Pensa-Wikipedia and history.pdf

We need to rewrite history
Rasheed Araeen’s claim to rewrite history
Achille Mbembe’s borders
Jean-Loup Amselle’s connections
Steven Weber’s open source production
Lawrence Lessing’s free culture
Yochai Benkler’s networked social production and open collaboration
V.Y. Mudimbe’s invention of Africa
Edward Said’s Orientalism
Michel Foucault’s power and knowledge James Clifford’s writing culture
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s strategic essentialism
Frantz Fanon’s colonial violence and weight
Marc Augé’s non-places
Homi K. Bhabha’s location of culture
Don Tapscott and Anthony Williams’s Wikinomics
Sarat Maharaj’s art and knowledge production
Arjun Appadurai’s cultural dimensions of globalization
Tirdad Zolghadr’s approach to art and exhibitions
Maja van derVelden’s contact zone on Wikipedia
Saskia Sassen’s global city
Mathieu O’Neil’s cyberchiefs
Mark Graham’s Africa on Wikipedia
Heather Ford’s missing Wikipedians

How about Wikipedia?
How to rewrite history?

© Information Architects,Web Trand Map 2007/V2, 2007.
Wikipedia is not like any other website

Wikimedia Commons
Immagini e video
WikiData
collegamenti interwiki e
informazioni statistiche
Wikipedia
400 milioni di lettori
280 versioni linguistiche
70.000 volontari
30 milioni di articoli
Wikisource
Documenti,
pubblicazioni e
manoscritti
I PROGETTI WIKIMEDIA
//////////////////////////
I contenuti dei progetti Wikimedia
sono liberi. Chiunque può usarli e
modificarli per fini commerciali e non
(citando la fonte e condividendoli con
la stessa licenza Creative Commons).
Wiki voyage
Informazioni turistiche
OpenStreetMap
Mappa con dati georeferenziati
Wikipedia and the Wikimedia projects are websites managed by online communities.
Wikimedia Foundation is the institution supporting Wikipedia and the Wikimedia projects and managing their servers
Wikimedia Italia promotes Wikipedia, the Wikimedia projects and OpenStreetMap in Italy.
Last update February 2023 https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/all-projects
Data items that anyone can edit
Open linked data
102 million items
Under the CC0
Wikidata
Wikimedia Commons
OpenStreetMap
Wikisource
Wikivoyage
the free worldwide travel guide
that you can edit.
License CC BY-SA
A freely usable map built by a
community of mappers that contribute
and maintain data about roads, trails,
cafés, railway stations, and much
more, all over the world.
freely usable media files to which anyone can contribute
90 million files
File in public domain, CC0, CC BY, CC BY-SA and similar
the free library that anyone can
improve
Wikipedia
the free encyclopedia that anyone can edit
60 million articles
331 linguistic editions
20 billion visualizations per month
200 million registered users
300’000 active users
License CC BY-SA 3.0
a non-profit library of millions of free books, movies, software, music, websites
Internet Archive
The Wikimedia Ecosystem

© Bili Bidjocka, Ecriture In
fi
nie, http://www.ecriturein
fi
nie.org.
L’Ecriture In
fi
nie - A book open to anyone and never
fi
nished

Edit Wikipedia. Communication campaign in public libraries. Design by Alessandro Serravalle developed within Wikipedia dietro le quinte, 2015 (Bachelor thesis), cc by-sa.
A collaborative effort

When © all rights are reserved
When nothing is written
Prohibiting derivative works
Prohibiting commercial use
CC 0
CC BY
CC BY-SA
Requiring attribution of data
Collaboration requires open licenses and open tools
It is always necessary to indicate È sempre necessario indicare l’autorizzazione sulla documentazione e vanno sempre autorizzate le modi
fi
che e il
riuso commerciale af
fi
nché un contenuto sia Open.
MIC BY NC

DensityDesign Research Lab-INDACO Department Politecnico di Milano, Fondazione Cariplo onWikipedia in Italian, 09/2011, cc by-sa.
Activating communities

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars

Core content policies:
❏ Neutral point of view
Wikipedia articles must be written from a neutral
point of view, representing significant views fairly,
proportionately and without bias.
❏ Verifiability
Material and quotations must be attributed to a
reliable, published source. People reading and
editing the encyclopedia should be able to check
these sources.
❏ No original research
Wikipedia does not publish original thought or new
analysis: all material in Wikipedia must be
attributable to a reliable, published source.
Source: Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Education/Reading_Wikipedia_in_the_Classroom

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view
Start with sources!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Veri
fi
ability
Start with sources!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources
Start with sources!

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources
Start with sources!

Mounir Fatmi, Les connexions, 2003-2004, installation
Bridging knowledge and presenting points of views

Wikipedia Primary School, visualization by Giovanni Profeta, https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Primary_School, cc by-sa.

https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_Primary_School - April 2014
WIKIPEDIA PRIMARY SCHOOL
Providing on Wikipedia the information necessary to complete the cycle of primary
education in the languages used by the different education systems.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
The research is developed within a Swiss-South African
cooperation lead by the University of Applied Sciences and Arts
of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI) and the University of Cape
Town, in partnership with Wikimedia Switzerland and the Africa
Centre based in Cape Town, and with the support of SNF and
the South African National Research Foundation (NRF).
Iolanda Pensa (principal investigator Switzerland), Tobias
Schönwetter (principal investigator South Africa), Luca Botturi,
Davide Fornari, Giancarlo Gianocca, Isla Haddow-Flood, Erica
Litrenta, Giovanni Profeta, Kelsey Wiens.
Wikipedia is meant to be an educational tool and it is currently
available online, via mobile phones and offline. Experiences
have shown that, once accessible, Wikipedia does not provide
information that responds directly to curriculum-based questions.
The project relies on Wikipedia as an existing and growing
resource, it solves the need for an encyclopedia capable of
responding to curriculum-based questions, and it fosters
Wikipedia content, quality and outreach.
THE PROJECT RESEARCH TEAM
The research project developed within a Swiss-South African
cooperation (2014-2017) focuses on the theoretical frame of
Wikipedia Primary School and in developing and evaluating a
system to assess Wikipedia articles for primary education and to
involve a wide network of scholars and contributors in their
production.
More specifically the project aims at:
1. Bridging Wikipedia and primary education. This objective
implies to move the Wikipedia community towards a focus on
primary education, and at the same time to strengthen the
capacity of the education ecosystem to contribute to
Wikipedia, and in general to open collaborative knowledge.
2. Enriching Wikipedia with new content relevant to primary
education. This objective implies an assessment of the
articles produced.
3. Fostering the development of translations and new content in
different Wikipedia linguistic editions. This objective implies
the release of existing educational resources (OER in cc by
or cc by-sa), the production of datasets and the involvement
of the Wikimedia movement.
4. Verifying and evaluating the use of Wikipedia as a source of
information for primary education. This objective implies the
involvement of stakeholders and data analysis.
Wikipedia Primary School contributes to universal primary
education and to the Millennium Development Goals (MDG2:
Achieve Universal Primary Education). Even if it is scalable and
international, the project is conceived primarily to address African
countries and languages.

https://itwiki-scuola-italiana.toolforge.org

DensityDesign Research Lab-INDACO Department Politecnico di Milano, ShareYour Knowledge, 2011-2012, cc by-sa.
We need more people and institutions

How to contribute to Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction

Anatomy of a Wikipedia article

Certain badges on the top right
corner can highlight the outstanding
quality of an article after going
through a structured peer review
process. For example, this article is
marked with a bronze star
representing its status as a Featured
Article - some of the best articles you
can find on Wikipedia.
Similarly, you can encounter warning
banners indicating areas of
improvement for an article, citations
needed, or potential conflicts.

The “Talk” section shows
discussions around the article’s
content: disputes around facts or
sources, suggestions for
improvement, etc.
It shows how knowledge is
constructed through informed
exchanges, civil discussions, and
collaboration.

If you click on the “View History”
tab you can see the development
of a Wikipedia article through a
list of the contributions done by
different volunteer editors.
Since everything is timestamped
you can see how the article has
evolved over time and how up-to-
date the content is.

The numbers found along a
Wikipedia article indicate the
sources used to create it.
You can see a quick glimpse of
the source by hovering the mouse
over the numbers. If you click on
them you will be taken to the
References section where you
will find all the sources listed.
Articles can be assessed
according to the number and
quality of sources they have.

https://blog.archive.org/2019/10/29/weaving-books-into-the-web-starting-with-wikipedia/

In the Open Movement
Free means Freedom
And it requires the use of
open licenses, open tools and open and libre software

Free and Open
with open and libre software
Not really “free” and proprietary
Audacity
BigBlueButton
Cryptopad
Firefox
Framadate
Internet Archive
Jitsi
LibreOf
fi
ce
LimeSurvey (for surveys)
Mastodon
Matrix (chat)
OpenStreetMap
Peertube
Thunderbird
(Telegram client)
Wikidata
Wikimedia Commons
Wikipedia
Wikisource
Wikivoyage
Zenodo
Zotero
Academia.edu
ChatGPT
Doodle
Dropbox
Figma
Google
Google Analytics
Google maps
Google drive
Eventbrite
Facebook
iCloud (Apple)
Instagram
Linkedin
ResearchGate
Skype
Slack
Teams
TikTok
Twitter
Youtube
Whatsapp
Zoom
Examples of free and open websites and services. If you can donate to support open websites and services.

DensityDesign Research Lab-INDACO Department Politecnico di Milano, ShareYour Knowledge, 2011-2012, cc by-sa.

https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Empowering_Italian_GLAMs

DensityDesign (Politecnico di Milano) & Wikimedia Italia - https://data.wikilovesmonuments.it. CC BY (data in CC0)

https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Empowering_Italian_GLAMs
Empowering Italian GLAMs
A project promoted by Wikimedia Italia
in collaboration with ICOM Italia, Creative Commons Italia and Università di Torino
co-funded by Wikimedia Foundation

Authorization to access
the building or the
artwork and take photos
Rights of the
photographer
Other legislations
Rights of authors
Rights of photographers
Rights of the artist or
architect which has
produced the artwork or
the building
Owner
Restrictions related to
commercial use of digital
reproductions
√ Authorization of the
photographer (CC0, CC
BY, CC BY-SA)
Upload on Wikimedia
Commons by the
photographer (selecting
the open license or tool)
√ No reproduction rights
√ The owner allows to
enter the building and
take photos
√ > 70 years after his/her
death
√ Freedom of panorama
for exteriors
√ Authorization
√ Legislations without
restrictions
√ Freedom of panorama
for exteriors
√ Authorizations
The complexity of opening cultural heritage
Cultural heritage?
Access to a database of
cultural heritage
√ Access to a database in
CC0 with upload on
Wikidata
√ Creation of a new
database on WikiData

Iolanda Pensa, 04/10/2023, CC BY-SA 4.0

Listen to Wikipedia
http://listen.hatnote.com/

Videos CKoi
Maladie - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Video_Wikipedia_CKoi_Maladie_-_Sickeness.webm
Dance - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Video_Wikipedia_CKoi_Dance.webm

Pensa-Wikipedia and history.pdf

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