the organization of blood and blood forming organs. Key points include: hematopoiesis occurs primarily in the bone marrow and involves the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from stem cells; the spleen, liver, lymph nodes and thymus also play roles in blood cell production and filtration; and abnormalities in hematopoiesis can provide early signs of disease.
The document provides an overview of hematology and the components of blood. It describes how blood circulates from the heart through arteries and veins, and how gases are exchanged in capillaries. The main components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It details the formation of blood cells through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow, and the different types of white blood cells. Common blood tests like complete blood count and disorders of the blood components are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of hematopathology, focusing on red blood cell disorders including anemia and polycythemia. It defines anemia and classifies it based on underlying mechanisms such as blood loss, diminished erythropoiesis, and hemolytic anemias. Megaloblastic anemias caused by vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are described in detail. Pernicious anemia, a specific form of vitamin B12 deficiency, is also summarized, covering its pathogenesis, morphology, clinical features and diagnosis.
This document provides an overview of basics of haematology. It discusses the properties, functions and components of blood including erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. It also describes haemopoiesis, blood grouping systems, blood indices, anaemia, blood coagulation factors, and common blood disorders. Key topics covered include the ABO and Rh blood grouping systems, haemostasis, coagulation testing, and haematopoiesis in the bone marrow and fetal liver.
This document summarizes information on haemostasis and bleeding disorders. It discusses the mechanisms of haemostasis, screening tests for bleeding disorders, platelet disorders like ITP and TTP, coagulation factor deficiencies like hemophilia A and B, and vessel wall abnormalities. Key points covered are the stages of haemostasis, common causes of thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis, management of ITP, and clinical features and treatment of disorders like hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, and Henoch-Schonlein purpura.
This document provides an overview of blood and its components. It discusses the four major functions of blood as transport, regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance, protection against toxins, and prevention of fluid loss through clotting. It describes the components of blood as plasma and formed elements, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It provides the normal ranges and key characteristics of each blood cell type and discusses hematopoiesis, the formation of blood cells in the bone marrow, as well as the role of the spleen in filtering blood.
The document provides an overview of tests used to assess the hematology system. It discusses the composition of blood including erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and hematopoiesis. Diagnostic tests are outlined including complete blood count, coagulation tests, platelet aggregation test, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase test, serum iron tests, bone marrow examination, lymph node biopsy, and radiological studies. The goal of these tests is to evaluate blood cellular components, clotting ability, and detect any abnormalities in the hematology system.
Introduction to veterinary hematology / Assist.Prof.Sr. Salah Al - KubaisiSalah Mahmoud
- Hematology is the study of blood cells, which include red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, and white blood cells (WBCs). RBCs are responsible for oxygen transport.
- RBCs are produced through erythropoiesis in the red bone marrow. This process takes 4-7 days to complete. When demand for RBCs increases, the bone marrow increases production by allowing younger cells to enter circulation or by speeding up maturation.
- RBCs survive for 2-5 months before being broken down. Their hemoglobin is broken into parts, with iron recycled and other parts excreted, giving feces their color.
- Erythro
Lecture 1: Hematology introducion For TID and HIV Medicine MSc studentsMulugeta Gobezie
This document provides an overview of basic hematology and hematopoiesis. It defines hematology as the study of blood and discusses the organization of blood and blood forming organs. Key points include: hematopoiesis occurs primarily in the bone marrow and involves the production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from stem cells; the spleen, liver, lymph nodes and thymus also play roles in blood cell production and filtration; and abnormalities in hematopoiesis can provide early signs of disease.
The document provides an overview of hematology and the components of blood. It describes how blood circulates from the heart through arteries and veins, and how gases are exchanged in capillaries. The main components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It details the formation of blood cells through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow, and the different types of white blood cells. Common blood tests like complete blood count and disorders of the blood components are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of hematopathology, focusing on red blood cell disorders including anemia and polycythemia. It defines anemia and classifies it based on underlying mechanisms such as blood loss, diminished erythropoiesis, and hemolytic anemias. Megaloblastic anemias caused by vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are described in detail. Pernicious anemia, a specific form of vitamin B12 deficiency, is also summarized, covering its pathogenesis, morphology, clinical features and diagnosis.
This document provides an overview of basics of haematology. It discusses the properties, functions and components of blood including erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. It also describes haemopoiesis, blood grouping systems, blood indices, anaemia, blood coagulation factors, and common blood disorders. Key topics covered include the ABO and Rh blood grouping systems, haemostasis, coagulation testing, and haematopoiesis in the bone marrow and fetal liver.
This document summarizes information on haemostasis and bleeding disorders. It discusses the mechanisms of haemostasis, screening tests for bleeding disorders, platelet disorders like ITP and TTP, coagulation factor deficiencies like hemophilia A and B, and vessel wall abnormalities. Key points covered are the stages of haemostasis, common causes of thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis, management of ITP, and clinical features and treatment of disorders like hemophilia, von Willebrand disease, and Henoch-Schonlein purpura.
This document provides an overview of blood and its components. It discusses the four major functions of blood as transport, regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance, protection against toxins, and prevention of fluid loss through clotting. It describes the components of blood as plasma and formed elements, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It provides the normal ranges and key characteristics of each blood cell type and discusses hematopoiesis, the formation of blood cells in the bone marrow, as well as the role of the spleen in filtering blood.
The document provides an overview of tests used to assess the hematology system. It discusses the composition of blood including erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and hematopoiesis. Diagnostic tests are outlined including complete blood count, coagulation tests, platelet aggregation test, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase test, serum iron tests, bone marrow examination, lymph node biopsy, and radiological studies. The goal of these tests is to evaluate blood cellular components, clotting ability, and detect any abnormalities in the hematology system.
Introduction to veterinary hematology / Assist.Prof.Sr. Salah Al - KubaisiSalah Mahmoud
- Hematology is the study of blood cells, which include red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, and white blood cells (WBCs). RBCs are responsible for oxygen transport.
- RBCs are produced through erythropoiesis in the red bone marrow. This process takes 4-7 days to complete. When demand for RBCs increases, the bone marrow increases production by allowing younger cells to enter circulation or by speeding up maturation.
- RBCs survive for 2-5 months before being broken down. Their hemoglobin is broken into parts, with iron recycled and other parts excreted, giving feces their color.
- Erythro
This document provides an overview of hematology, including the components of blood, routine hematology tests, automated counting principles, sources of error, red blood cell morphology and classifications of anemias, white blood cell evaluation and classifications, hematological disorders, and examination of body fluids. Key topics covered include normal ranges for blood components, principles of complete blood count and differentials, red blood cell maturation series, identifying abnormal red blood cells, and distinguishing features of transudates versus exudates in body fluids.
This document contains images and descriptions of normal and abnormal blood and bone marrow findings. It discusses various blood cell morphological abnormalities seen in different hematological conditions. The images show features of anemias, leukemias, myeloproliferative disorders and other blood disorders. Descriptions provide diagnostic information about cell appearance and implications for underlying diseases.
Hematology is the study of blood and blood forming organs. It involves the formation and development of blood cells through hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis begins in the yolk sac and later the liver, spleen, and bone marrow take over production of blood cells. The bone marrow contains stem cells that can differentiate into various blood cell types through committed progenitor cells. It maintains homeostasis by replacing blood cells that have a limited lifespan.
This document summarizes key topics in hematology, including cellular components of blood, components of blood such as red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, diseases that affect these components, blood typing, transfusion, and coagulation disorders. Some of the major areas covered are red blood cell production and diseases like sickle cell disease and polycythemia, white blood cell disorders including leukemia and lymphoma, platelet disorders, and bleeding disorders like hemophilia. Treatment approaches focus on following general guidelines, supportive care, and preventing further injury or infection.
The document discusses various components of a basic blood test. It provides details on the normal composition and functions of blood, as well as procedures for blood specimen collection. It also explains the clinical implications and reference ranges for various components analyzed in a complete blood count test, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and sedimentation rate.
This document discusses pathology of blood and urine. It begins by defining pathology and describing the components of blood, including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It then discusses various blood disorders like anemias and leukemias. The document also covers the functions of white blood cells and disorders affecting white blood cell count. Finally, it discusses the composition of normal urine and pathological constituents indicating various diseases, such as glucose indicating diabetes and bile salts/pigments indicating liver dysfunction.
This document provides an overview of hematology, including the anatomy and functions of blood components. It discusses the three main cellular elements - erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets - and how they are suspended in plasma. Key points covered include the structures and roles of erythrocytes in oxygen transport, leukocytes in immunity, and platelets in hemostasis. It also outlines the components and clinical significance of a complete blood count test.
This document provides an introduction to hematology and performing a complete blood count. It defines hematology as the study of blood and its components. The objectives include being able to define hematology, list the components and functions of blood, describe blood values, and perform tests to determine packed cell volume and plasma protein values. The document describes the cellular components of blood, functions of blood, normal blood values, organs of the circulatory system, and procedures for a complete blood count including packed cell volume and plasma protein determination.
2008 my lecture introduction to hematologyBruno Mmassy
Manage all clotting disorders by providing supportive care, controlling bleeding if present, and transporting promptly for definitive care. Monitor closely for signs of worsening condition.
This document provides an overview of hematopoiesis, the process by which blood cells are produced. It begins with a discussion of hematopoietic stem cells and their ability to differentiate into various blood cell types. The stages of red blood cell development from pronormoblast to reticulocyte to mature erythrocyte are described. Granulocyte development from myeloblast to mature neutrophil takes 5-12 days. Various hematopoietic growth factors that regulate blood cell production are also listed, including erythropoietin, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, and others.
This document discusses blood formation and types of anemia. It explains that blood is composed of red cells, white cells, platelets, and plasma. Blood formation begins in the yolk sac in the 2nd week and later occurs chiefly in the liver and spleen, then the bone marrow. The bone marrow contains stem cells that can differentiate into mature blood cells. Various growth factors are involved in blood formation. The document also classifies and describes different types of anemia, including iron deficiency anemia, and lists causes and treatment for anemia.
This document provides an introduction to hematology, including:
- A review of hematopoiesis, the process by which blood cells are formed.
- Descriptions of the main components of blood - plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets - and their functions.
- An overview of the development and characteristics of the main types of blood cells - erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes.
- Mention of some common laboratory tests used in hematology like complete blood count.
The summary provides an overview of the key components of the hematologic system including:
- Bone marrow is the primary site of blood cell production and contains red and yellow marrow.
- The three main cellular components of blood are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes which are involved in oxygen transport, immune function, and hemostasis respectively.
- Important blood groups are ABO and Rh which determine transfusion compatibility.
- Common lab tests include complete blood count, coagulation studies, and blood typing to evaluate the hematologic system.
Hematology is the study of blood and blood-forming organs. Key topics covered include hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells; normal blood volume and components; red blood cell production and function; white blood cell types and roles; platelet function; and common blood disorders such as anemias, leukemias, and bleeding/clotting disorders. Diseases are discussed in relation to abnormal cell counts or functions that can cause symptoms like fatigue, bleeding, or infection.
physiology of Blood for nursery students dina merzeban
1. Red blood cells are biconcave disks that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide via hemoglobin. They require iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid for synthesis and maturation.
2. White blood cells include granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, and agranulocytes like lymphocytes and monocytes. They protect the body from pathogens and destroy abnormal cells.
3. Blood typing involves the presence or absence of antigens A, B, and Rh factor. Type O blood is the universal donor while type AB is the universal recipient. Sensitization can occur in Rh-negative mothers carrying Rh-positive fetuses.
Red blood cells are disc-shaped and contain hemoglobin which transports oxygen throughout the body. Anaemia occurs when there are not enough red blood cells or low hemoglobin levels, reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen and causing paleness and fatigue. White blood cells help fight infection by destroying microorganisms and foreign substances. Platelets form clots to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds. The document provides information on red blood cells, anaemia, white blood cells, and platelets including their functions and normal counts per 1,000ml of blood.
Erythropoietin (EPO) secreted by kidney
Inhibitor: High concentration of O2 in kidney
Life span of RBC: 120 days
RBC metabolism: anaerobic glycolysis [reason for
Heinz body and G6PD deficiency anemia]
RBC destruction: spleen and macrophage in liver,
bone marrow [reason for spherocytosis and
elliptocytosis]
RBC regeneration: bone marrow
RBC reserve: about 25% of total RBC
RBC production: 2.4×1011/day
1) The document discusses blood physiology, describing the components and functions of blood including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
2) Plasma contains water, proteins, blood sugar, lipids, inorganic salts, hormones, enzymes, and gases which help maintain homeostasis, transport nutrients, remove waste, and fight infections.
3) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. White blood cells help fight infections and disease. Platelets help the blood clot and repair damaged tissues.
Blood functions to transport oxygen, nutrients, waste, hormones, and more throughout the body. It is composed of plasma and formed elements including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. Erythrocytes carry oxygen to tissues via hemoglobin and have a normal lifespan of 100-120 days before being recycled. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a common test measuring the rate at which red blood cells sediment in one hour, indicating inflammation.
This document provides an overview of hematology, including the components of blood, routine hematology tests, automated counting principles, sources of error, red blood cell morphology and classifications of anemias, white blood cell evaluation and classifications, hematological disorders, and examination of body fluids. Key topics covered include normal ranges for blood components, principles of complete blood count and differentials, red blood cell maturation series, identifying abnormal red blood cells, and distinguishing features of transudates versus exudates in body fluids.
This document contains images and descriptions of normal and abnormal blood and bone marrow findings. It discusses various blood cell morphological abnormalities seen in different hematological conditions. The images show features of anemias, leukemias, myeloproliferative disorders and other blood disorders. Descriptions provide diagnostic information about cell appearance and implications for underlying diseases.
Hematology is the study of blood and blood forming organs. It involves the formation and development of blood cells through hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis begins in the yolk sac and later the liver, spleen, and bone marrow take over production of blood cells. The bone marrow contains stem cells that can differentiate into various blood cell types through committed progenitor cells. It maintains homeostasis by replacing blood cells that have a limited lifespan.
This document summarizes key topics in hematology, including cellular components of blood, components of blood such as red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, diseases that affect these components, blood typing, transfusion, and coagulation disorders. Some of the major areas covered are red blood cell production and diseases like sickle cell disease and polycythemia, white blood cell disorders including leukemia and lymphoma, platelet disorders, and bleeding disorders like hemophilia. Treatment approaches focus on following general guidelines, supportive care, and preventing further injury or infection.
The document discusses various components of a basic blood test. It provides details on the normal composition and functions of blood, as well as procedures for blood specimen collection. It also explains the clinical implications and reference ranges for various components analyzed in a complete blood count test, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and sedimentation rate.
This document discusses pathology of blood and urine. It begins by defining pathology and describing the components of blood, including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It then discusses various blood disorders like anemias and leukemias. The document also covers the functions of white blood cells and disorders affecting white blood cell count. Finally, it discusses the composition of normal urine and pathological constituents indicating various diseases, such as glucose indicating diabetes and bile salts/pigments indicating liver dysfunction.
This document provides an overview of hematology, including the anatomy and functions of blood components. It discusses the three main cellular elements - erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets - and how they are suspended in plasma. Key points covered include the structures and roles of erythrocytes in oxygen transport, leukocytes in immunity, and platelets in hemostasis. It also outlines the components and clinical significance of a complete blood count test.
This document provides an introduction to hematology and performing a complete blood count. It defines hematology as the study of blood and its components. The objectives include being able to define hematology, list the components and functions of blood, describe blood values, and perform tests to determine packed cell volume and plasma protein values. The document describes the cellular components of blood, functions of blood, normal blood values, organs of the circulatory system, and procedures for a complete blood count including packed cell volume and plasma protein determination.
2008 my lecture introduction to hematologyBruno Mmassy
Manage all clotting disorders by providing supportive care, controlling bleeding if present, and transporting promptly for definitive care. Monitor closely for signs of worsening condition.
This document provides an overview of hematopoiesis, the process by which blood cells are produced. It begins with a discussion of hematopoietic stem cells and their ability to differentiate into various blood cell types. The stages of red blood cell development from pronormoblast to reticulocyte to mature erythrocyte are described. Granulocyte development from myeloblast to mature neutrophil takes 5-12 days. Various hematopoietic growth factors that regulate blood cell production are also listed, including erythropoietin, GM-CSF, G-CSF, M-CSF, and others.
This document discusses blood formation and types of anemia. It explains that blood is composed of red cells, white cells, platelets, and plasma. Blood formation begins in the yolk sac in the 2nd week and later occurs chiefly in the liver and spleen, then the bone marrow. The bone marrow contains stem cells that can differentiate into mature blood cells. Various growth factors are involved in blood formation. The document also classifies and describes different types of anemia, including iron deficiency anemia, and lists causes and treatment for anemia.
This document provides an introduction to hematology, including:
- A review of hematopoiesis, the process by which blood cells are formed.
- Descriptions of the main components of blood - plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets - and their functions.
- An overview of the development and characteristics of the main types of blood cells - erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes.
- Mention of some common laboratory tests used in hematology like complete blood count.
The summary provides an overview of the key components of the hematologic system including:
- Bone marrow is the primary site of blood cell production and contains red and yellow marrow.
- The three main cellular components of blood are erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes which are involved in oxygen transport, immune function, and hemostasis respectively.
- Important blood groups are ABO and Rh which determine transfusion compatibility.
- Common lab tests include complete blood count, coagulation studies, and blood typing to evaluate the hematologic system.
Hematology is the study of blood and blood-forming organs. Key topics covered include hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells; normal blood volume and components; red blood cell production and function; white blood cell types and roles; platelet function; and common blood disorders such as anemias, leukemias, and bleeding/clotting disorders. Diseases are discussed in relation to abnormal cell counts or functions that can cause symptoms like fatigue, bleeding, or infection.
physiology of Blood for nursery students dina merzeban
1. Red blood cells are biconcave disks that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide via hemoglobin. They require iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid for synthesis and maturation.
2. White blood cells include granulocytes like neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, and agranulocytes like lymphocytes and monocytes. They protect the body from pathogens and destroy abnormal cells.
3. Blood typing involves the presence or absence of antigens A, B, and Rh factor. Type O blood is the universal donor while type AB is the universal recipient. Sensitization can occur in Rh-negative mothers carrying Rh-positive fetuses.
Red blood cells are disc-shaped and contain hemoglobin which transports oxygen throughout the body. Anaemia occurs when there are not enough red blood cells or low hemoglobin levels, reducing the blood's ability to carry oxygen and causing paleness and fatigue. White blood cells help fight infection by destroying microorganisms and foreign substances. Platelets form clots to stop bleeding from cuts and wounds. The document provides information on red blood cells, anaemia, white blood cells, and platelets including their functions and normal counts per 1,000ml of blood.
Erythropoietin (EPO) secreted by kidney
Inhibitor: High concentration of O2 in kidney
Life span of RBC: 120 days
RBC metabolism: anaerobic glycolysis [reason for
Heinz body and G6PD deficiency anemia]
RBC destruction: spleen and macrophage in liver,
bone marrow [reason for spherocytosis and
elliptocytosis]
RBC regeneration: bone marrow
RBC reserve: about 25% of total RBC
RBC production: 2.4×1011/day
1) The document discusses blood physiology, describing the components and functions of blood including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
2) Plasma contains water, proteins, blood sugar, lipids, inorganic salts, hormones, enzymes, and gases which help maintain homeostasis, transport nutrients, remove waste, and fight infections.
3) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. White blood cells help fight infections and disease. Platelets help the blood clot and repair damaged tissues.
Blood functions to transport oxygen, nutrients, waste, hormones, and more throughout the body. It is composed of plasma and formed elements including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. Erythrocytes carry oxygen to tissues via hemoglobin and have a normal lifespan of 100-120 days before being recycled. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is a common test measuring the rate at which red blood cells sediment in one hour, indicating inflammation.
Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body and are produced through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow. White blood cells help fight infection and come in several types including neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Platelets help with blood clotting and are produced from megakaryocytes. Plasma contains water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, and gases to transport materials and help regulate pH. The different blood types are determined by antigens on red blood cells.
The document provides an overview of haematology and the components of blood. It discusses the three main types of blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It describes their functions and characteristics in detail. Key points covered include haematopoiesis, the formation of blood cells in the bone marrow, and the roles of different white blood cell types in immunity.
Blood acts as a transport medium in the circulatory system. It consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and returns carbon dioxide to the lungs. White blood cells protect the body by fighting pathogens. Platelets help the blood to clot when bleeding occurs.
The document discusses the functions and components of blood. It describes the process of blood clotting, which involves platelets, coagulation factors and fibrin to form a clot. It also summarizes hematopoiesis, the process where stem cells in the bone marrow develop into the various formed elements of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Furthermore, it covers the different blood types defined by the ABO and Rh blood group systems and their implications for blood transfusions.
Chapter 8 Lesson 1 - The Components of Bloodj3di79
The document summarizes the mammalian circulatory system and its key components. It discusses the composition and functions of blood, including the different types of blood cells and their roles in oxygen transport, immunity, and clotting. It also covers blood groups, tissue rejection, and the principles that make group O blood the universal donor and group AB blood the universal recipient for blood transfusions.
Blood contains plasma and cellular components. Plasma is 55% water and contains nutrients, waste, hormones, and proteins. Cells include red blood cells carrying oxygen, various white blood cells that fight infection, and platelets that promote clotting. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues. White blood cells include granulocytes and agranulocytes that destroy pathogens. Platelets form plugs to stop bleeding through clotting factors and fibrin formation. Together these components transport substances, regulate pH and temperature, and protect the body.
The document summarizes blood types and the ABO blood classification system. Red blood cells have antigens called agglutinogens of type A or B. The presence or absence of these antigens determines the four main blood types: A, B, AB, and O. Another factor is the Rh protein - blood can be either Rh positive or Rh negative. The genes that produce these antigens are inherited from parents and determine a person's blood type. Careful matching of donor and recipient blood types is important for safe blood transfusions.
This document summarizes key aspects of blood physiology, including its composition and the roles of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It describes how blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and discusses the formation, regulation, and functions of red blood cells in detail. White blood cells and their involvement in inflammation and the immune response are also outlined.
Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. The production of red blood cells, or erythropoiesis, occurs in the bone marrow and is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates the bone marrow when oxygen levels decrease. Red blood cells survive for about 120 days before being destroyed and their components recycled.
The human body contains approximately 5 liters of blood composed of plasma and cellular elements. Plasma is 55% of blood and contains water, proteins, electrolytes, and other substances. Cellular elements include red blood cells containing hemoglobin, white blood cells for immunity, and platelets for clotting. Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, and more throughout the body.
The document summarizes key components of the hematologic system. It describes that the hematologic system includes blood and bone marrow. Blood consists of plasma and three main cell types: erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes. Erythrocytes carry oxygen, leukocytes fight infection, and thrombocytes aid clotting. Bone marrow is the primary site of blood cell formation through hematopoiesis. Various factors influence blood cell production and recycling of iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid.
Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It functions to transport oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. When blood vessels are damaged, hemostasis occurs through platelet plug formation, vascular constriction, and coagulation to stop blood loss. Blood typing involves determining the presence of antigens on red blood cells to ensure safe transfusions.
Blood is the only fluid tissue in the human body. It is composed of plasma and formed elements, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen through hemoglobin and lack a nucleus. White blood cells help defend the body against disease. Platelets are involved in clotting to stop blood loss from damaged blood vessels. The bone marrow produces blood cells through hematopoiesis. Clotting factors in the blood allow hemostasis to stop bleeding from broken blood vessels. Certain disorders can cause undesirable clotting or bleeding.
This PowerPoint Review Game is one very small part of a larger science unit from www.sciencepowerpoint.com. This unit comes with a bundled homework package, detailed lesson notes, worksheets, review games, and much more. The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit uses a 13 Part 8,500 slide interactive PowerPoint full of critical class notes, review opportunities, video and academic links, and much more to deliver an entire unit of study. Learn more at www.sciencepowerpoint.com
Students learn about blood cells, take notes, answer questions, make blood soup with kitchen staples, and learn about blood types
Blood Cells and Blood Type Lesson PowerPoint, Anatomy Lesson, Circulatory System
The hematopoietic system, also known as the blood-forming system, is a complex network of organs, tissues, and cells responsible for the production and circulation of blood cells throughout the body. The primary function of the hematopoietic system is to maintain a constant supply of healthy blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
Blood is a body fluid that delivers nutrients and oxygen to cells and transports waste. It is composed of formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) suspended in plasma. Red blood cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and platelets help form blood clots to stop bleeding. Blood functions include transport, protection, regulation, and maintenance of homeostasis. Imbalances can cause diseases like anemia, polycythemia, leukemia, and hemophilia. Blood typing involves the ABO and Rh systems which determine compatibility for transfusions.
Hematology is the study of blood and blood components. The document discusses the components of blood including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. It describes their functions such as oxygen transport, immune response, and blood clotting. Various blood disorders are also summarized like anemia, which can result from blood loss, decreased production, or increased destruction. The stages of blood cell production and normal ranges for blood counts are also outlined.
Describe the functions and structures of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
List the features that make red blood cells efficient in the transport of oxygen
List components of the blood plasma
Describe the clotting process
This document summarizes key aspects of blood composition and function. It discusses the components of blood including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It describes blood types based on antigens and antibodies. It also outlines the clotting process and issues surrounding blood transfusions and matching blood types to avoid transfusion reactions. The "universal donor" blood type is identified as O negative due to its lack of antigens that could stimulate an immune response.
This document discusses hematopoiesis, the formation of blood cells. It begins by describing the components of blood, including formed elements like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It then explains the stages of blood cell development, or hematopoiesis, including erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, granulopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis. The document discusses where hematopoiesis occurs, including the primary organs of bone marrow and thymus and secondary organs like the spleen. It also covers hematopoiesis during prenatal development and in adulthood. In summary, the document provides an overview of the components of blood and the process by which blood cells are formed
This document provides an overview of blood and hematology. It defines blood and its components, which include plasma and formed elements such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The document discusses the functions of blood, hematopoiesis (blood cell formation), and various blood disorders like anemia and sickle cell anemia. It also covers blood groups, hemostasis (stopping bleeding), and the immune responses provided by white blood cells. The learning objectives focus on understanding the different blood components, their structure and functions, as well as mechanisms of hemostasis, immunity, and various blood disorders.
Blood is a connective tissue composed of plasma and cellular elements. Plasma is 55% of blood and contains water, proteins, nutrients, gases, and waste products. The cellular elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide, are biconcave and non-nucleated, and have a lifespan of 120 days. White blood cells help fight infection in different ways depending on their type, and platelets help the blood clot. The study of blood is called hematology, and the processes of blood cell production are hematopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
This document summarizes key aspects of human anatomy and physiology related to hematology. It discusses the composition and functions of blood, the formation of blood cells through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow, and the roles of the three main types of blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It also describes the blood clotting process and fibrinolysis that helps control bleeding and maintain blood flow.
This document discusses diseases of the haemopoietic system. It begins by describing blood cells and bone marrow haemopoiesis. The main types of diseases are then outlined as anaemias, haematological malignancies, and bleeding disorders. Iron deficiency anaemia is discussed in detail as the most common type of anaemia. It is caused by blood loss, increased demands, malabsorption or dietary deficiencies. Clinical features include pallor, spoon-shaped nails, and cognitive effects in children. Laboratory tests can identify microcytic hypochromic blood cells characteristic of iron deficiency.
Blood performs several important functions in the body including transporting oxygen, nutrients, hormones and metabolic waste. It also helps regulate pH, temperature and osmotic pressure. Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements such as red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen. White blood cells help fight infection. Platelets help with clotting to prevent blood loss from injuries. Blood disorders can occur if there are issues with red or white blood cell counts, clotting abilities or hemoglobin function.
RBC & WBC abnormalities and their interpretationwaseem rather
This document provides information on abnormalities of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs) and their interpretation. It discusses various RBC abnormalities including variations in size, shape, hemoglobin content, and inclusion bodies. Common abnormalities include microcytosis, macrocytosis, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, hypochromasia, and polychromasia. It also outlines classifications of anemia and covers WBC abnormalities including quantitative changes like leukocytosis and leukopenia. Common causes and findings for different cell abnormalities are presented.
- The document discusses red blood cells (erythrocytes), their role in oxygen transport, and the process of erythropoiesis where they are produced in the bone marrow.
- Erythropoiesis is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates stem cells to mature into red blood cells. Key micronutrients involved in this process are iron, vitamin B12, and folate. Deficiencies in these "haematinics" can lead to megaloblastic or microcytic anemia.
- Iron deficiency is particularly common and results in microcytic hypochromic red blood cells. The normal iron cycle is described which involves iron absorption in
Blood is a transport fluid that carries nutrients, waste products, gases, and blood cells throughout the body. It is composed of plasma and formed elements. Plasma is 90% water and contains proteins, salts, and other dissolved substances. Formed elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. Blood volume varies based on factors like age, sex, and body composition. Blood types are determined by antigens on red blood cells and the presence of corresponding antibodies.
Hematology is the study of blood, blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. It includes treatment of blood disorders and cancers. Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen throughout the body. White blood cells are part of the immune system and help fight infection. Platelets help with blood clotting. Blood is produced through hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and regulated by various factors.
Pp introduction to haematology (MBS240).pptJames377915
This document provides an introduction to haematology, the study of blood and blood diseases. It defines key terms and describes the components and functions of blood, including plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and haemoglobin. Methods for obtaining blood samples from patients are outlined. Examples of common haematological examinations are provided, such as full blood count, blood grouping, and bone marrow examination.
This document discusses diseases of the haemopoietic system. It begins by providing background on blood cells and bone marrow formation. The major types of diseases are then outlined, including anaemias, haematological malignancies, and bleeding disorders. Iron deficiency anaemia is discussed in depth, including causes, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment. Megaloblastic anaemias due to vitamin B12 or folate deficiency are also briefly mentioned.
Haematopathology consists of dysplastic or neoplastic changes to normal blood and bone marrow cells. There are nearly 100 types of hematopoietic disorders categorized into anaemias, myeloid neoplasms, lymphoid neoplasms, and histiocytic/dendritic neoplasms. Advanced digital imaging technologies are used to diagnose these diseases by examining blood smears, bone marrow aspirates, and lymph node biopsies. The three major types of anaemia are those due to blood loss, poor red blood cell production, and red blood cell destruction.
Blood functions include transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, and hormones. It also helps regulate pH, temperature, and water content of cells. Blood protects the body from blood loss via clotting and from foreign microbes via white blood cells. The components of blood include formed elements like red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Plasma is the fluid portion that contains water, proteins, nutrients, gases, electrolytes, waste, enzymes, and hormones. Hematopoiesis is the process where blood cells are formed from stem cells in the bone marrow. Erythropoiesis involves the formation of red blood cells from stem cells in the bone marrow under the influence of the hormone ery
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1. HAEMATOLOGY
Blood is a complex liquid that performs a number of functions
including:
Transporting
• oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body
• carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs
• nutrients from the digestive organs to the cells
• waste products from the cells to the kidneys, lungs and sweat glands
• hormones from endocrine glands to the cells
• enzymes to various cells
Protecting
• against fluid loss through the clotting mechanism
• against infection (assisted by the lymph nodes and spleen)
Playing
• a role in the regulation of body temperature
Microscopically, blood is composed of two portions: plasma, a straw coloured liquid that is
left when the elements are removed from blood, and the formed elements, the cells and
cell-like bodies that are suspended in the plasma.
Types of Cells
• Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBC) are biconcave
discs and contain haemoglobin a red pigment
containing iron. Erythrocytes combine with oxygen and
carbon dioxide and transport them in the blood
• Leucocytes (white blood cells) Leucocytes or white blood cells (WBC) function to
• Neutrophils combat inflammation and infection. Some leucocytes
• Eosinophils are phagocytotic (eg neutrophils) meaning they can
• Basophils ingest bacteria and dispose of dead matter.
• Lymphocytes
• Monocytes
• Thrombocytes (platelets) Thrombocytes or platelets are disc-shaped cells. They
prevent fluid loss by blood clotting.
Clotting
Blood maintains its liquid state as long as it remains in the vessels. If it is taken from the
body it thickens and forms a gel. The gel is called a clot. The process of clotting is called
coagulation. Its purpose is to prevent blood loss when a blood vessel is ruptured. If blood
clots too easily, the result can be thrombosis - clotting in an unbroken blood vessel. If the
blood takes too long to clot a haemorrhage can result. Chemical substances that prevent
clotting are called anticoagulants. Heparin is a quick acting anticoagulant that blocks the
clotting mechanism and prevents clotting.
Haematology Page 1 of 6
2. Origin
The process by which blood cells are formed is called haemopoieses. In the adult the
origin of blood cells are:
• Red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) produces red blood cells, granular leucocytes and
platelets.
• Lymphoid tissue - spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes - share responsibility with the myeloid
tissue for producing some leucocytes.
Root Combining form Meaning
Haem Haem/o, haemato, -aemia, -haemia Blood
Erythr Erythr/o Red blood cells
Reticul Reticul/o Young erythrocyte lacking a nucleus
Leuc Leuc/o, leuk/o White blood cells
Myel Myel/o Bone marrow
Activity 1
Build words which mean;
1. The study of blood ___________________________________________________
2. Condition of blood in the urine____________________________________________
3. Condition of deficiency of white blood cells__________________________________
4. Poisonous to white blood cells____________________________________________
5. Tumour of myeloid tissue________________________________________________
Activity 2 Write the meaning of;
1. haematoma ________________________________________________________
2. haemopoiesis ________________________________________________________
3. anaemia ________________________________________________________
4. haemorrhage ________________________________________________________
5. septicaemia ________________________________________________________
6. haemoglobin ________________________________________________________
7. leukaemia ________________________________________________________
8. thrombocytopenia______________________________________________________
9. thrombocytopathy______________________________________________________
10. plasmapharesis________________________________________________________
Blood Grouping
Haematology Page 2 of 6
3. The surface of erythrocytes contain different types of proteins called agglutinations. These
proteins are responsible for the two major blood group classifications: the ABO group and
the Rh group.
ABO grouping is based on 2 agglutinates symbolised as A and B. Individuals whose
erythrocytes manufacture only agglutinate A are said to have blood type A. hose who
manufacture only agglutinate B are blood type B. Individuals who manufacture both A and
B are blood type AB. Others, who manufacture neither, are called type O.
• Type A = 41% of the population
• Type B = 10% of the population
• Type AB = 4% of the population
• Type O = 45% of the population
• Type A blood can be given to Type A or AB
• Type B blood can be given to Type B or AB
• Type AB blood can be given to Type AB only
• Type O blood can be given to O, AB, A and B
• AB is the universal receiver and type O is the universal donor.
Rh grouping When blood is transfused the technician must make sure the donor and the
recipient match safely - not only for ABO but also for Rh. The Rh system is so named
because it was first worked out in the blood of the rhesus monkey. Like the ABO grouping,
the Rh system is based on agglutinates that lie on the surface of erythrocytes. Individuals
whose erythrocytes have the Rh agglutinates are designated Rh+ (positive). People who
lack Rh agglutinates are designated Rh- (negative)
Terms & word parts:
-aemia/aem (-emia [Am] ) condition of blood (blood)
-blast immature germ cell
blast/o early/growth/germ
cyt, cyt/o cell
erythr/o red
ferr/o iron
fer/o to carry/bear
haem/o, (hem/o [Am]) blood
hist/o tissue
leuc/o, (leuk/o [Am]) white
megal/o large
myel/o bone marrow
-osis abnormal disease, condition, or increase
paenia-, (penia-[Am]) decrease, deficiency
phage, (phagia) to eat (condition of eating)
-plasm formative substance
Haematology Page 3 of 6
4. poikil/o varied, irregular
-poiesis formation
-poly morph many forms or shapes
ser/o serum
sider/o iron
One of the main groups of blood disorders are those arising from abnormalities in the
number or type of blood cells, i.e. leukaemia - an abnormal increase in white cells.
Some exceptions are haemophilia - defect in the clotting mechanism, and purpura -
defect in the capillary walls.
Disorders & Terms:
Abnormality in oxygen carrying pigment haemoglobin in blood. Is
a sign not a diagnosis. It means there are insufficient
Anaemia erythrocytes or haemoglobin. These conditions lead to fatigue or
intolerance to cold, both of which are related to lack of oxygen
needed for energy and heat production.
Haemophilia Congenital disease, lack of clotting factors (Factor 8) in blood
Haemorrhage Bleeding, either internally or externally.
Hodgkin's disease Malignant disease of lymph nodes
Hypersplenism Enlarged spleen
Leucocytosis Increase in leucocytes in blood and bone marrow
Increase in abnormal white blood cells. Cancer of the blood.
Leukaemia is an uncontrolled, greatly accelerated production of
Leukaemia
white blood cells. These crowd out the normal production of red
blood cells and platelets.
Malignant lymphoma Tumour of the lymph nodes
Multiple myeloma Malignant disease of bone marrow
Pernicious anaemia Reduction of red blood cells in bone marrow
Is an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells. It can
lead to thrombosis and haemorrhage. The clinical test important
Polycythaemia
in diagnosing polycythaemia is haematocrit. Haematocrit is the
percentage of blood that is made up of red blood cells.
Septicaemia Blood poisoning. Toxins or disease causing bacteria in the blood.
Splenomegaly Enlarged spleen
Splenorrhexis Rupture of spleen
Hereditary blood disease, abnormality in the production of
Thalassaemia
haemoglobin
Procedures:
autologous transfusion transfusion from self
Haematology Page 4 of 6
5. biopsy of lymph node removal of a small part of lymph node for examination
bone marrow transplant implantation of bone marrow from person to person
splenectomy removal of spleen
Abbreviations
ALL Acute lymphocytic leukaemia
AML Acute myeloid leukaemia
ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
FBC Full blood count
Hb Haemoglobin
Hct Haematocrit
LFT liver function tests
MBA multiple biochemistry analysis
Na sodium
RBC Red blood cell / count
TFT thyroid function tests
WBC White blood cell / count
Haematology terms:
Erythrocyte Red blood cell (rbc)
Haemodialysis Removal of waste out of blood ("washing")
Haemoglobin The oxygen-carrying pigment found in red blood cells
Haemopoiesis The process of production of blood cells
Leucocyte White blood cell (wbc)
Myelopoiesis The process of production of bone marrow
Plasma The fluid component of blood
Platelet Disc-shaped cell structure present in blood (thrombocyte)
Serum Fluid that separates from clotted blood (lacks coagulation factors)
Thrombocyte Platelet
Other Terms:
Dyscrasia An abnormal state of the body or part of body
Leucocytosis Increase of white blood cells (leucocytes)
Haematology Page 5 of 6
6. Leucopaenia Decrease of white blood cells (leucocytes)
Lymphocytopaenia Decrease of lymphocytes in blood
Lymphocytosis Increase of lymphocytes in
Macrocytosis Abnormally large red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Microcytosis Abnormally small red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Poikilocytosis Abnormally shaped erythrocytes
Proliferation Increase in numbers
Pyrexia Fever
Thrombocytopaenia Reduction of platelets in blood
Haematology Page 6 of 6