This document provides an overview of heritage management concepts and doual'art, an art organization based in Douala, Cameroon. It outlines key heritage management concepts like identifying heritage, context analysis, stakeholders, and target groups. It then analyzes doual'art's finances from 2005-2013, showing their sources of funding from countries like Netherlands, Germany, and foundations. It maps doual'art's projects in neighborhoods of Douala like Bessengué and analyzes how art can contribute to highlighting and interpreting local heritage.
The document provides an overview of the Bessengué neighborhood of Douala, Cameroon including its history, location, public artworks created through the "Atelier Urbaines de Bessengué" project, and current developments like the installation of water pumps and a shifted curfew time as a result of funding secured by the neighborhood's Development Committee of Bessengué.
Pensa - doual'art. Financing the production of public art in Africa. Iolanda Pensa
Financing the production of public art in Africa.
The case study of doual’art - between resources, culture, development and agencies. Iolanda Pensa - ICCPR 2014 International Conference on Cultural Policy Research, 10/09/2014.
Iolanda Pensa, Heritage Management 2018, Structure of a proposalIolanda Pensa
This document provides guidance on conducting an analysis for a heritage management proposal. It includes sections on defining the concept of heritage, context analysis, identifying stakeholders and target groups, services and interpretations, legislation and copyright, and performing a critical analysis. The document estimates the time to complete the analysis at 20 hours and provides templates for the structure of a proposal, a sample calendar and budget, and evaluating the proposal's expected results and coherence with the objectives. Graphics show examples of past projects activating community resources and knowledge through culture.
Usually in PPP agreements targeting public goods, the government grants a capital subsidy in exchange for a service provided by the private sector. In our research we are presenting a different approach to PPP, where the private sector acts exclusively as a funder of the project, not sharing risks or decisional power. The controversial case of the Colosseum makes us understand how the sponsorship of the restoration of cultural heritage sites can become the new frontier of Public Private Partnership, but also the importance of transparency in the selection process of partners and of the dialogue with the public opinion. Moreover, the real question is, where to draw the limit for sponsorships, and what may or may not be offered to partners in exchange for their financial support.
The Future City of Africa - presentation and invitation (startups & EXPO)Jens Kjærgaard
The document summarizes an upcoming conference called the Future City of Africa that will take place in Nairobi, Kenya from June 9-11, 2016. It aims to bring together the brightest minds in technology, urban planning, and business to discuss solutions for building sustainable cities across Africa to accommodate 700 million new urban residents by 2050. The conference will focus on themes like smart cities, infrastructure, urban planning, and citizen engagement. It hopes to inspire innovation and new partnerships to address Africa's rapid urbanization in a way that leapfrogs old models and creates new, African-centered solutions for the future of the continent's cities.
The document announces the Dubai International Art Symposium organized by the Rashid Paediatric Therapy Centre from October 1-8, 2013 in Dubai. The symposium aims to enhance communication between artists and the community and promote the contribution of art to social issues. It will also contribute to cultural dialogue between Arab and world cultures. The first session will pay tribute to Salvador Dali, recognizing his brilliant historical work.
The document provides an overview of the Bessengué neighborhood of Douala, Cameroon including its history, location, public artworks created through the "Atelier Urbaines de Bessengué" project, and current developments like the installation of water pumps and a shifted curfew time as a result of funding secured by the neighborhood's Development Committee of Bessengué.
Pensa - doual'art. Financing the production of public art in Africa. Iolanda Pensa
Financing the production of public art in Africa.
The case study of doual’art - between resources, culture, development and agencies. Iolanda Pensa - ICCPR 2014 International Conference on Cultural Policy Research, 10/09/2014.
Iolanda Pensa, Heritage Management 2018, Structure of a proposalIolanda Pensa
This document provides guidance on conducting an analysis for a heritage management proposal. It includes sections on defining the concept of heritage, context analysis, identifying stakeholders and target groups, services and interpretations, legislation and copyright, and performing a critical analysis. The document estimates the time to complete the analysis at 20 hours and provides templates for the structure of a proposal, a sample calendar and budget, and evaluating the proposal's expected results and coherence with the objectives. Graphics show examples of past projects activating community resources and knowledge through culture.
Usually in PPP agreements targeting public goods, the government grants a capital subsidy in exchange for a service provided by the private sector. In our research we are presenting a different approach to PPP, where the private sector acts exclusively as a funder of the project, not sharing risks or decisional power. The controversial case of the Colosseum makes us understand how the sponsorship of the restoration of cultural heritage sites can become the new frontier of Public Private Partnership, but also the importance of transparency in the selection process of partners and of the dialogue with the public opinion. Moreover, the real question is, where to draw the limit for sponsorships, and what may or may not be offered to partners in exchange for their financial support.
The Future City of Africa - presentation and invitation (startups & EXPO)Jens Kjærgaard
The document summarizes an upcoming conference called the Future City of Africa that will take place in Nairobi, Kenya from June 9-11, 2016. It aims to bring together the brightest minds in technology, urban planning, and business to discuss solutions for building sustainable cities across Africa to accommodate 700 million new urban residents by 2050. The conference will focus on themes like smart cities, infrastructure, urban planning, and citizen engagement. It hopes to inspire innovation and new partnerships to address Africa's rapid urbanization in a way that leapfrogs old models and creates new, African-centered solutions for the future of the continent's cities.
The document announces the Dubai International Art Symposium organized by the Rashid Paediatric Therapy Centre from October 1-8, 2013 in Dubai. The symposium aims to enhance communication between artists and the community and promote the contribution of art to social issues. It will also contribute to cultural dialogue between Arab and world cultures. The first session will pay tribute to Salvador Dali, recognizing his brilliant historical work.
Scotland is attracting international fintech companies for several reasons: it has a history of innovation, a highly skilled workforce from its universities, a strong financial services industry, and a supportive environment for investment and collaboration. Specifically, Edinburgh has developed into a major fintech hub due to its concentration of financial institutions, technology talent, and academic research in areas like data science. The Scottish government and economic development agencies provide various resources to help fintechs establish operations, including connections to academic experts, workforce training, financial support, and business networking opportunities.
This document summarizes the chairman's thoughts after driving through the coastal town of Sekondi in Ghana. He notes the well-planned layout and historic buildings but is saddened by the decay. He calls a local leader about the need for restoration but is met with indifference. Reflecting in the car ride home, he feels tired from trying to balance practice with activism. However, a call from Uncle Nat revives his passion, insisting that heritage towns like Sekondi must rediscover themselves by appreciating their culture and regenerating from within through integrating tradition with modernity.
Economies in Transition: Leveraing Cultural Assets for Prosperityes In Transi...Emily Robson
Presentation delivered by Peter Kenyon, Director of Bank of I.D.E.A.S in Perth, Australia. The presentation explores asset-based community development projects in rural and remote Australia and New Zealand. The presentation was delivered to The Ontario Rural Council's municipal cultural planning forum
Final publication "Crafts and design in Europe"StephGille
The document describes a crafts and design program funded by the European Commission that included three masterclasses and study visits focused on wool, wood, and ceramics. The first masterclass was hosted in France and focused on wool, allowing 16 professionals to experiment with wool techniques. Following the masterclasses, study visits were organized in Paris, Madrid, and Dublin related to wood, ceramics, and textiles respectively. The program aimed to promote craft skills, networking, and mobility across Europe to keep traditional knowledge and culture alive for future generations.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES BETWEEN QUEBEC AND SCOTLAND TOURISM MARKETINGGERONIMI
One of my private conference done in 2003 in Glasgow University during an interview.
Geronimi M., 2003, “Quebec and Scotland, a comparative perspective on the WEB “Séminaire du Département du Scottish Hotel School, Glasgow, Université de Strathclyde, 3 Juin
Creative City Making - Collaboration and Innovation as Drivers for Positive C...Gillian Easson
Creative City Making: Collaboration and Innovation as Drivers for Positive Change discusses how Dundee, Scotland has used creative collaboration and partnerships to drive regeneration. Dundee has created networks to connect creative communities, repurposed industrial spaces into creative clusters, capitalized on the city's assets through public art, used digital placemaking tools like crowd-sourced guides, and co-curated cultural experiences with citizens. The document argues collaboration that uses everyone's strengths and shares rewards has helped amplify Dundee's talent and shine a spotlight on the city.
Scotland Business Tourism & Events Conference 2009 V1David Hornby
This document discusses strategies for maximizing the business benefits of major sporting events for London. It outlines insights on international visitor numbers and demographics. The document emphasizes developing infrastructure and facilities, as well as community involvement. It also provides examples of major sporting events taking place in the UK through 2020 and lessons learned from London 2012, including legacy benefits for tourism and economic impacts. Critical success factors identified include setting objectives, sustained funding, partnerships, and ensuring the whole city and country benefit.
07. Iolanda Pensa, Heritage Management 2018. Services and interpretationIolanda Pensa
The document provides information on planning the Wikimania conference held in Esino Lario, Italy in 2016. It discusses logistics like transportation, accommodations, venues, and connectivity. It also includes maps of the area showing important locations and proposed fiber optic cable routes to improve internet access. Photos from the event show attendees and venues. Information on heritage interpretation, visitor management, and revenue sources for heritage sites is also presented as relevant context.
Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand with over 1.3 million residents. It is known for its natural beauty, multicultural population, and as the "City of Sails". A brand analysis found Auckland's identity is centered around outdoor activities and sports, with icons like the Sky Tower and harbor bridge. Its essence is nature and surroundings. Suggestions to improve Auckland include better public transport, protected architecture, and developing the waterfront and cultural events to strengthen the economy. Communication of Auckland's character worldwide could also help tourism.
“Our shows receive the best promotion in the business – guaranteed! We are the ONLY event to promise that a minimum of 20% of stand revenues will be reinvested in promoting the event and we consistently deliver the numbers! Using Google, social networks, email campaigns, specialist press and other media we provide the best quality candidates for our exhibitors” www.studyinternationalevents.co.uk
Exhibition Making Douala: Traveling Exhibition Triennial SUD: addressing publ...Iolanda Pensa
This document provides information about the "Making Douala 2007-2013" traveling exhibition that will take place from April 20th to June 1st in Douala, Cameroon. The exhibition showcases public art projects from the Salon Urbain de Douala triennials between 2007-2013 that helped build a sense of citizenship in Douala through contemporary art in public spaces. It includes posters, photos, films and images from over 20 art projects from the triennials.
Expo 2020 Dubai is expected to be the largest World Expo in history, with 25 million visits expected over its 6 month duration. It will be held in Dubai, UAE from October 2020 to April 2021, with the theme of "Connecting Minds, Creating the Future". The Expo will feature 192 country pavilions showcasing innovation and culture. It is aimed at promoting global cooperation and generating economic and social impact through connectivity.
Here is a 3 paragraph, 453-word essay on FC Barcelona:
[Paragraph 1]
FC Barcelona is one of the most successful football clubs in the world. Founded in 1899 by Swiss businessman Joan Gamper, Barcelona has grown to be adored by millions of fans globally. Based in Barcelona, Catalonia, the club is more than just a football team - it is a symbol of Catalan culture and pride. Throughout its history, Barcelona has developed a unique style of play focused on possession, known as "tiki-taka". This approach has led them to win numerous trophies at both domestic and European levels.
[Paragraph 2]
Some of Barcelona's greatest players include Johan Cruyff
Heritage Management - 04. interpretations and servicesIolanda Pensa
This document provides an overview of concepts and elements related to planning and managing heritage tourism at Wikimania Esino Lario in 2016. It outlines key topics such as stakeholders, interpretation, target groups, services, and a SWOT analysis. Details include transportation and accommodation options, venues used, connectivity upgrades, and photos of the event spaces. Metrics such as attendance numbers and interpretation principles are also presented.
The Digital Research and Development Fund for Arts and Culture in Scotland is a partnership between Creative Scotland, Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and NESTA to support arts and cultural organisations across Scotland who want to work with digital technologies to expand their audience reach and engagement and/or explore new business models.
NESTA ran a series of Digital Day events across Scotland aimed at arts/cultural organisations and digital providers to provide information on the Digital R&D Fund for Arts and Culture Scotland;and encourage new collaborations between arts and cultural organisations and technology companies.
We have made all speaker presentations available at: nesta.org.uk/digital_rnd_scotland
The document provides an overview of a presentation given on October 18, 2018 at SUPSI on developments in social work. It discusses research conducted on cultural events and public art in Douala, Luanda, and Johannesburg between 1991-2013. The research aimed to document and map these cultural productions, and assess their impact on urban safety. It found that while the arts provide an experimental space, cultural events and public art can both positively and negatively impact safety, including through forced evictions. Land ownership was also found to influence the impact and community engagement of such projects.
Cape Town's bid for World Design Capital 2014guylundy
Cape Town's bid for World Design Capital 2014 : presented to Accelerate Cape Town Member Meeting, 13 May 2011, by Bulelwa Ngewana-Makalima, MD of the Cape Town Partnership.
The role of public art in making visible the invisible in DoualaMarta Pucciarelli
The role of public art in making visible the invisible in Douala.
Marta Pucciarelli, researcher
Laboratory of visual culture, Department for Environment Constructions and Design, SUPSI University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland
La Nouvelle Liberté by Joseph-Francis Sumégné is the first public artwork produced in Douala: a majestic sculpture of twelve-meter tall made from scrap metal representing a man standing on holding a globe on his head. It was installed in 2007 in the neighborhood of Deïdo, in the middle of one of the most traffic roundabout of the city, a reference entry and exit point to/from the Douala. Since its installation, the work by Sumégné has been extensively documented online with articles, multimedia images and videos on Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, and Wikidata and it is one of the most visited and commented “things to do” suggested on TripAdvisor in Douala (Pucciarelli and Vannini 2017).
Based on a research that explored the (mis)alignment of the digital city of Douala with the physical one, this article argues that the presence of public art and its online documentation allows to give a voice to neighbourhoods that would otherwise be invisible with the digital landscape. Data has been collected during an ethnographic study in Douala 2013 and an online analysis of 130 User Generated Content on TripAdvisor in 2016 and a comparative analysis of online and offline social representation (Moscovici 1988) of the city by citizens and foreigners has been conducted.
The geographic comparison between local and foreigners’ representations of Douala sheds light that out of 20 touristic neighbourhoods suggested by locals, foreigners visit just four of them (out of a total of 118 of the city), three of which clearly mirror the urban polarization between the richest and poorest areas of the city. However, the neighbourhood of Deïdo, is an interesting exception: it is mutually considered by locals and foreigners as a dangerous place, a crowded area, characterized by bad circulation and urban degradation (Pucciarelli and Vannini 2017). The presence of the La Nouvelle Liberté and its relative description on TripAdvisor, makes foreigners move out of their safe areas to enter into a neighbourhood that otherwise would not attract visits.
Public art and its online presence has an important role in shaping the image of the city of Douala, both from locals and foreigners’ perspective: it allows people to linger in a place, to observe it, to discuss it, and not pass beyond it. Furthermore, the presence of public art stimulates the exchange of knowledge between locals and foreigners, the latter interested in exploring, visiting and online reviewing places where they would otherwise hardly enter. This article suggests that public art in Douala creates new space of interactions between online and offline representations of the city, showing overlapping of social narratives and practices around cultural places.
This document discusses the development of creative tourism. It begins by looking at how creativity has become a response to challenges in cultural tourism through initiatives like iconic architecture and mega-events. It then examines how tourists are increasingly seeking authentic, distinctive experiences where they can actively participate in the local culture through activities like arts, crafts, and cooking. The definition of creative tourism as experiences that allow visitors to develop their creative skills while learning about the destination is provided. Finally, opportunities to increase creative tourism are discussed, like developing networks of producers and experiences, and linking a destination's distinctive features to broader networks.
Pensa-OS-ADM Open Science for arts, design and music at HES-SOIolanda Pensa
Iolanda Pensa, Le partage des données dans les domaines artistiques in Open research data: pratiques et défis pour les domaines artistiques Design et Arts visuels Musique et Arts de la scène, HES-SO, online 16/05/2024, CC BY 4.0.
Scotland is attracting international fintech companies for several reasons: it has a history of innovation, a highly skilled workforce from its universities, a strong financial services industry, and a supportive environment for investment and collaboration. Specifically, Edinburgh has developed into a major fintech hub due to its concentration of financial institutions, technology talent, and academic research in areas like data science. The Scottish government and economic development agencies provide various resources to help fintechs establish operations, including connections to academic experts, workforce training, financial support, and business networking opportunities.
This document summarizes the chairman's thoughts after driving through the coastal town of Sekondi in Ghana. He notes the well-planned layout and historic buildings but is saddened by the decay. He calls a local leader about the need for restoration but is met with indifference. Reflecting in the car ride home, he feels tired from trying to balance practice with activism. However, a call from Uncle Nat revives his passion, insisting that heritage towns like Sekondi must rediscover themselves by appreciating their culture and regenerating from within through integrating tradition with modernity.
Economies in Transition: Leveraing Cultural Assets for Prosperityes In Transi...Emily Robson
Presentation delivered by Peter Kenyon, Director of Bank of I.D.E.A.S in Perth, Australia. The presentation explores asset-based community development projects in rural and remote Australia and New Zealand. The presentation was delivered to The Ontario Rural Council's municipal cultural planning forum
Final publication "Crafts and design in Europe"StephGille
The document describes a crafts and design program funded by the European Commission that included three masterclasses and study visits focused on wool, wood, and ceramics. The first masterclass was hosted in France and focused on wool, allowing 16 professionals to experiment with wool techniques. Following the masterclasses, study visits were organized in Paris, Madrid, and Dublin related to wood, ceramics, and textiles respectively. The program aimed to promote craft skills, networking, and mobility across Europe to keep traditional knowledge and culture alive for future generations.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES BETWEEN QUEBEC AND SCOTLAND TOURISM MARKETINGGERONIMI
One of my private conference done in 2003 in Glasgow University during an interview.
Geronimi M., 2003, “Quebec and Scotland, a comparative perspective on the WEB “Séminaire du Département du Scottish Hotel School, Glasgow, Université de Strathclyde, 3 Juin
Creative City Making - Collaboration and Innovation as Drivers for Positive C...Gillian Easson
Creative City Making: Collaboration and Innovation as Drivers for Positive Change discusses how Dundee, Scotland has used creative collaboration and partnerships to drive regeneration. Dundee has created networks to connect creative communities, repurposed industrial spaces into creative clusters, capitalized on the city's assets through public art, used digital placemaking tools like crowd-sourced guides, and co-curated cultural experiences with citizens. The document argues collaboration that uses everyone's strengths and shares rewards has helped amplify Dundee's talent and shine a spotlight on the city.
Scotland Business Tourism & Events Conference 2009 V1David Hornby
This document discusses strategies for maximizing the business benefits of major sporting events for London. It outlines insights on international visitor numbers and demographics. The document emphasizes developing infrastructure and facilities, as well as community involvement. It also provides examples of major sporting events taking place in the UK through 2020 and lessons learned from London 2012, including legacy benefits for tourism and economic impacts. Critical success factors identified include setting objectives, sustained funding, partnerships, and ensuring the whole city and country benefit.
07. Iolanda Pensa, Heritage Management 2018. Services and interpretationIolanda Pensa
The document provides information on planning the Wikimania conference held in Esino Lario, Italy in 2016. It discusses logistics like transportation, accommodations, venues, and connectivity. It also includes maps of the area showing important locations and proposed fiber optic cable routes to improve internet access. Photos from the event show attendees and venues. Information on heritage interpretation, visitor management, and revenue sources for heritage sites is also presented as relevant context.
Auckland is the largest city in New Zealand with over 1.3 million residents. It is known for its natural beauty, multicultural population, and as the "City of Sails". A brand analysis found Auckland's identity is centered around outdoor activities and sports, with icons like the Sky Tower and harbor bridge. Its essence is nature and surroundings. Suggestions to improve Auckland include better public transport, protected architecture, and developing the waterfront and cultural events to strengthen the economy. Communication of Auckland's character worldwide could also help tourism.
“Our shows receive the best promotion in the business – guaranteed! We are the ONLY event to promise that a minimum of 20% of stand revenues will be reinvested in promoting the event and we consistently deliver the numbers! Using Google, social networks, email campaigns, specialist press and other media we provide the best quality candidates for our exhibitors” www.studyinternationalevents.co.uk
Exhibition Making Douala: Traveling Exhibition Triennial SUD: addressing publ...Iolanda Pensa
This document provides information about the "Making Douala 2007-2013" traveling exhibition that will take place from April 20th to June 1st in Douala, Cameroon. The exhibition showcases public art projects from the Salon Urbain de Douala triennials between 2007-2013 that helped build a sense of citizenship in Douala through contemporary art in public spaces. It includes posters, photos, films and images from over 20 art projects from the triennials.
Expo 2020 Dubai is expected to be the largest World Expo in history, with 25 million visits expected over its 6 month duration. It will be held in Dubai, UAE from October 2020 to April 2021, with the theme of "Connecting Minds, Creating the Future". The Expo will feature 192 country pavilions showcasing innovation and culture. It is aimed at promoting global cooperation and generating economic and social impact through connectivity.
Here is a 3 paragraph, 453-word essay on FC Barcelona:
[Paragraph 1]
FC Barcelona is one of the most successful football clubs in the world. Founded in 1899 by Swiss businessman Joan Gamper, Barcelona has grown to be adored by millions of fans globally. Based in Barcelona, Catalonia, the club is more than just a football team - it is a symbol of Catalan culture and pride. Throughout its history, Barcelona has developed a unique style of play focused on possession, known as "tiki-taka". This approach has led them to win numerous trophies at both domestic and European levels.
[Paragraph 2]
Some of Barcelona's greatest players include Johan Cruyff
Heritage Management - 04. interpretations and servicesIolanda Pensa
This document provides an overview of concepts and elements related to planning and managing heritage tourism at Wikimania Esino Lario in 2016. It outlines key topics such as stakeholders, interpretation, target groups, services, and a SWOT analysis. Details include transportation and accommodation options, venues used, connectivity upgrades, and photos of the event spaces. Metrics such as attendance numbers and interpretation principles are also presented.
The Digital Research and Development Fund for Arts and Culture in Scotland is a partnership between Creative Scotland, Arts & Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and NESTA to support arts and cultural organisations across Scotland who want to work with digital technologies to expand their audience reach and engagement and/or explore new business models.
NESTA ran a series of Digital Day events across Scotland aimed at arts/cultural organisations and digital providers to provide information on the Digital R&D Fund for Arts and Culture Scotland;and encourage new collaborations between arts and cultural organisations and technology companies.
We have made all speaker presentations available at: nesta.org.uk/digital_rnd_scotland
The document provides an overview of a presentation given on October 18, 2018 at SUPSI on developments in social work. It discusses research conducted on cultural events and public art in Douala, Luanda, and Johannesburg between 1991-2013. The research aimed to document and map these cultural productions, and assess their impact on urban safety. It found that while the arts provide an experimental space, cultural events and public art can both positively and negatively impact safety, including through forced evictions. Land ownership was also found to influence the impact and community engagement of such projects.
Cape Town's bid for World Design Capital 2014guylundy
Cape Town's bid for World Design Capital 2014 : presented to Accelerate Cape Town Member Meeting, 13 May 2011, by Bulelwa Ngewana-Makalima, MD of the Cape Town Partnership.
The role of public art in making visible the invisible in DoualaMarta Pucciarelli
The role of public art in making visible the invisible in Douala.
Marta Pucciarelli, researcher
Laboratory of visual culture, Department for Environment Constructions and Design, SUPSI University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland
La Nouvelle Liberté by Joseph-Francis Sumégné is the first public artwork produced in Douala: a majestic sculpture of twelve-meter tall made from scrap metal representing a man standing on holding a globe on his head. It was installed in 2007 in the neighborhood of Deïdo, in the middle of one of the most traffic roundabout of the city, a reference entry and exit point to/from the Douala. Since its installation, the work by Sumégné has been extensively documented online with articles, multimedia images and videos on Wikipedia, Wikimedia Commons, and Wikidata and it is one of the most visited and commented “things to do” suggested on TripAdvisor in Douala (Pucciarelli and Vannini 2017).
Based on a research that explored the (mis)alignment of the digital city of Douala with the physical one, this article argues that the presence of public art and its online documentation allows to give a voice to neighbourhoods that would otherwise be invisible with the digital landscape. Data has been collected during an ethnographic study in Douala 2013 and an online analysis of 130 User Generated Content on TripAdvisor in 2016 and a comparative analysis of online and offline social representation (Moscovici 1988) of the city by citizens and foreigners has been conducted.
The geographic comparison between local and foreigners’ representations of Douala sheds light that out of 20 touristic neighbourhoods suggested by locals, foreigners visit just four of them (out of a total of 118 of the city), three of which clearly mirror the urban polarization between the richest and poorest areas of the city. However, the neighbourhood of Deïdo, is an interesting exception: it is mutually considered by locals and foreigners as a dangerous place, a crowded area, characterized by bad circulation and urban degradation (Pucciarelli and Vannini 2017). The presence of the La Nouvelle Liberté and its relative description on TripAdvisor, makes foreigners move out of their safe areas to enter into a neighbourhood that otherwise would not attract visits.
Public art and its online presence has an important role in shaping the image of the city of Douala, both from locals and foreigners’ perspective: it allows people to linger in a place, to observe it, to discuss it, and not pass beyond it. Furthermore, the presence of public art stimulates the exchange of knowledge between locals and foreigners, the latter interested in exploring, visiting and online reviewing places where they would otherwise hardly enter. This article suggests that public art in Douala creates new space of interactions between online and offline representations of the city, showing overlapping of social narratives and practices around cultural places.
This document discusses the development of creative tourism. It begins by looking at how creativity has become a response to challenges in cultural tourism through initiatives like iconic architecture and mega-events. It then examines how tourists are increasingly seeking authentic, distinctive experiences where they can actively participate in the local culture through activities like arts, crafts, and cooking. The definition of creative tourism as experiences that allow visitors to develop their creative skills while learning about the destination is provided. Finally, opportunities to increase creative tourism are discussed, like developing networks of producers and experiences, and linking a destination's distinctive features to broader networks.
Similar to 08. Iolanda Pensa, Heritage Management 2018, Stakeholders (20)
Pensa-OS-ADM Open Science for arts, design and music at HES-SOIolanda Pensa
Iolanda Pensa, Le partage des données dans les domaines artistiques in Open research data: pratiques et défis pour les domaines artistiques Design et Arts visuels Musique et Arts de la scène, HES-SO, online 16/05/2024, CC BY 4.0.
Open access, Creative Commons e Wikipedia per le istituzioni culturaliIolanda Pensa
Iolanda Pensa, Open access, Creative Commons e Wikipedia per le istituzioni culturali, within the webinar programme "Conversioni" curated by Eleonora Pantò and organised by "Sapere digitale" directed by Augursta Giovannoni, online, 26/03/2024.
Open access, Creative Commons e Wikipedia per le istituzioni culturali
Sempre più musei, archivi e biblioteche nel mondo aprono i loro contenuti a vantaggio dei cittadini, rendendo disponibili le riproduzioni digitali delle loro collezioni in pubblico dominio e rilasciando la loro produzione di ricerca e materiali educativi con licenze libere. Questa presentazione raconta il progetto Empowering Italian GLAMs che ha invitato nel 2022-2024 tutti i musei italiani nell’adottare l’open access e mostra una serie di visualizzazioni che permettono di osservare il patrimonio e le istituzioni culturali italiane sui progetti Wikimedia e in particolare su Wikidata e Wikimedia Commons.
Iolanda Pensa, Wikimedia projects and OpenStreetMap as an Open Research Infrastructure, 03 February 2024, FOSDEM, Bruxelles, CC BY-SA 4.0
The Wikimedia and OpenStreetMap projects are an existing free software infrastructure that already produces citizen science and can be used by researchers to share and co-produce data and to produce - and reproduce - the results of research. The presentation specifically refers to the potential of data related to cultural heritage for studies in the humanities and in particular in museology, art, art history and history of architecture.
Pensa GLAM Wiki Conference - Empowering GLAMsIolanda Pensa
Iolanda Pensa, 100'000 institutions on the Wikimedia projects: A strategy to activate in a simple way all the institutions around the world, pre-recorded contribution to the conference GLAM Wiki Conference 2023, Uruguay, 10/11/2023.
Iolanda Pensa, OS-ADM Open Science for Arts Design and Music for swissuniversities 2023. OA Panel on Insights and Learnings Based on the Intermediary Reviews: Projects OA Calls 211, 212 and 221, swissuniversities, online, 17/10/2023.
This document discusses various efforts to rewrite and improve access to history and knowledge through open collaboration on Wikipedia and related projects. It mentions initiatives like Wikipedia Primary School, which aims to provide information to complete primary education curriculums on Wikipedia. It also discusses the importance of using open licenses to enable collaboration and ensuring content on Wikipedia and other Wikimedia projects is freely reusable and editable by all. Overall, the document advocates for more contributions of content and translations from diverse communities and institutions to make knowledge on Wikipedia as inclusive and accessible as possible.
The document discusses several resources related to provenance research, decolonization of museums, and the restitution of cultural artifacts. It provides links to websites about the definition of museums, a French government report on returning African cultural heritage, digital collections from Benin and West Africa, and international resources on Holocaust-era provenance research. It also links to pages on indigenous rights, care of collections, and decolonizing knowledge. The photos depict artworks and exhibitions related to issues of cultural heritage, colonialism, and repatriation.
The participation at future Wikimania. Iolanda Pensa (introduction and moderator) with Phoebe Ayers, Gnangarra, Martin Rulsch and Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz, Wikimania Singapore, 19/08/2023, CC BY-SA 4.0.
100,000 institutions on the Wikimedia projectsIolanda Pensa
Pensa, Iolanda. 100,000 institutions on the Wikimedia projects. A new strategy to activate in a simple way all the institutions around the world, Wikimania Singapore, 18/08/2023, CC BY-SA 4.0. Presentation with the participation of Dario Crespi.
Pensa-Open Access e comunicazione istituzionale.pdfIolanda Pensa
Iolanda Pensa. (2023, May 17). Open access e comunicazione istituzionale. Open Science for Arts Design and Music (OS-ADM), SUPSI Mendrisio. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7944427
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
1. Critical analysis
1.The Concept of Heritage
2. Structure of a Proposal
3. Implications of Heritage
4. Legislation and Copyright
5. Critical Analysis
6. Context Analysis
7. Services and Interpretations
8. Stakeholders
9.Target Groups
10.Authenticity
Map a territory (identify heritage)
Context analysis proposal budget
Analyse Message(s) promoted
Identify legislation and rights
SWOT
References and Wikipedia
Identify Services
Identify Stakeholders
Analyze Target groups involved
Identify Existing Gaps
Lessons Assignment Competence
As-is analysis
Critical analysis
As-is analysis
Critical analysis
Estimated time 20 hours
Concepts and proposal
Iolanda Pensa, Heritage Management, Università di Bergamo, 2018.
iolanda.pensa@supsi.ch - http://iopensa.it
2.
3.
4. World Heritage
Heritage is our legacy from the past,
what we live with today,
and what we pass on to future generations.
Our cultural and natural heritage
are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.
http://whc.unesco.org/en/about/
5. Industrialisation/modernisation
Nationalism and collective nostalgia
Scientific and educative importance
Heritage is good economics
Artist and aesthetic value
Environmental diversity
Heritage as functional resource
Reasons to conserve the past
Source:Adapted from Timothy & Boyd, Heritage Tourism, 2003, p.88-93
6. Unesco
Global Heritage Fund
World Monuments Funds
ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites
European Union
Europa Nostra
Italy
FAI Fondo Ambiente Italiano (UK National Trust for Places of Historic
Interest or Natural Beauty)
Spain - France - Germany - Finland - Iran - South Africa - Namibia…
Definitions of Heritage
Definition of Heritage Scope/Mandate Support
(links)
Source
(law, convention, charter)
Keywords
21
7. Example of your map
Assignment: Map HeritageIdentify Heritage/Stakeholders
41. € 0
€ 22’500
€ 45’000
€ 67’500
€ 90’000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
NL DE USA ES FR IT BE UK ZW CH Int EU UNESCO Crowd CM
Prince Claus Award, NL
The Netherlands
SUD 2010 SUD 2013SUD 2007
Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&UrbisArs&Urbis
Partnership
iStrike Foundation, NL
Partnership
ICU Art Projects, NL
Germany
FR
FR
Cameroon
doual’art - Rapport d’audit des états financiers.Analysis based on countries.
42. doual’art - Financial reports.
0
65000
130000
195000
260000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
SUD 2010 SUD 2013SUD 2007
Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis Ars&Urbis
Prince Claus Award
43. The Netherlands
€ 0
€ 22’500
€ 45’000
€ 67’500
€ 90’000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
doual’art - Rapport d’audit des états financiers.The Netherlands:Arts Collaboratory and Prince Claus Fund.
Arts Collaboratory
€ 0
€ 22’500
€ 45’000
€ 67’500
€ 90’000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Prince Claus Fund
€ 0
€ 22’500
€ 45’000
€ 67’500
€ 90’000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Prince Claus Award
44. Culture and Development - Cult&Dev
Cultural cooperation - Cult-coop
Arts Collaboratory Prince Claus Fund Arts Initiatives Gasworks
Mondriaan Foundation Goethe Institut
Culture - Cult
Development - Dev
Cooperation - Coop
BKVB
EED
GIZGerman Embassy
Casa Africa
AECID
Cultures France
FNAC/French Embassy
IRCOD
French Institute of Cameroon
SUPSI
ResearchEducation
lettera27 Orange Foundation
doual’art income.This overview does not include Crowdfunding (- Crowd), Sponsors and Services.Also partnerships and in-kind contributions are not included.
Flemish Institute of Culture
Philip AguirréBozarTate Modern First Floor Gallery
Arterial Network
ACP-EU UNESCO
Ministry of Culture (Cameroon)
CUD (City of Douala)
45. € 0
€ 260’000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
doual’art - Financial reports and some of the resources not included in the financial reports.
Partners
In-kind contributions
Networks
Volunteer work
Technical support
Access to content
Participation
Personal commitment
Authorizations
Maintenance
48. People and institutions can actively intervene
A vision can produce heritage by defining it
Heritage is selected and highlighted by someone
We interpret/frame heritage
Contemporary production can contribute to highlight/interpret heritage
Funds for culture are less than funds for… basically anything else
It is not only a matter of funds
Activate networks (if you really need them)
Understand keywords
Production is a gatekeeper
Land also determines the network you need
doual’art in Douala
49. !
Mobile A2k
Culture and Safety in Africa
Design practices for urban
safety and security, Venice
17.10.13
50. Bessengué
Neighborhood
Overview
Bessengué is a neighborhood of Douala
located between Akwa, the main commercial
centre of Douala, and Deido, an autochthon
residential area of the city. It is divided in five
administrative blocks, headed by the chief
Maurice Eyango Mandengue. The
neighborhood is densely populated with limited
access to running water, trash disposal,
electricity and drainage.
Coordinates Douala Cameroon
Timeline
2000 “Atelier Urbaines de Bessengué”
2002 “Bessengué city”
Borne Fontaine
The Passerelle
Artworks:
Radio Bessengue (ephemeral)
Bouquet de souris (ephemeral)
Borne Fontaine (permanent)
The Passerelle (permanent)
Facts
1. A new squared area between the bridge and the borne fontaine is now open
with new business activities.
2. Creation of the Development Committee of Bessengué. Thanks to the
committee the neighborhood has receive fundings from the World Bank.
3. Two water pumps have been installed into the second and third blocks of the
Bessengué.
4. With the fee from the rent of the Borne Fontaine shop (15.000 CFA for month)
the CDB can support the costs of small maintenance services
5. The curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to midnight p.m.
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
51. Bessengué
Evidences
Extract from Interview....
“Creation of the Development Committee of Bessengué Two water
pumps have been installed into the second and third blocks of the
Bessengué with the fee from the rent of the Borne Fontaine shop
(15.000 CFA for month) the CDB can support the costs of small
maintenance services opened a new squared area between the bridge
and the borne fontaine the curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to
midnight p.m.”
Related facts
– the curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to midnight p.m.
Related key findings
– the acceleration of development activities (services and
infrastructures)
Marta Pucciarelli, Field research Douala, December 2012.
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
52. Bessengue
Key findings
The process of producing the artworks and the necessity of negotiating with land
owners have required the engagement of the community, which has lead to the
establishment of a stable group.
Existing and new businesses have been growing in the the area.
Increased value of the land/place.
Sense of shared space.
Sense of ownership.
Keywords
Community, engagement, maintenance, neglected area, infrastructures,
development, workshops, permanent, discussions, meetings, business,
fundings, urban planning, clean water supply, streets, renewing the image of a
neighborhood, value, ownership, new community-based initiatives, new artists-
lead initiatives, urban research
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
53. New Bell
Neighborhood
Overview
Bessengué is a neighborhood of Douala
located between Akwa, the main commercial
centre of Douala, and Deido, an autochthon
residential area of the city. It is divided in five
administrative blocks, headed by the chief
Maurice Eyango Mandengue. The
neighborhood is densely populated with limited
access to running water, trash disposal,
electricity and drainage.
Timeline
2000 “Atelier Urbaines de Bessengué”
2002 “Bessengué city”
Borne Fontaine
The Passerelle
Artworks:
Radio Bessengue (ephemeral)
Bouquet de souris (ephemeral)
Borne Fontaine (permanent)
The Passerelle (permanent)
Typology:
– Monuments
Facts
1. Creation of the Development Committee of Bessengué
2. Two water pumps have been installed into the second and third blocks of the
Bessengué
3. with the fee from the rent of the Borne Fontaine shop (15.000 CFA for month)
the CDB can support the costs of small maintenance services
4. opened a new squared area between the bridge and the borne fontaine
5. the curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to midnight p.m.
Coordinates Douala Cameroon
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
54. La Nouvelle Liberté
Monumental artwork
Overview
Bessengué is a neighborhood of Douala
located between Akwa, the main commercial
centre of Douala, and Deido, an autochthon
residential area of the city. It is divided in five
administrative blocks, headed by the chief
Maurice Eyango Mandengue. The
neighborhood is densely populated with limited
access to running water, trash disposal,
electricity and drainage.
Timeline
2000 “Atelier Urbaines de Bessengué” (2000)
2002 “Bessengué city”
Artworks:
Radio Bessengue (ephemeral)
Bouquet de souris (ephemeral)
Borne Fontaine (permanent)
The Passerelle (permanent)
Typology:
– Monuments
Facts
1. The production and installation of the work has produced local media
coverage and the rise of public opinion (supporting the work or in conflict with it.
2. The city council was forced by the public opinion to improve the maintenance
of the area.
3. Informal traders have been removed from the monument surroundings; new
businesses around the area.
Coordinates Douala Cameroon
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
55. La Nouvelle Liberté
Key findings
Landmark of the city.
The production and installation of the work has produced conflictual reactions.
Keywords
Public opinion, maintenance, role of the city council, monumental, landmark,
permanent, discussions, meetings, conflicts, media coverage, business,
renewing the image of the city, ownership
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
57. Oasis
Proximity artwork
Overview
Bessengué is a neighborhood of Douala
located between Akwa, the main commercial
centre of Douala, and Deido, an autochthon
residential area of the city. It is divided in five
administrative blocks, headed by the chief
Maurice Eyango Mandengue. The
neighborhood is densely populated with limited
access to running water, trash disposal,
electricity and drainage.
Timeline
2000 “Atelier Urbaines de Bessengué” (2000)
2002 “Bessengué city”
Typology:
– Monuments
Facts
1. Creation of the Development Committee of Bessengué
2. Two water pumps have been installed into the second and third blocks of the
Bessengué
3. with the fee from the rent of the Borne Fontaine shop (15.000 CFA for month)
the CDB can support the costs of small maintenance services
4. opened a new squared area between the bridge and the borne fontaine
5. the curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to midnight p.m.
Coordinates Douala Cameroon
Artist
Tracey Rose
Typology:
– Monuments
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
59. Les mots écrits de New Bell
Overview
Bessengué is a neighborhood of Douala
located between Akwa, the main commercial
centre of Douala, and Deido, an autochthon
residential area of the city. It is divided in five
administrative blocks, headed by the chief
Maurice Eyango Mandengue. The
neighborhood is densely populated with limited
access to running water, trash disposal,
electricity and drainage.
Timeline
2003 The Ministry of Culture invites Fernando Alvim to lead a
major exhibition project
2006 December-March 2007 Trienal de Luanda Edition I
2010 September-December Trienal de Luanda Edition II
Artworks:
Radio Bessengue (ephemeral)
Bouquet de souris (ephemeral)
Borne Fontaine (permanent)
The Passerelle (permanent)
Typology:
– Monuments
Facts
1. Creation of the Development Committee of Bessengué
2. Two water pumps have been installed into the second and third blocks of the
Bessengué
3. with the fee from the rent of the Borne Fontaine shop (15.000 CFA for month)
the CDB can support the costs of small maintenance services
4. opened a new squared area between the bridge and the borne fontaine
5. the curfew hours are shifts from 7 p.m. to midnight p.m.
Coordinates Douala Cameroon
Marta Pucciarelli, Report Douala in Culture and Safety in Africa, 2013. Curator Iolanda Pensa.
67. World Heritage
Heritage is our legacy from the past,
what we live with today,
and what we pass on to future generations.
Our cultural and natural heritage
are both irreplaceable sources of life and inspiration.
http://whc.unesco.org/en/about/
68. Industrialisation/modernisation
Nationalism and collective nostalgia
Scientific and educative importance
Heritage is good economics
Artist and aesthetic value
Environmental diversity
Heritage as functional resource
Reasons to conserve the past
Source:Adapted from Timothy & Boyd, Heritage Tourism, 2003, p.88-93
69. Unesco
Global Heritage Fund
World Monuments Funds
ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites
European Union
Europa Nostra
Italy
FAI Fondo Ambiente Italiano (UK National Trust for Places of Historic
Interest or Natural Beauty)
Spain - France - Germany - Finland - Iran - South Africa - Namibia…
Definitions of Heritage
Definition of Heritage Scope/Mandate Support
(links)
Source
(law, convention, charter)
Keywords
21
70. The cultural heritage of the European Union is a rich and diverse mosaic of cultural and
creative expressions, our inheritance from previous generations of Europeans and our
legacy for those to come.
It includes natural, built and archaeological sites, museums; monuments, artworks; historic
cities; literary, musical, and audiovisual works, and the knowledge, practices and traditions
of European citizens.
Cultural heritage enriches the individual lives of citizens, is a driving force for the cultural
and creative sectors, and plays a role in creating and enhancing Europe's social capital.
It is also an important resource for economic growth, employment and social cohesion,
offering the potential to revitalise urban and rural areas and promote sustainable
tourism.
While policy in this area is primarily the responsibility of Member States, regional and
local authorities, the EU is committed to safeguarding and enhancing Europe's cultural
heritage through a number of policies and programmes.
Article 3.3 of the Lisbon Treaty 2007
“The Union shall respect its rich cultural and linguistic diversity, and [...] ensure that Europe’s
cultural heritage is safeguarded and enhanced”.
https://ec.europa.eu/culture/policy/culture-policies/cultural-heritage_en
European Union
71. World Heritage Convention Paris 1972
For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "cultural heritage”:
monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or
structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features,
which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;
groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their
architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value
from the point of view of history, art or science;
sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological
sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or
anthropological point of view.
For the purposes of this Convention, the following shall be considered as "natural heritage”:
natural features consisting of physical and biological formations or groups of such formations,
which are of outstanding universal value from the aesthetic or scientific point of view;
geological and physiographical formations and precisely delineated areas which
constitute the habitat of threatened species of animals and plants of outstanding universal value
from the point of view of science or conservation;
natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas of outstanding universal value from the point
of view of science, conservation or natural beauty.
72. Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage is a UNESCO
treaty adopted by the UNESCO General Conference on 17 October 2003
Intangible cultural heritage is:
Traditional, contemporary and living at the same time: intangible cultural heritage
does not only represent inherited traditions from the past but also contemporary rural and urban
practices in which diverse cultural groups take part;
Inclusive: we may share expressions of intangible cultural heritage that are similar to those
practised by others.Whether they are from the neighbouring village, from a city on the opposite
side of the world, or have been adapted by peoples who have migrated and settled in a different
region, they all are intangible cultural heritage: they have been passed from one generation to
another, have evolved in response to their environments and they contribute to giving us a sense
of identity and continuity, providing a link from our past, through the present, and into our future.
Intangible cultural heritage does not give rise to questions of whether or not certain practices are
specific to a culture. It contributes to social cohesion, encouraging a sense of identity and
responsibility which helps individuals to feel part of one or different communities and to feel part
of society at large;
Representative: intangible cultural heritage is not merely valued as a cultural good, on a
comparative basis, for its exclusivity or its exceptional value. It thrives on its basis in communities
and depends on those whose knowledge of traditions, skills and customs are passed on to the rest
of the community, from generation to generation, or to other communities;
Community-based: intangible cultural heritage can only be heritage when it is recognized as
such by the communities, groups or individuals that create, maintain and transmit it – without their
recognition, nobody else can decide for them that a given expression or practice is their heritage.
https://ich.unesco.org/en/what-is-intangible-heritage-00003
73. To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must be of outstanding universal value and meet at least one
out of ten selection criteria
Selection criteria
(i) to represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;
(ii) to exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the
world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;
3. to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living
or which has disappeared;
4. to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape
which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;
5. to be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is
representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has
become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;
(vi) to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with
artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion
should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);
(vii) to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic
importance;
8. to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life,
significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or
physiographic features;
9. to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the
evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of
plants and animals;
10. to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological
diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view
of science or conservation.
74. Convention for the Protection of the Cultural Property in the Event of
Armed Conflict (1954)