Database security aims to protect data from accidental or intentional harm through threats like human error, software/hardware failures, theft, and improper access. These threats can result in losses of privacy, secrecy, confidentiality, data integrity, and availability. Countermeasures and responses to database failures help increase database security against various threats.

1. 1. Database Security
2. Countermeasures
3. Database Failure Responses

2. 1. Database Security
♦ Introduction
▪ Protection of the data against accidental or intentional loss,
destruction, or misuse.
- Increased difficulty due to internet access and
client/server technologies.

3. 1. Database Security
♦ Threats to data security
Accidental losses attributable to:
- Human error, Software failure, Hardware failure
Theft and fraud.
Improper data access:
- Loss of privacy (personal data), Loss of secrecy,
Loss of confidentiality (corporate data)
Loss of data integrity
Loss of availability (through, e.g. Sabotage)
Threat:
Any situation or event, whether intentional or unintentional,
that will adversely affect a system and consequently an organization.