C) interference with biotransformation enzyme activitesReason.pdf

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C) interference with biotransformation enzyme activites Reason: The size of the nanoparticle is always in nanoscale 10um to 100nm in which active drug molecules are coated on the neutral chanrged cyclodextrins such as hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, methylcellulose in the form of liposomoes. These liposomes can have higher affinity towards the cell membrane negative change and allow the drug molecules to reach the active target regions. These liposomes (acts as surfactant i.e. both hydrophilic & lipophillic properties) can release the drug in controlled level of sustained novel drug delivery systems. Liver biotransformation enzymes are mainly involved in detoxification of foreign materials which are incompatable to the host body therefore, when nanoparticles are going to interact with live CYP enzymes finally reduce toxicity of prodrug or liposome based -nanoparticle drug. Nanoparticles are going to induce toxicity by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) finally result in oxidative stress due to activation of signaling pathways to cause damage to DNA 1. Pharmaceutical nanoparticle drug delivery in breast cancer chemotherapies include the making the anticancer drug molecules into the “liposome coated” to make efficient drug delivery with efficient bioavailability associated with higher penetration rate into the breast cancer cells. 2. For example “making microRNAs to treat the breast cancer” into the liposome formulation as they can form micelle composed of polymers including methylcellulose, hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose. These polymers have the capability to incorporate the drug moieties into the cancer cells in naoscale. Solution C) interference with biotransformation enzyme activites Reason: The size of the nanoparticle is always in nanoscale 10um to 100nm in which active drug molecules are coated on the neutral chanrged cyclodextrins such as hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, methylcellulose in the form of liposomoes. These liposomes can have higher affinity towards the cell membrane negative change and allow the drug molecules to reach the active target regions. These liposomes (acts as surfactant i.e. both hydrophilic & lipophillic properties) can release the drug in controlled level of sustained novel drug delivery systems. Liver biotransformation enzymes are mainly involved in detoxification of foreign materials which are incompatable to the host body therefore, when nanoparticles are going to interact with live CYP enzymes finally reduce toxicity of prodrug or liposome based -nanoparticle drug. Nanoparticles are going to induce toxicity by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) finally result in oxidative stress due to activation of signaling pathways to cause damage to DNA 1. Pharmaceutical nanoparticle drug delivery in breast cancer chemotherapies include the making the anticancer drug molecules into the “liposome coated” to make efficient drug delivery with efficient bioavailability associated with higher penetration rate i.

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live CYP enzymes finally reduce toxicity of prodrug or liposome based -nanoparticle drug.
Nanoparticles are going to induce toxicity by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) finally
result in oxidative stress due to activation of signaling pathways to cause damage to DNA
1. Pharmaceutical nanoparticle drug delivery in breast cancer chemotherapies include the making
the anticancer drug molecules into the “liposome coated” to make efficient drug delivery with
efficient bioavailability associated with higher penetration rate into the breast cancer cells.
2. For example “making microRNAs to treat the breast cancer” into the liposome formulation as
they can form micelle composed of polymers including methylcellulose, hydroxyl propyl
methylcellulose. These polymers have the capability to incorporate the drug moieties into the
cancer cells in naoscale.

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Liposome are the most widely used and the most extensively marketed nano-formulation that is being manufactured by pharmaceutical industries. Liposome can be modified in different size and structure. Conjugation of ligend with liposome surface increase the target specificity and changes the pharmacokinetic distribution of encapsulated drug. Different methods of preparation can produce different types of liposomes. Many marketed formulations are available as liposome and has proved to be more useful than the conventional formulations. Antibiotics of different classes such as quinolones, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, cephalosporins, retroviral, macrolides and polypeptides are associated with the shortcomings of drug toxicities, lower bioavailability as well as bacterial resistance. A proper drug delivery system can circumvent these drawbacks. The liposome can prove to be a big stride towards abolishment of these drawbacks. The disadvantage associated with this novel delivery system should also be understood and prevented by means of proper scientific methods for a betterment of human health and society.

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Year Total Dividend Preferred dividend ($) Per share Common dividend Per share 2009 24000 45,000 -21000 1.8 2010 10000 45,000 -35000 1.8 2011 126000 45,000 101000 1.8 25,000 0.25 2012 100000 45,000 45,000 1.8 55,000 0.55 2013 125000 45,000 45,000 1.8 80,000 0.8 2014 125000 45,000 45,000 1.8 80,000 0.8 1.8 240,000 0.4 Average Dividend per share for common stock six years is $0.4 Year Total dividend ($) Preferred dividend Common dividend Total ($) Paid ($) Per share ($) Total ($) Per share 2009 24000 50,000 -26,000 2 2010 10000 50,000 -40,000 2 2011 126000 50,000 116,000 2 10,000 0.1 2012 100000 50,000 50,000 2 50,000 0.5 2013 125000 50,000 50,000 2 75,000 0.75 2014 125000 50,000 50,000 2 75,000 0.75 Average dividend per share for common stock is $ 0.35 and for preferred stock is $2 Year Total Dividend Preferred dividend ($) Per share Common dividend Per share 2009 24000 45,000 -21000 1.8 2010 10000 45,000 -35000 1.8 2011 126000 45,000 101000 1.8 25,000 0.25 2012 100000 45,000 45,000 1.8 55,000 0.55 2013 125000 45,000 45,000 1.8 80,000 0.8 2014 125000 45,000 45,000 1.8 80,000 0.8 1.8 240,000 0.4 Solution Year Total Dividend Preferred dividend ($) Per share Common dividend Per share 2009 24000 45,000 -21000 1.8 2010 10000 45,000 -35000 1.8 2011 126000 45,000 101000 1.8 25,000 0.25 2012 100000 45,000 45,000 1.8 55,000 0.55 2013 125000 45,000 45,000 1.8 80,000 0.8 2014 125000 45,000 45,000 1.8 80,000 0.8 1.8 240,000 0.4 Average Dividend per share for common stock six years is $0.4 Year Total dividend ($) Preferred dividend Common dividend Total ($) Paid ($) Per share ($) Total ($) Per share 2009 24000 50,000 -26,000 2 2010 10000 50,000 -40,000 2 2011 126000 50,000 116,000 2 10,000 0.1 2012 100000 50,000 50,000 2 50,000 0.5 2013 125000 50,000 50,000 2 75,000 0.75 2014 125000 50,000 50,000 2 75,000 0.75 Average dividend per share for common stock is $ 0.35 and for preferred stock is $2 Year Total Dividend Preferred dividend ($) Per share Common dividend Per share 2009 24000 45,000 -21000 1.8 2010 10000 45,000 -35000 1.8 2011 126000 45,000 101000 1.8 25,000 0.25 2012 100000 45,000 45,000 1.8 55,000 0.55 2013 125000 45,000 45,000 1.8 80,000 0.8 2014 125000 45,000 45,000 1.8 80,000 0.8 1.8 240,000 0.4.

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THis can be explained easily by using an example. Let consider a scenario where billions of devices are connected through each other (Like mobile phones, Smart devices, laptops, PC everything ). They are sharing data with each other, Now assume that the data transfer is just a stream of bit patterns like 1010001.... So we are collecting a very huge data. So first thing comes in our mind to retrive valuable information from this data. Let this data is labelled as MASSIVE data. Is it possible to take real time decisions from this MASSIVE data? Yes it is possible but only when we prefetch valuable information from the MASSIVE data, Then only this is possible in real time else we need much time to evaluate the decision process. There are some essential steps before decision Making 1. Data Analytics 2. Semantic Derivation and Knowledge Discovery So this data analytics is used to process data and then this data is used to derive semantics and knowledge. After step 2 we can perform real time decision making. Solution THis can be explained easily by using an example. Let consider a scenario where billions of devices are connected through each other (Like mobile phones, Smart devices, laptops, PC everything ). They are sharing data with each other, Now assume that the data transfer is just a stream of bit patterns like 1010001.... So we are collecting a very huge data. So first thing comes in our mind to retrive valuable information from this data. Let this data is labelled as MASSIVE data. Is it possible to take real time decisions from this MASSIVE data? Yes it is possible but only when we prefetch valuable information from the MASSIVE data, Then only this is possible in real time else we need much time to evaluate the decision process. There are some essential steps before decision Making 1. Data Analytics 2. Semantic Derivation and Knowledge Discovery So this data analytics is used to process data and then this data is used to derive semantics and knowledge. After step 2 we can perform real time decision making..

THis can be explained easily by using an example.Let consider a sc.pdf

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The equation given is incorrect. The given possible roots give the.pdf

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Role of gender in health of women Many of the health challenges during the reproductive period are ones that only young girls and women face.According to a recent publication of WHO complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death in young women aged between 15 and 19 years old in developing countries. Other causes of death among women of reproductive age is HIV/ AIDS and also cervical cancer caused by the infection of Human Pappiloma virus, which affect only the women. Girls and women are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection due to a combination of biological factors and gender-based inequalities, particularly in cultures that limit women’s knowledge about HIV and their ability to protect themselves and negotiate safer sex. The most important risk factors for death and disability in this age group in low- and middle-income countries are lack of contraception and unsafe sex. Violence is an additional significant risk to women’s sexual and reproductive health and can also result in mental ill-health and other chronic health problems. After, the reproductive age one common cause of physical disability is arthritis or gout which affect the elderly women more than the elderly men. This is most probably because the bones of women, decay calcium more than that of men. Role of gender in health of men The Y chromosome establishes male sexual differentiation and the formation of the testis, epididymis and accessory sex glands, the prostate and seminal vesicles and the penis. The disorders of these organs and the variation in the levels of production of the androgens secreted by the testis define a group of disorders that form the discipline of andrology.These disorders can impact on males at all ages of their life. In the younger population, disorders of genital differentiation, testicular cancer, male infertility and sexually transmitted disease are major issues. In some genetic males, androgen insensitivity resulting from mutations of the androgen receptor gene can result in external genitalia that cannot be distinguished from normal female.The occurrence of genital herpes, gonorrhoea, syphilis and HIV constitute a burden of disease that requires attention in male health policies with a very significant emphasis on prevention through adequate barrier protection by the use of condoms and effective diagnosis and prompt treatment of episodes. Solution Role of gender in health of women Many of the health challenges during the reproductive period are ones that only young girls and women face.According to a recent publication of WHO complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of death in young women aged between 15 and 19 years old in developing countries. Other causes of death among women of reproductive age is HIV/ AIDS and also cervical cancer caused by the infection of Human Pappiloma virus, which affect only the women. Girls and women are particularly vulnerable to HIV infection due to a combination of .

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Please post properly..SolutionPlease post properly...pdf

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Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints or a recipe, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information. Chemically, DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic acid RNA, in a process called transcription. Within cells, DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes. These chromosomes are duplicated before cells divide, in a process called DNA replication. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store their DNA inside the cell nucleus, while in prokaryotes (bacteria and archae) it is found in the cell\'s cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organize DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed. Solution Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and some viruses. The main role of DNA molecules is the long-term storage of information. DNA is often compared to a set of blueprints or a recipe, since it contains the instructions needed to construct other components of cells, such as proteins and RNA molecules. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes, but other DNA sequences have structural purposes, or are involved in regulating the use of this genetic information. Chemically, DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. These two strands run in opposite directions to each other and are therefore anti-parallel. Attached to each sugar is one of four types of molecules called bases. It is the sequence of these four bases along the backbone that encodes information. This information is read using the genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the rela.

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e) Cash flow from Assets for 2017 cash flow from assets = cash flow generated from operations + change in working capital + cash flow from fixed assets cash flow from operations Note: Net income = sales (40000) - costs(30000)-depreciation(2000)- interest (400) Chnage in working capital = change in current assets - change in current liabilities = 800-200 = $600 Cash flow from fixed assets = change in fixed assets = $3000 Cash flow from assets = 9000 + 600+3000 = $12,600 f) Cash flow to creditors New debt raised = $4000 Long term debt in 2017 = $3000 cash flow to creditrs = 4000-3000 = $1,000 g) Cash flow to equity holders in 2017 = dividends paid + share repurchased = 5404 + 1000 = $6,404 h)Net income$7,600Depreciation$2,000increase in current assets-$800increase in current liabilities$200Cash from operations$9,000 Solution e) Cash flow from Assets for 2017 cash flow from assets = cash flow generated from operations + change in working capital + cash flow from fixed assets cash flow from operations Note: Net income = sales (40000) - costs(30000)-depreciation(2000)- interest (400) Chnage in working capital = change in current assets - change in current liabilities = 800-200 = $600 Cash flow from fixed assets = change in fixed assets = $3000 Cash flow from assets = 9000 + 600+3000 = $12,600 f) Cash flow to creditors New debt raised = $4000 Long term debt in 2017 = $3000 cash flow to creditrs = 4000-3000 = $1,000 g) Cash flow to equity holders in 2017 = dividends paid + share repurchased = 5404 + 1000 = $6,404 h)Net income$7,600Depreciation$2,000increase in current assets-$800increase in current liabilities$200Cash from operations$9,000.

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conjugate base: substance formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion Conjugate base of HSO4- is SO42- conjugate acid: substance formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion. Conjugate acid of HSO4- is H2SO4 Solution conjugate base: substance formed when an acid loses a hydrogen ion Conjugate base of HSO4- is SO42- conjugate acid: substance formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion. Conjugate acid of HSO4- is H2SO4.

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cash flow financing activities includes proceeds from selling stock.Financing activities are the activities through which capital are raised and pays it back to investors through capital invested by them. Solution cash flow financing activities includes proceeds from selling stock.Financing activities are the activities through which capital are raised and pays it back to investors through capital invested by them..

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//c++ program to operate on binary search tree #include #include #include int tree[20],t=1,x,i,s; void insert(int,int ); void delte(int); void display(int); int search(int); int search1(int,int); int main() { int ch,y; for(i=1;i<20;i++) tree[i]=-1; while(1) { cout <<\"1.insert\ 2.delete\ 3.display\ 4.search\ 5.exit\ Enter your choice:\"; cin >> ch; switch(ch) { case 1: cout <<\"enter the element to insert\"; cin >> ch; insert(1,ch); break; case 2: cout <<\"enter the element to delete\"; cin >>x; y=search(1); if(y!=-1) delete(y); else cout<<\"no such element in tree\"; break; case 3: display(1); cout<<\"\ \"; for(int i=0;i<=32;i++) cout <> x; y=search(1); if(y == -1) cout <<\"no element found in tree\"; else cout <ch) tree[2*x]=ch; else tree[2*x+1]=ch; t++; } void delete(int x) { if( tree[2*x]==-1 && tree[2*x+1]==-1) { { tree[x]=-1; } else if(tree[2*x]==-1) { tree[x]=tree[2*x+1]; tree[2*x+1]=-1; } else if(tree[2*x+1]==-1) { tree[x]=tree[2*x]; tree[2*x]=-1; } else { tree[x]=tree[2*x]; delete(2*x); } t--; } int search(int n) { if(t==1) { cout <<\"no element in tree\"; return -1; } if(tree[n]==-1) { return tree[n]; } if(tree[n]>x) { search(2*n); } else if(tree[n] ch) { search1(2*n,ch); } else { search1(2*n+1,ch); } } Solution //c++ program to operate on binary search tree #include #include #include int tree[20],t=1,x,i,s; void insert(int,int ); void delte(int); void display(int); int search(int); int search1(int,int); int main() { int ch,y; for(i=1;i<20;i++) tree[i]=-1; while(1) { cout <<\"1.insert\ 2.delete\ 3.display\ 4.search\ 5.exit\ Enter your choice:\"; cin >> ch; switch(ch) { case 1: cout <<\"enter the element to insert\"; cin >> ch; insert(1,ch); break; case 2: cout <<\"enter the element to delete\"; cin >>x; y=search(1); if(y!=-1) delete(y); else cout<<\"no such element in tree\"; break; case 3: display(1); cout<<\"\ \"; for(int i=0;i<=32;i++) cout <> x; y=search(1); if(y == -1) cout <<\"no element found in tree\"; else cout <ch) tree[2*x]=ch; else tree[2*x+1]=ch; t++; } void delete(int x) { if( tree[2*x]==-1 && tree[2*x+1]==-1) { { tree[x]=-1; } else if(tree[2*x]==-1) { tree[x]=tree[2*x+1]; tree[2*x+1]=-1; } else if(tree[2*x+1]==-1) { tree[x]=tree[2*x]; tree[2*x]=-1; } else { tree[x]=tree[2*x]; delete(2*x); } t--; } int search(int n) { if(t==1) { cout <<\"no element in tree\"; return -1; } if(tree[n]==-1) { return tree[n]; } if(tree[n]>x) { search(2*n); } else if(tree[n] ch) { search1(2*n,ch); } else { search1(2*n+1,ch); } }.

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As per section 10.29(a) of Treasury Circular 230 a conflict of interest exists if – (i) representation of one party by the tax preparer will affect any other party adversely (ii) the tax preparer’s responsibility to another client will materially limit representation of one or more parties. However in case of conflict of interest a tax preparer can represent a party or a client provided that each affected client or party waives the conflict and gives and informed and written consent to the representation. Law requires the tax preparer to obtain the written consent within a reasonable period of time but it should be no longer than 30 days after the conflict has come to the knowledge of the tax preparer. Solution As per section 10.29(a) of Treasury Circular 230 a conflict of interest exists if – (i) representation of one party by the tax preparer will affect any other party adversely (ii) the tax preparer’s responsibility to another client will materially limit representation of one or more parties. However in case of conflict of interest a tax preparer can represent a party or a client provided that each affected client or party waives the conflict and gives and informed and written consent to the representation. Law requires the tax preparer to obtain the written consent within a reasonable period of time but it should be no longer than 30 days after the conflict has come to the knowledge of the tax preparer..

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Answer Generally chromosome reduction occurs during formation of gametes. The gametes are haploid as they are produced from diploid parent by meiosis. If the reduction doesn\'t occur, the ploidy of organism that is produced by sexually reproduction will be increased. The ploidy may be come tetraploid or hexaploid or polyploid. These polyploid organisms are mostly sterile. Ex. The gametes produced from diploid parents are also diploid due to the absence of reduction. If the two diploid gametes fuse, it develops into tetraploid organism. It may or may not alive. Even if it is alive, the tetraploid organism will be sterile. Solution Answer Generally chromosome reduction occurs during formation of gametes. The gametes are haploid as they are produced from diploid parent by meiosis. If the reduction doesn\'t occur, the ploidy of organism that is produced by sexually reproduction will be increased. The ploidy may be come tetraploid or hexaploid or polyploid. These polyploid organisms are mostly sterile. Ex. The gametes produced from diploid parents are also diploid due to the absence of reduction. If the two diploid gametes fuse, it develops into tetraploid organism. It may or may not alive. Even if it is alive, the tetraploid organism will be sterile..

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a) They offer defined benefit retirement pension plans to certain employees. These benefits relate primarily to local plans outside the U.S. and, to a lesser extent, plans assumed in previous acquisitions covering U.S. employees. They also provide certain other retiree benefits, primarily health care and life insurance, for the majority of our U.S. employees who become eligible for these benefits when they meet minimum age and service requirements. Generally, the health care plans require cost sharing with retirees and pay a stated percentage of expenses, reduced by deductibles and other coverages. These benefits are primarily funded by ESOP Series B shares and certain other assets contributed by the Company. b) Total global defined contribution expense was $347, $344 and $364 in 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.The primary U.S. defined contribution plan comprises the majority of the balances and expense for the Company’s defined contribution plans. For the U.S. DC plan, the contribution rate is set annually. Total contributions for this plan approximated 15% of total participants’ annual wages and salaries in 2011, 2010 and 2009. c) Their investment objective for defined benefit retirement plan assets is to meet the plan\'s benefit obligations, while minimizing the potential for future required Company plan contributions. The investment strategies focus on asset class diversification, liquidity to meet benefit payments and an appropriate balance of long-term investment return and risk. Target ranges for asset allocations are determined by matching the actuarial projections of the plan\'s future liabilities and benefit payments with expected long-term rates of return on the assets, taking into account investment return volatility and correlations across asset classes. Plan assets are diversified across several investment managers and are generally invested in liquid funds that are selected to track broad market equity and bond indices. Investment risk is carefully controlled with plan assets rebalanced to target allocations on a periodic basis and continual monitoring of investment manager\'s performance relative to the investment guidelines established with each investment manager. Several factors are considered in developing the estimate for the longterm expected rate of return on plan assets. For the defi ned benefi t retirement plans, these factors include historical rates of return of broad equity and bond indices and projected long-term rates of return obtained from pension investment consultants. The expected longterm rates of return for plan assets are 8–9% for equities and 5–6% for bonds. For other retiree benefit plans, the expected long-term rate of return reflects the fact that the assets are comprised primarily of Company stock. The expected rate of return on Company stock is based on the long-term projected return of 9.5% and reflects the historical pattern of favorable returns. Solution a) They offer defined benefit retirement.

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Not at all. Most coloured salts contain transition metals or heavy p-block elements, but even the largest alkali metal ions give colourless salts. It depends on electron distribution in the ions, not how large they are. Solution Not at all. Most coloured salts contain transition metals or heavy p-block elements, but even the largest alkali metal ions give colourless salts. It depends on electron distribution in the ions, not how large they are..

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