The document discusses gender equity in dryland agroforestry systems. It finds that women often lack secure tenure rights over trees and resources. While elder women have more access to fruit trees and fodder, rules around access can change during times of crisis or opportunity. The roles of men and women in agroforestry decision-making are often shared, though women lead in managing fodder shrubs and fuelwood while men dominate activities like fencing and capacity building. Political participation of women is limited, though quotas provide some space, and women play an important role negotiating marketing deals at the household level. Agroforestry has potential to increase smallholder incomes when both men and women are involved in adaptation, marketing

2. Key highlights

Gender matters: trees, forests, agroforestry.

Tenure and access rights demands attention.

Dryland agroforestry our future priority.
For example: India, Gran Chaco and Sahel region

3. Gender equity
Gender equity includes
race, ethnicity, language, socioeconomic status, disability or
any other diversities
that defines our individual
identity.

4. Empirical evidence on..
¿
What does agroforestry in dry and
degraded lands mean for smallholders?
¿
Why gender equity in agroforestry
matters?
¿
How local democratic governance
influence gender in agroforestry?

5. Research Area:
semi-arid
tribal India

6. Dryland agroforestry: viable option
 Tenure insecurity; small holders (2acres)
 Climate variability; seasonal migration
 Planting trees a way to claim boundary

7. Gender equity: tenure and access
 245 hh: 85% women lack tenure rights
 Elder women have more access to fruit
trees, fodder shrubs, and fuel wood
 Rules on access to resources changes
during crisis or opportunity
- Climate variability
- Value chain (processed fruits; jatropha)

8. Decision-making in agroforestry
Roles and responsibilities
Men/Women/ Joint
Vulnerability
Managing fodder shrubs
55% joint
32% women
women lead in managing
shrubs in consultation
Soil fertility improvements
68% joint and 20% men
Women lack of knowledge
Fuel wood management
65% women and 21% men
Selection of species and
management by women
Fruits and crop production
67% joint and 26% men
Frequent drought and
market fluctuation = joint
Vegetable garden
72% women
Daily livelihood food
security & men migration
Fencing
35% joint 30% men
Depend on tenure rights;
exclusion of pastoralists
Sale and marketing
45% joint
New arena for both
Information sharing
67% women
Social safety net
Capacity-building on agrofo 43% men
Migration = women active
Technological adaptation
Men are targeted
66% men

9. Political participation
• At democratic local governance women are
passive participants though the ‘quota’ give them
35% political space. Elite women are active.
• At household level, in crisis situation, men and
women play critical role in agroforestry
management.
• Women are active in negotiating marketing deals.

10. Discussion
• Smallholders income increase (men benefit)
• Gendered risk- when value of product
increases men takeover business from women
• Agroforestry has high potential when men and
women are involved in technological
adaptation, marketing and benefit-sharing.

11. Thank you
E-mail: p.bose@cgiar.org
CIAT’s focal contact for gender as a cross-cutting theme for
Forests, Trees, and Agroforestry

12. Conceptual framework
- Identity and Recognition
Fraser (2000): Forms of identity are constructed
through interaction of self-identity (individual
adopts to get recognition), and external
identity (reinforced by dominant group)
and
- Decision making and Gender equity