The document describes changes in the mandible at different ages. At birth, the mandible consists of two segments that fuse by age one. It is small and contains deciduous tooth germs. At childhood around age 6, the mandible increases in length and size through bone deposition. The ramus decreases to 140 degrees. In adults, the mandible fully forms with permanent teeth. The ramus has the condyle higher than the coronoid process. In old age, the mandible and ramus decrease in height due to tooth loss, with the ramus angled more backward.

1. 10-Mandible at different ages10-Mandible at different ages
By Malak SolimanBy Malak Soliman

2. • At birth :At birth :
The body of the mandibleThe body of the mandible::
1-It is consisted of two segments1-It is consisted of two segments
by fibrous tissues which isby fibrous tissues which is
replaced by bone at the end ofreplaced by bone at the end of
the first year.the first year.
2-It is too small contain the2-It is too small contain the
deciduous tooth germ.deciduous tooth germ.
3-The mandibular canal is at the3-The mandibular canal is at the
lower border of the mandible .lower border of the mandible .
4-The mental foramen opens4-The mental foramen opens
near the lower border of thenear the lower border of the
mandible near the crypt of Dmandible near the crypt of D
Mandible at different agesMandible at different ages

3. The ramus of the mandible at birthThe ramus of the mandible at birth
1-It is small and makes 170 degrees with the1-It is small and makes 170 degrees with the
body of the mandible .body of the mandible .
2-The condyle is small and is located in one2-The condyle is small and is located in one
line with upper border of the mandible .line with upper border of the mandible .
3-The coronoid process is large and at higher3-The coronoid process is large and at higher
level than the condyle .level than the condyle .
4- The segmoid notch between the coronoid4- The segmoid notch between the coronoid
and condyloid processes is very shallow .and condyloid processes is very shallow .

4. Mandible at childhood( 6 y )Mandible at childhood( 6 y )
• The body of the mandibleThe body of the mandible
1- The mandible increases1- The mandible increases
in size and length byin size and length by
bone deposition andbone deposition and
resorption at the ramus .resorption at the ramus .
2-The mandible increase in2-The mandible increase in
length.length.
3-The mandibular canal3-The mandibular canal
&the mental foramen are&the mental foramen are
located more away fromlocated more away from
the lower border.the lower border.

5. The ramus of the mandible at 6 yThe ramus of the mandible at 6 y
• 1-It increases in length by the growth1-It increases in length by the growth
center found in the condyle .center found in the condyle .
• 2- Mandible decreases to reach 1402- Mandible decreases to reach 140
degrees.degrees.
• 3- The condyle & coronoid processes3- The condyle & coronoid processes
increase in length make the segmoid notchincrease in length make the segmoid notch
becomes deeper.becomes deeper.
• 4-Still the condyle is in lower level than the4-Still the condyle is in lower level than the
coronoid .coronoid .

6. The mandible at adult ageThe mandible at adult age
• Body of theBody of the
mandible:mandible:
1-The mandible increase1-The mandible increase
in size due to bonein size due to bone
deposition and eruptiondeposition and eruption
of the permanent teeth .of the permanent teeth .
2-The mandibular canal2-The mandibular canal
and the mental foramenand the mental foramen
are located midway atare located midway at
the region of the 5 .the region of the 5 .
3-Appearance of the chin3-Appearance of the chin
protuberance .protuberance .

7. Ramus of the mandible in adultRamus of the mandible in adult
• 1-The ramus grows till the age of 2oy by1-The ramus grows till the age of 2oy by
the growth center .the growth center .
• 2-The condyle becomes at a higher level2-The condyle becomes at a higher level
than the coronoid process .than the coronoid process .
• 3-The segmoid notch becomes deeper .3-The segmoid notch becomes deeper .
• 4-The mandibular angle decrease to reach4-The mandibular angle decrease to reach
120 degrees .120 degrees .

8. Mandible at old ageMandible at old age
• The body of theThe body of the
mandiblemandible
1-There is decrease in the1-There is decrease in the
height of the mandible dueheight of the mandible due
to loss of the teeth andto loss of the teeth and
alveolar bone resorption.alveolar bone resorption.
2-The mandibular canal and2-The mandibular canal and
mental foramen becomemental foramen become
closer to the upper border.closer to the upper border.
3- Decrease of the chin3- Decrease of the chin
protuberance .protuberance .

9. The ramus of the mandible at old ageThe ramus of the mandible at old age
• By the loss of teeth and resorption of the alveolarBy the loss of teeth and resorption of the alveolar
bone , the old individual tries to bring the upperbone , the old individual tries to bring the upper
and lower jaws near to each other duringand lower jaws near to each other during
mastication which makes the ramus to bendmastication which makes the ramus to bend
backward by the action of the masticatory musclebackward by the action of the masticatory muscle
contraction and result in the following:contraction and result in the following:
1-The mandibular angle increase to reach 1401-The mandibular angle increase to reach 140
degrees.degrees.
2-The condyle bends backward to be in lower level2-The condyle bends backward to be in lower level
than the coronoid process .than the coronoid process .
3-The segmoid notch becomes shallower .3-The segmoid notch becomes shallower .

10. Summary of the mandible atSummary of the mandible at
different ages .different ages .
At birth
At childhood
At adult
At old age