社區獨立自主生活的衍進
1989 獨立生活歐洲會議
(EuropeanParlianment Independent Living Resolution)
著重support service, community living, social inclusion
1982 美國獨立生活全國會議national council on independent living
1970 發展獨立運動
1960 社區照顧式服務 community care
1950(大型集中式) institution care
很多研究指出:
社區居住的成效優於機構式服務
資料來源:Cost-effectiveness ofcommunity living for people with
intellectual
disabilities: an international perspective(Jim Mansell and Julie Beadle-Brown
• Tizard Centre, University of Kent,2009) Paper given at the National Disability
Authority Annual Conference, Dublin 6 October 2009
服務人員如何提供服務
才是成效的關鍵
(Felce, 1996, 1998; Felce, de Kock and Repp, 1986; Felce et al., 1991; Mansell, 1994, 1995), in
experimental studies within houses (Bradshaw et al., 2004; Jones et al., 2001; Jones et al.,
1999; Mansell et al., 2002) and in regression studies (Felce et al., 2000; Hatton et al., 1996;
Mansell et al., 2003).
61.
成效指標
當外在的 物質的 形式的
由社區代替機構
之後重要的成效指標就是…
1.服務使用者所需之支持(如挑戰行為)
2.服務人員服務的落實(支持的技巧)
(Brown, Toogood and Brown, 1987; Felce, Jones and
Lowe, 2000; Mansell et al., 2005; Mansell et al., 1987)