prejudice and discrimination in social settings.

1. Prejudice
MISS PALWASHA KHAN

2. Clarifying terms: Prejudice,
stereotyping, discrimination,

3. Prejudice
• A hostile or negative attitude toward people of a
certain group, based solely on their membership
in that group.
• (Some prejudice definitions include positive
judgments, but nearly all uses of “prejudice” refer
to negative ones— what Gordon Allport termed
in his classic book, The Nature of Prejudice, “an
antipathy based upon a faulty and inflexible
generalization” [1954].)

4. The ABCs of Prejudice – primarily an attitude
Affect
• Disliking those
different from self
Behaviour
• Discriminatory
Cognition
• Stereotypying
• Believing them to be
ignorant / dangerous
etc

5. Close your eyes for a moment and imagine the
looks and characteristics of the following people:
• A compassionate Nurse
• A competent therapist
• An excellent Programmer
• A caring parent.
• CEO with exceptional leadership

6. Stereotype
• A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people.
Stereotypes are sometimes overgeneralized, inaccurate, and
resistant to new information (and sometimes accurate).
• The stereotypic quality might be physical, mental, or
occupational.

7. Are there any positive stereotypes?
Could you name some ?
If you like a group, your stereotype will be positive, but if you
dislike the group, your stereotype of the same behavior will be
negative.

8. How Do stereotypes developed
• process information consistent with stereotype quicker
• focus on information consistent with stereotype
• use tacit inferences to make inconsistent information appear consistent
Illusory Correlation:
• The tendency to see relationships, or correlations, between
events that are actually unrelated

9. Defining Prejudice – for and
against…
Religion
Obesity
Sexual orientation
Age
Immigrants

10. The facts: Religion
• Muslims not hired / paid well by managers (Park et al, 2009)
• Westerners seen as greedy and immoral (Wike & Grim, 2007)
• 9/11 and controversy theories

11. • Possibly provoked by the debate over building a mosque near
Ground Zero in NewYork City, a college student stabbed a
cabdriver who said he was Muslim, and a man was arrested for
entering a mosque and urinating on prayer rugs, all the while
shouting anti-Muslim slurs.
• In Florida, a minister of a fringe Christian church urged the
burning of Korans.
• InTennessee, two Muslim imams were kicked off a plane
when the pilot refused to fly with them.They were going to a
conference on anti-Muslim prejudice

12. The facts: Obesity
• Overweight people marry less often,
gain entry to less-desirable jobs, and
make less money (Swami & others,
2008).
• Weight discrimination, exceeds racial or
gender discrimination and occurs at
every employment stage—hiring,
placement, promotion, compensation,
discipline, and discharge
(Roehling,2000)
• More often bullied, and as adults, they
are more often depressed

13. The facts: Sexual Orientation
• The U.S. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health
revealed that gay and lesbian teens are much more likely to be
harshly punished by schools and courts than are their straight
peers, despite being less likely to engage in serious
wrongdoing (Himmelstein & Brückner, 2011)

14. The facts: Age
• People’s perceptions of the elderly—as generally kind
but frail, incompetent, unproductive—predispose
patronizing behavior, such as baby-talk speech that
leads elderly people to feel less competent and act less
capably (Bugental & Hehman, 2007).

15. The facts: Immigrants
• Germans towardTurks,
• the French toward North Africans,
• the British towardWest Indians and Pakistanis, and
• Americans toward Latin American immigrants
(Pettigrew,2006)
• Pakistanis?

16. • Clothes designer John Galliano was fired by the Christian Dior
fashion house after allegedly harassing a couple—a Jewish woman
and an Asian man—and using anti-Semitic and racist slurs.
Eyewitnesses reported that Galliano said, “Dirty Jewish face, you
should be dead” to the woman, and then shouted at her
companion, “F***ing Asian bastard, I will kill you.” An earlier video
posted onYouTube shows Galliano yelling at a different couple,
saying “I love Hitler. . . . People like you would be dead.Your
mothers, your forefathers, would all be f***ing gassed.” (Galliano,
who is gay, apparently did not realize that he himself would have
been gassed by the Nazis on that count.)

17. Discrimination
• Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members.
• Prejudice is a negative attitude; discrimination is negative
behavior. Discriminatory behavior often has its source in
prejudicial attitudes
• E.g. Researchers analyzed the responses to 1,115
identically worded emails sent to Los Angeles
area landlords regarding vacant apartments.
Encouraging replies came back to 89 percent of
notes signed “Patrick McDougall,” to 66 percent
from “Said Al-Rahman…”

18. Racism and Sexism
• Racism (1) An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and
discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race, or
• (2) institutional practices (even if not motivated by
prejudice) that subordinate people of a given race.
• Sexism (1) An individual’s prejudicial attitudes and
discriminatory behavior toward people of a given sex, or
• (2) institutional practices (even if not motivated by
prejudice) that subordinate people of a given sex.