Wheat flour is produced through a milling process that breaks and grinds wheat kernels to extract the endosperm for flour while removing the bran and germ. The milling process produces different types of flour based on gluten content and particle size. Flour can be made from other grains like corn, rice, rye and produces different flour types based on degree of milling and grain used.
Opportunities and Scope for Value addition in Rice based Products for MFEs in...Dr. Poshadri Achinna
Paddy (Rice) Value addition in Telangana.
Webinar related organised by Telangana State Food Processing Society, Hyderabad Under the Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro food processing Enterprises (PM-FME) Scheme for Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav (India@75) initiative
This document discusses oats, including their characteristics, identification, nutritive profile, production, anti-nutritive factors, and price. Oats are a cereal grain domesticated in Europe with high fiber and low energy content compared to other grains. They are high in vitamins, minerals, and protein, though the protein is low quality. Oats are processed through cleaning, dehulling, kilning, sizing, cutting, milling, and flaking. They are harvested using combine harvesters or manually and stored in cool, dry conditions to prevent deterioration. Oats contain some anti-nutritive factors like phytate that reduce nutrient availability.
The document discusses quality analysis in rice and focuses on micronutrient deficiencies. It notes that over 3 billion people worldwide suffer from malnutrition due to deficiencies in iron, zinc, vitamin A, and folic acid. Biofortification through traditional breeding or biotechnology can help increase micronutrients in rice to alleviate these deficiencies. The document then examines each deficiency in more detail and discusses the health problems they cause. It emphasizes the importance of analyzing rice quality and traits, including physical, milling, cooking, and nutritional properties, to address malnutrition issues.
Pulse milling and their byproduct utilizationKRATIKA SINGHAM
This document discusses pulse milling and utilization of byproducts. It begins by defining pulses as edible legume seeds harvested dry. India is a major producer, consumer, and importer of pulses. The document then covers pulse nutrition, health benefits, production statistics in India, post-harvest losses, and milling processes including home, cottage, and commercial scale milling. It describes various pre-treatment methods like wet treatments using water and red earth and dry treatments using oil and water application followed by tempering and sun drying to loosen the husk prior to milling. The goal of milling is efficient removal of husk from cotyledons with minimal losses.
This training was co-organized by SARD-SC and ANRLD of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research for women farmers drawn from four regions of Ethiopia, vis. Oromia, Tigray, Amhara and Southern.
The document discusses underutilized pseudocereal crops like grain amaranth, buckwheat, and chenopods. It notes that these crops have high nutritional value but have reduced in importance over time. It describes the genetic resources conserved for these crops by NBPGR in India, including over 5,800 accessions of amaranth and 1,000 of buckwheat. Varieties have been developed with improved traits like increased yield, plant height, and disease resistance. The crops have medicinal uses and can be intercropped or grown as pure crops. Research is still needed to improve traits like lodging resistance, seed size, and shattering resistance to increase production and utilization of these nutrient-rich pseudocere
Wheat flour is produced through a milling process that breaks and grinds wheat kernels to extract the endosperm for flour while removing the bran and germ. The milling process produces different types of flour based on gluten content and particle size. Flour can be made from other grains like corn, rice, rye and produces different flour types based on degree of milling and grain used.
Opportunities and Scope for Value addition in Rice based Products for MFEs in...Dr. Poshadri Achinna
Paddy (Rice) Value addition in Telangana.
Webinar related organised by Telangana State Food Processing Society, Hyderabad Under the Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro food processing Enterprises (PM-FME) Scheme for Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav (India@75) initiative
This document discusses oats, including their characteristics, identification, nutritive profile, production, anti-nutritive factors, and price. Oats are a cereal grain domesticated in Europe with high fiber and low energy content compared to other grains. They are high in vitamins, minerals, and protein, though the protein is low quality. Oats are processed through cleaning, dehulling, kilning, sizing, cutting, milling, and flaking. They are harvested using combine harvesters or manually and stored in cool, dry conditions to prevent deterioration. Oats contain some anti-nutritive factors like phytate that reduce nutrient availability.
The document discusses quality analysis in rice and focuses on micronutrient deficiencies. It notes that over 3 billion people worldwide suffer from malnutrition due to deficiencies in iron, zinc, vitamin A, and folic acid. Biofortification through traditional breeding or biotechnology can help increase micronutrients in rice to alleviate these deficiencies. The document then examines each deficiency in more detail and discusses the health problems they cause. It emphasizes the importance of analyzing rice quality and traits, including physical, milling, cooking, and nutritional properties, to address malnutrition issues.
Pulse milling and their byproduct utilizationKRATIKA SINGHAM
This document discusses pulse milling and utilization of byproducts. It begins by defining pulses as edible legume seeds harvested dry. India is a major producer, consumer, and importer of pulses. The document then covers pulse nutrition, health benefits, production statistics in India, post-harvest losses, and milling processes including home, cottage, and commercial scale milling. It describes various pre-treatment methods like wet treatments using water and red earth and dry treatments using oil and water application followed by tempering and sun drying to loosen the husk prior to milling. The goal of milling is efficient removal of husk from cotyledons with minimal losses.
This training was co-organized by SARD-SC and ANRLD of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research for women farmers drawn from four regions of Ethiopia, vis. Oromia, Tigray, Amhara and Southern.
The document discusses underutilized pseudocereal crops like grain amaranth, buckwheat, and chenopods. It notes that these crops have high nutritional value but have reduced in importance over time. It describes the genetic resources conserved for these crops by NBPGR in India, including over 5,800 accessions of amaranth and 1,000 of buckwheat. Varieties have been developed with improved traits like increased yield, plant height, and disease resistance. The crops have medicinal uses and can be intercropped or grown as pure crops. Research is still needed to improve traits like lodging resistance, seed size, and shattering resistance to increase production and utilization of these nutrient-rich pseudocere
This document discusses experimental design techniques for studying the effects of multiple factors on a response. It provides examples of one-factor-at-a-time experiments and multi-factor experiments. For a study examining the effects of temperature and pH on bacterial growth, a multi-factor design would be necessary to detect any interaction between the two factors. The document also describes 2k factorial designs, coding factors, design matrices, calculating effects estimates, and fitting models to experimental data.
This document discusses principles of experimental design. It covers the aims of experiments including developing new products or processes or improving existing ones. It discusses types of experiments and defines DOE (design of experiments). It outlines the phases of experimental design including treatment design, experiment design, and analysis design. It provides examples of treatment design objectives like screening, quantifying, optimization, and theory. It also discusses concepts like one-variable and two-way factorial experiments, experimental units, replicates, randomization, and analysis of variance.
This document discusses correlation and regression analysis. It defines scatter plots as graphs of independent (X) and dependent (Y) variable pairs that can show positive, negative, or no relationships between variables. The correlation coefficient measures the strength and direction of relationships, ranging from -1 to 1. A value of 0 indicates no linear relationship. Formulas are provided to compute the sample correlation coefficient and conduct a t-test to determine if a correlation is statistically significant. Examples demonstrate these concepts using data on wheat hardness and damage starch.
This document provides an overview of chi-square procedures for testing goodness of fit and independence using categorical data. It defines chi-square tests and presents examples to test if frequency distributions fit specific patterns or if two variables are independent. The examples show calculating expected frequencies, test statistics, degrees of freedom, and making decisions to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis based on comparing test statistics to critical values at a given significance level.
This document provides an overview of analysis of variance (ANOVA), including:
- ANOVA is used to compare means of three or more populations using an F-test. It assumes normal distributions, independence, and equal variances.
- Between-group and within-group variances are calculated to determine the F-value. If F exceeds the critical value, the null hypothesis of equal means is rejected.
- Two-way ANOVA extends the technique to analyze two independent variables and their interaction effects on a dependent variable. Graphs can show interactions like disordinal, ordinal, or no interaction.
Ch6 Testing the Difference between Means, VariancesFarhan Alfin
The document discusses various statistical tests for comparing means and variances between two populations or groups. It provides formulas and examples for:
1. Testing the difference between two means with large independent samples using the z-test. This assumes normal distributions and known or large sample sizes.
2. Testing differences between two means with small independent samples using a t-test. This allows for unknown and unequal variances between populations.
3. Testing differences between two variances using an F-test, which compares the ratio of the two sample variances to an F distribution.
4. Calculating confidence intervals for the difference between two means with large or small independent samples.
1) Hypothesis testing involves specifying a null hypothesis (H0) and an alternative hypothesis (H1). The null hypothesis states that there is no difference or relationship, while the alternative hypothesis specifies a difference or relationship.
2) A statistical test is used to determine whether to reject the null hypothesis based on sample data. There is a risk of making Type I or Type II errors.
3) The p-value represents the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.
This document discusses key concepts in statistics for engineers and scientists such as point estimates, properties of good estimators, confidence intervals, and the t-distribution. A point estimate is a single numerical value used to estimate a population parameter from a sample. A good estimator must be unbiased, consistent, and relatively efficient. A confidence interval provides a range of values that is likely to contain the true population parameter based on the sample data and confidence level. The t-distribution is similar to the normal distribution but has greater variance and depends on degrees of freedom. Examples are provided to demonstrate how to calculate confidence intervals for means using the normal and t-distributions.
Ch3 Probability and The Normal Distribution Farhan Alfin
This document provides an introduction to probability and the normal distribution. It defines probability as the chance of an event occurring, and discusses empirical probability determined by observation. It introduces the normal distribution and its key properties including that it is symmetric and bell-shaped. The document also discusses calculating probabilities and areas under the standard normal curve, including between and outside given z-values.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in statistics for engineers and scientists. It discusses parameters and statistics, which are characteristics of populations and samples respectively. It then covers various measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and how to calculate them. It also discusses measures of variability such as range, variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Various distribution shapes are presented. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating statistics like the mean, median, variance and coefficient of variation. The document aims to describe fundamental statistical concepts and calculations.
This document provides an introduction to statistics. It defines key statistical concepts such as descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, populations, samples, variables, and different types of data. It also discusses methods for organizing and summarizing data, including frequency distributions, histograms, frequency polygons, ogives, time series graphs and pie charts. The goal of statistics is to collect, organize, analyze and draw conclusions from data.