- Marx argued that material circumstances influence ideas and compel changes in circumstances, with history determined not by intentions but by predicting results. Societies produce surpluses distributed according to ideas influenced by production methods.
- Maslow's hierarchy of needs shows how basic physiological and safety needs must be met before esteem, belonging, and self-actualization.
- Historically, hunter-gatherers only needed to work 2-5 hours daily, while medieval Europeans had more leisure time and intermittent work schedules without clocks, showing less consumption was once necessary.
Playful Blended Digital Storytelling in 3D Immersive eLearning Environments f...Dr Stylianos Mystakidis
Presentation at IDEE Workshop 2014 (June 9th, 2014 Albacete, Spain) about the pedagogical design, the technical development and initial findings of the educational program “From the Ancient to the Modern Tablets” involving digital storytelling, gamification, playful design and 3d virtual worlds to motivate K-12 students and promote literacy and extracurricular reading.
Playful Blended Digital Storytelling in 3D Immersive eLearning Environments f...Dr Stylianos Mystakidis
Presentation at IDEE Workshop 2014 (June 9th, 2014 Albacete, Spain) about the pedagogical design, the technical development and initial findings of the educational program “From the Ancient to the Modern Tablets” involving digital storytelling, gamification, playful design and 3d virtual worlds to motivate K-12 students and promote literacy and extracurricular reading.
συλλογή παιχνιδιών Εθνικού Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου Επισκεφθήκαμε το Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο και εντοπίσαμε, με τη βοήθεια της δρ. Μαρίας Λαγογιάννη-Γεωργακαράκου, αρχαιολόγου και διευθύντριας του Εθνικού Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου, τα παιχνίδια –αθύρματα, όπως ονομάζονταν στην αρχαιότητα− που κρύβονται ανάμεσα στα χιλιάδες εκθέματά του, παιχνίδια με τα οποία εξακολουθούν να παίζουν τα παιδιά μέχρι σήμερα. Βρήκαμε και το ειδώλιο που ενέπνευσε τους δημιουργούς του Φοίβου και της Αθηνάς, των μασκότ των Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων της Αθήνας. Πηγή: www.lifo.gr http://www.lifo.gr/articles/archaeology_articles/84898
συλλογή παιχνιδιών Εθνικού Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου Επισκεφθήκαμε το Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο και εντοπίσαμε, με τη βοήθεια της δρ. Μαρίας Λαγογιάννη-Γεωργακαράκου, αρχαιολόγου και διευθύντριας του Εθνικού Αρχαιολογικού Μουσείου, τα παιχνίδια –αθύρματα, όπως ονομάζονταν στην αρχαιότητα− που κρύβονται ανάμεσα στα χιλιάδες εκθέματά του, παιχνίδια με τα οποία εξακολουθούν να παίζουν τα παιδιά μέχρι σήμερα. Βρήκαμε και το ειδώλιο που ενέπνευσε τους δημιουργούς του Φοίβου και της Αθηνάς, των μασκότ των Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων της Αθήνας. Πηγή: www.lifo.gr http://www.lifo.gr/articles/archaeology_articles/84898
Improving Our Educational Systems Part 2Asad Zaman
Rejection of Christianity led to a radical change in Western epistemology. Religion was replaced by science as the foundation for knowledge. This involved a shift from study of internal life experience to the external reality. Loss of understanding of character, spirit, heart, lead to a seriously defective education, which provides students with the skills to build bombs, but not the compassion and understanding of human suffering which is the basis for morality. By abandoning Western models, and shifting to the educational methods of the Prophet, we can create dramatic improvements in our educational outcomes.
2. Consumption and Materialism
• “The world has enough for
everybody’s need, but not for
everybody’s greed”- Gandhi.
• Today, aside from the very poor,
nearly everyone consumes more
than is necessary to survive.
Why?
– Relates to all three central issues
of environmentalism: i)
sustainability, ii) environmental
justice, iii) beauty of ecology
3. Materialism
• “The worker can create nothing
without nature, without the
sensuous external world”- Karl
Marx.
• Who would disagree with
this!?!
• All people everywhere have to 1818-1883
produce their means of
‘subsistence’ (livelihood). We
all depend on our
environments.
4. Marx’s Historical Materialism
• Human beings form ideas under the influence of material or environmental
circumstances. Such ideas then compel them to change circumstances.
There is free will, but history is not determined by these freely willed
intentions. The point of theory is to predict results, not intentions.
• Every society produces a surplus, and has different rules for determining
how this surplus wealth is distributed.
• Marx says that people’s way of producing a surplus influences (or
‘determines’) their ideas about how to distribute the surplus.
Material
Ideas
Circumstances
5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• Aesthetics
• Knowledge &
Understanding
Self-
Actualize
Esteem
Belonging and Abraham Maslow
Love 1908 - 1970
Safety
Physiological
6. The Original Affluent Society?
• Time allocation studies suggest that a typical
adult hunter-gatherer only needs to ‘work’ for
2 to 5 hours per day!
Uncontacted Tribes, Brazil, 2009
8. Before the Industrial Revolution
• Difficult to generalize, but based on historical
record, we can safely assume the following:
1. There was more leisure and less work
2. There was much less etiquette than
today
9. Leisure time
• Working hours under capitalism
(at their peak) increased by more
than 50 percent from Medieval
period.
• Work was intermittent, depended
on season: breakfast, lunch,
afternoon nap, dinner breaks
• General pace was far slower and
more leisurely- (based on
evidence of caloric intake)
• Consciousness of time was
radically different: there were no
clocks!
10. Leisure time
• Medieval Europe
– In Medieval England, about 1/3rd of
the year devoted to leisure
– In Medieval France, 52 Sundays off,
90 guaranteed rest days, 38
holidays
– In Medieval Spain, 5 months per
year were devoted to vacation
• Antiquity
– Athenians had 50-60 holidays
annually
– By mid 4th century, Roman
calendar designated 175 official
public festival days
11. Conspicuous Consumption
• What is conspicuous
consumption? Why do we do
it?
• We are motivated not only be
interests, but also by what Thorstein Veblen
Veblen calls ‘sentiments’ 1857 - 1929
– Goods distinguish us from others
in a hierarchy, and also show that
we belong to one group (and not
another)
12. The Treadmill of Production
• Why are we stuck on this
treadmill? Can we get off?