This document contains multiple choice questions and answers from Chapter 5 of the textbook "The Cosmic Perspective". The chapter discusses light and matter, including how light interacts with matter, the nature of light as both a wave and particle, the electromagnetic spectrum, and atomic structure and spectra. Key points covered include how light can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected by matter, the wave-particle duality of light, and how the temperature of an object determines the peak wavelength in its thermal radiation spectrum.
Pathways to bankruptcy – essential factsnichollsco
How to go bankrupt? - A person can become bankrupt by making application or by a creditor applying to the Court for the Court to make an Order that the person be made bankrupt. For more information, please visit - http://nichollsco.com.au/pathways-to-bankruptcy-essential-facts/
Pathways to bankruptcy – essential factsnichollsco
How to go bankrupt? - A person can become bankrupt by making application or by a creditor applying to the Court for the Court to make an Order that the person be made bankrupt. For more information, please visit - http://nichollsco.com.au/pathways-to-bankruptcy-essential-facts/
Moving on And Moving in: Strategies for Ensuring a Smooth Transition in Museu...West Muse
Leadership change is inevitable. Its success level is highly dependent on strategies and actions employed by board, staff, and out-going and in-coming museum directors. For Board members and directors, this session explores suggestions for successful transition strategies, including the critical steps to take and the pitfalls to avoid as a new leader is introduced, engaged, and integrated into your organization and community.
It Takes A Village: Building a Culture of PhilanthropyWest Muse
In many museums, fundraising is the job of a small, dedicated team but what could happen if fundraising was EVERYONE's job? In this session, join James G. Leventhal, Niki Ciccotelli Stewart, and Neal V. Hitch to explore how building a culture of giving has changed their museums, built capacity, and enriched the lives of donors and staff. Participants discuss strategies to build this culture at both large and small institutions.
ԲԱՑԱՐՁԱԿ ԱՐԺԵՔ ՊԱՐՈՒՆԱԿՈՂ ՊԱՐԶԱԳՈՒՅՆ ՀԱՎԱՍԱՐՈՒՄՆԵՐԻ ՈՒՍՈՒՑՄԱՆ ՄԱՍԻՆGarik Yenokyan
ԲԱՑԱՐՁԱԿ ԱՐԺԵՔ ՊԱՐՈՒՆԱԿՈՂ ՊԱՐԶԱԳՈՒՅՆ ՀԱՎԱՍԱՐՈՒՄՆԵՐԻ ՈՒՍՈՒՑՄԱՆ ՄԱՍԻՆ. ԲԱՑԱՐՁԱԿ ԱՐԺԵՔ ՊԱՐՈՒՆԱԿՈՂ ՊԱՐԶԱԳՈՒՅՆ ՀԱՎԱՍԱՐՈՒՄՆԵՐ, ՊԱՐԶԱԳՈՒՅՆ ՀԱՎԱՍԱՐՈՒՄՆԵՐ
http://matematika.advandcash.biz/parzaguyn-havasarumner/
50+ Ways to Improve Your Classroom With Technology v 4.0Vicki Davis
Get the latest ideas for how to improve your classroom with technology. This grab-bag of ideas will be accented by practical real world examples shared by classroom teacher Vicki Davis, the Cool Cat Teacher.
SuperSellingskills: Training in Persuasive CommunicationZaheer Qazi
The “SuperSellingSkills" program is an experiential interaction with Zaheer Qazi on Life, Persuasion, Branding, Selling and Customer Care. As we know, selling is not a skill exclusively for sales professionals and every one of us is a salesperson in one way or the other, we need to improve our persuasive communication, prospecting, planning, and presenting skills for our relationships and life.
Нестандартні завдання з історії для 6 класуgalinka0525
Пропонований збірник завдань містить різноманітні завдання ,які об’єднані відповідно до тем, передбачених програмою. Завдання різні за змістом, складністю, що дозволяє дифереційовано використовувати їх в процесі вивчення інтегрованого курсу історії з учнями 6 класу.
Why can we not see individual photons, but rather light appear to us.pdfarrowmobile
Why can we not see individual photons, but rather light appear to us to be continuous Why can
we not see individual photons, but rather light appears to us to be continuous? a)A light beam
contains a multitude of photons, each with a very small amount of energy. b)The wave part of a
photon superposes with the wave part of other photons in the beam, making the beam appear to
be continuous. c)The wave part of the photon extends over a spatial region that is larger than our
eyes can detect. d)The particle properties of photons do not interact with our eyes. e)Each photon
carries information from the whole electromagnetic spectrum; and our eyes camiot interpret this
information.
Solution
A light is composed of multitude of photons. And each photon carries a very small amount of
energy.
Hence, the correct statement is option (a). And the remaining options are wrong..
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.