This document summarizes the key achievements and objectives of the Hydrology Project in India across its three phases. The project aims to develop a standardized national water resources monitoring and information system to improve water resources planning and management. Key achievements of phase II included upgrading monitoring networks, developing web-based data management and tools for planning, and conducting studies on groundwater management and water quality issues. Phase III will further develop these systems nationwide and introduce tools for flood forecasting, reservoir operation, and assessing climate change impacts. The ultimate goal is to establish a permanent water resources information coordination center.

1. RELIABLE, TIMELY, QUALITY, CONSISTENT, PUBLIC DATA
Avanish Kant
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation
Hydrology Project Phase – III
Approach towards Integrated Water Resources Management
“India Water Resources Management Programme:
Hydrology Project”
www.indiawrm.org

2. HYDROLOGY PROJECT – the journey so far
(1995-2003) Hydrology Project-I (HP-I) was taken up to develop Hydrological Information System (HIS) for collecting hydrological, meteorological, water quality data.
(2006-2014) HP-II was taken up to extend and promote the use of Hydrological Information system (HIS) developed under HP-I by all potential users concerned with the Water Resources Planning and Management, both in public and private, thereby contributing to improve productivity and cost effectiveness of water related investments.
INDIA
HP-1 States
New States
Map not to scale

3. Highlights of Journey From HP-I to HP-II
From Manual Data Collection ------ Real Time Data Acquisition System
From Desktop Data Management ------ Web-based Data Management
Collating Data into Analyzed Information for Decision Making (DSS Planning, HDA, PDS)
Up gradation to real time flood forecasting and reservoir operation systems (RTDSS & RTSF & ROS )

4. 4
Hydrological Information System

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Key Achievements under HP-II
1. Upgradation/ strengthening of Hydrological Information System (HIS)
A.Construction of Data Centres
B.Strengthening of
meteorological stations
Sl No.
Description
1
Manual FCS, Raingauges and SRRG
2
Digital Raingauges and AWS without telemetry
3
Automatic Weather Station (AWS) with telemetry
4
Digital Rain Gauges (DRG) with telemetry

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Key Achievements under HP-II
C. Strengthening of hydrological stations
D. Strengthening of Groundwater Monitoring
Water Level Recorder
Hydrological Equipment
1
Automatic water level recorder - shaft encoder type/Bubbler/RADAR
2
Current Meter
3
ADCP
Ground Water
1
DWLR without telemetry
2
DWLR with telemetry
Digital GW Recorder

7. 7
Key Achievements under HP-II
E. Strengthening of Water Quality stations
Sl. N
Water Quality monitoring stations
1
Real time Water quality Stations in Ganga
and Yamuna by CPCB (10 Parameters)
2
Real time Water quality Stations by CWC
(6 parameters)
Construction & establishment of Laboratories
3
Level 2+
4
Level 2
5
Level 1

8. Achievements under HP-II
E. Development of Web-based Data Management System

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Key Achievements under HP-II
A.Hydrological Design Aids (HDA)
–The tool facilitates and expedites the hydrological design of infrastructure and provides uniform approaches
2. River Basin Planning and Management Tools
i.Surface water planning for investments and inter-sectoral water allocation
ii.Integrated operation of reservoirs for flood and irrigation management.
iii.Conjunctive water use planning for surface and groundwater use
iv.Drought monitoring and management
v.Water quality management
B. Decision Support System (DSS) for Water Resources Planning and Management

10. 10
Key Achievements under HP-II
C. Stream Flow Forecasting and Reservoir Operation
Systems for Flood Management
Bhakra – Beas Basin
Upper Krishna & Bhima Basin

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Key Achievements under HP-II
3. Groundwater Management (Aquifer Mapping)
Details
Area (sq km)
Baswa-Bandikui Watershed, Dausa District, Rajasthan – I – AQRAJ
598
Maner-Khagaul Area, Patna Dist, Bihar II – AQBHR
521
Watershed Nagpur district, Maharashtra - III – AQMAH
360
Parts of Tumkur District, Karnataka - IV – AQKAR
376
Lower Vellar, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu - V – AQTND
344
Part of Thar Desert, Jaisalmar District, Rajasthan. - VI – AQDRT
675
•6 pilot projects of aquifer mapping was carried out to develop the framework for large scale mapping.
•The projects piloted use of advance techniques including heliborne techniques for faster and accurate mapping of aquifers.

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Key Achievements under HP-II
4. Purpose Driven Studies (PDS)
•39 specific studies have been undertaken across the Hydrology Project implementing agencies (supported by external consultancies or universities where needed)
•The studies includes: - groundwater management, - water quality issues, - reservoir sedimentation problems, and - improved water management practices to address crop water needs.

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India Water Resources Management Programme:
Hydrology Project
•9 States
•6 Central Agencies
HP-I
INDIA
On Going States
New States
Map not to scale
•13 States
•8 Central Agencies
HP-II
HP-III
Across All Indian States
and UTs
HYDROLOGY PROJECT – Journey Ahead

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Objectives of India Water Resources Management Programme: Hydrology Project
Standardize Water Resources monitoring and information system for the country with uniform procedures and database.
Modernize water resources assessment at spatio- temporal scale for improved planning and management using physical and remote sensing based techniques.
Introduce country wide generic solutions for flood forecasting and water resources management.
Introduce site specific solutions for water resources planning and management.

15. Data
Repositories
to store and serve
both raw feed and
processed data
(on Cloud Platform)
Telemetry
Dissemination Platforms
Crowd-sourced / Community
Surveillance Data
Earth observation data access
via suitable mechanisms (e.g.
Internet, GeoNetCast)
Web Portals
(e.g. integrated hydromet
visualization platforms)
Stakeholder Alerts
Soils
Canals
Wetlands
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rivers
GIS and other datasets
Data Rescue
Data Management
& Modeling
(for weather,
hydrological,
inundation & other
forecasts – short-term
and seasonal) Operational
“Bottom-up” Data Acquisition System Control Rooms
Manual Monitoring Automated Monitoring Radars
Interaction with other Knowledge
Base and Analytical Systems
“Top-Down” Data Acquisition System
Satellite Earth Observation
Vision for National Water information Center

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Components under HP-III
Component 1: Upgrading and extension of Ground based Water Resources Monitoring System (WRMS)
•Strengthening of National water information center through following.
•Modernize monitoring (including real time) system of Water resources including:
•Weather: Automatic Weather Stations , rainfall and Snow gauges.
•Rivers: Stage/discharge, water quality
•Groundwater: Water levels, water quality
•Reservoir/tanks: Water level, gate position, outflow and spillways
•Water use: irrigation canal system monitoring including canal level, discharge, gate position and canal roster
•Water quality for both groundwater and surface water in problem areas.
•Sedimentation load monitoring and sedimentation survey in reservoirs.
•Introduce Community based and mobile based monitoring in particular for small streams, groundwater and water bodies.
•Digitize historical water resources information including water quality and water quantity data.
•Upgrade centralized and web-based data storage management and dissemination system including mobile applications for data entry.

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Components under HP-III
Component 2: Development of spatiotemporal, Information and Knowledge Services and Products
Upgrade existing IndiaWRIS or National water information centre with following information.
•Development of DEM for the entire country for improved flood mapping and other planning:
•High resolution such as LIDAR surveys for floodplains, and flood risk maps.
•High resolution remote sensing imageries and other supplementary information to develop DEM for other areas.
•Develop spatial River Basin information system based on historical data/map/imageries including:
•Existing water bodies and their usage.
•Canal system network
•Landuse and performance of irrigation systems
•Inventories of water pollution.

18. Khartoum
Asyut
Luxor
Nasir Reservoir
Kassala
Kusti Wad Madani
Malakal
Tana Lake
E G Y P T
S U D A N
S O U T H S U D A N
E R I T R E A
E T H I O P I A
Addis Ababa
Asmara
Cairo
Juba
Gonder
Bahir Dar
Jimma
Data source: NOAA, 2006 GDP (million $/sq.km.)
Country boundary
Major river
Capital city
Lake/Sea
E N T R O
Eastern Nile Technical
Regional Office
0 - 0.5
2 - 1
2 - 3
4 - 5
6 - 10
11 - 25
26 - 50
51 - 100
101 - 150
151 - 1,194
Monthly Blue Nile Flows at Khartoum
Annual Blue Nile Flows at Khartoum
Blue Nile Sub-Basin
18
Components under HP-III
Component 2: Spatiotemporal, Information and Knowledge
Services and Products
• Using temporal remote sensing based information to
update spatial water resources assessment for entire
country including:
• Pattern of water storage in water bodies.
• Precipitation, snow melt, soil moisture, land use,
actual evapotranspiration and soil moisture
• Web-based runoff estimates using various
procedures/techniques.
• Monitoring floods, risk and drought.
• Monitoring performance of canal irrigation
systems.
• Water logging and salinity
• Develop a web-based hydrological modelling system
for the entire country.
• Improve or identify sets of climate forecast systems (in
addition to IMD).

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Components under HP-III
Component 3: Tools for planning, design, operation and Management of Water Resources system
•Develop generic Flood forecasting models based on rainfall runoff modelling for key locations in entire country.
•Develop river basin and reservoir operation systems for specific river basins for IWRM: daily and seasonal planning.
•Develop canal operation and scheduling systems using physical and remote sensing based systems.
•Issue based studies: Develop detailed information system, models/ assessment tools for site specific issues.
•Introduce Hydrological Design Aids (HDA) to all State SW agencies in order to improve current design practices of water resources infrastructure.
•Support the shift from “Groundwater Development” to “Groundwater Management” under the 12th Five Year Plan (2012-2017)
•Introduce tools for the assessment of potential impacts of future climate changes and land use changes on water resources availability, design floods and droughts through pilot studies.

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Components under HP-III
Component 4: Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building
•Establishment of a permanent WRIS Coordination Secretariat.
•Establishment of the National Water Informatics Center, aimed at generating, organizing and providing an up-to-date water database in the public domain with allied themes, and developing value added Information and Knowledge products and services for Integrated Water Resources Management.
•Specialized training and international exchange programs for various HIS levels, domestic study tours and international study tours, cross learning from participating States, etc;
•Provide Training-of-Trainer (ToT) courses and develop training programs for central agencies (NWA, CGWB, CWPRS, IMD and NIH).
•Protocol in action for data sharing and dissemination, joint data validation by Central and State Agencies, and data utilization for design, planning and management purposes.

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