Meta-cognitive strategies involve planning, monitoring, and evaluating one's learning. Cognitive strategies teach thinking skills like note-taking that improve learning. Social strategies have students work together to clarify meanings and complete tasks. Affective strategies help students focus emotionally on listening rather than what they missed. The document outlines 10 listening strategies including elaboration, summarization, self-evaluation, self-monitoring, note-taking, and using pre-listening strategies like predictions.

1. 10 Listening Strategies
1. Meta-cognitive Strategy
Strategy training enables learners of English to improve their listening comprehension. In class meta cognitive
strategy training proves to be an effective way. By meta cognitive strategy we mean a general management of
procedures for effective learning of a foreign language such as planning, monitoring and evaluating. This paper
reports a one term in class metacognitive strategy training to first year English majors. It proves that strategy
training helps improve students' listening comprehension.
Example : planning how to learn, evaluating what you know, understanding mistakes, evaluating success and/or
failure, etc.
2. Cognitive Strategies
Cognitive Strategy Instruction (CSI) is an instructional approach which emphasizes the development of thinking
skills and processes as a means to enhance learning. The objective of CSI is to enable all students to become more
strategic, self-reliant, flexible, and productive in their learning endeavors (Scheid, 1993). CSI is based on the
assumption that there are identifiable cognitive strategies, previously believed to be utilized by only the best and
the brightest students, which can be taught to most students (Halpern, 1996). Use of these strategies have been
associated with successful learning (Borkowski, Carr, & Pressley, 1987; Garner, 1990).
Example : note taking, summarizing, connecting new info to old (elaboration), translating to first language, find
main ideas, repeating words etc.
3. Social Strategies
Working with other’s to help you learn better.
Example : Ask someone to clarify what was meant. Work cooperatively with others to do a language task. Work in
a study group. Share answers and questions with others, etc.
4. Affective (Emotional/Psychological) Strategies
Making emotional and psychological changes that will help you learn better.
Example : Focus on what you are hearing, not what you missed. Reward yourself for good work. Avoid negative
students. Tolerate/accept that fact that many things are unclear or can’t be understood, etc.
5. Elaboration
Activating, or connecting new material to prior knowledge in order to understand or to fill in missing information
or linking a word to relevant information at the time of learning
Example : Here is an example to explain this further: Let's just say you are reading the dictionary and you come
across the word "ponderous"(adj). You read the definition and it says "Having great mass and weight and

2. unwieldiness". You may have learned a new word, but you are not very likely to remember it, because you have
only engaged in a small amount of elaboration.
6. Summarization
Making a mental or oral summary of the information presented in a listening task up to that point and/or at the
end.
7. Self-evaluation
Checking your concentration or focus and assessing one's strategy use.
8. Self-monitoring
Checking, verifying, or correcting one's listening comprehension while performing a task to see if you’re right.
9. Note Taking
Note taking involves recording ideas and facts that you learn in class to help you remember and use them later.
10. Pre-listening Strategies
Predicting the themes and vocabulary of a lecture before you listen can help to improve your comprehension of
difficult listening segments.