This document provides an introduction to Selenium, an open source tool for automating web application testing. Selenium allows testing of web applications across different browsers without needing to modify the source code. It works by issuing commands to browser drivers to simulate user interactions such as clicking links, filling forms, and verifying page content. The document outlines how to set up and run automated tests using the Selenium Ruby bindings and RSpec testing framework.

1. Meet Selenium
Automated application testing

2. Application Testing
Automated
Browser
Running
Website

3. Application Testing
Type text here

4. Application Testing
Click here

5. Application Testing
Check text is ...

6. Application Testing
• Don’t need to change source code
• Can test (almost) anything
• Less focused than unit testing

7. Testing Tools
• Selenium server
• Web driver client
• Browsers

8. Testing Tools
Selenium Driver
Selenium Server

9. Supported Languages
• Official:
• Java, C#, Ruby, Python, JavaScript
• Community:
• perl, php, Haskell, Objective-C

10. Sample Driver Code
require 'selenium-webdriver'
!
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox
driver.navigate.to "https://duckduckgo.com/"
!
!
driver.find_element(:id, 'search_form_input_homepage')
.send_keys("webdriver")
!
driver.find_element(:id, 'search_button_homepage')
.click
!
puts "Search page title = #{driver.title}"
!
driver.quit

11. Online Resources
• Ruby Selenium Wiki:
https://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/
RubyBindings
• Selenium Ruby API:
http://selenium.googlecode.com/git/docs/
api/rb/index.html

12. Selenium API

13. Agenda
WebDriver
WebElement

14. Main Classes
# Create a driver for Firefox
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox
!
# Create a driver for Safari
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :safari
!
# If your FF is installed in a non-default location
# Use this before creating the driver
Selenium::WebDriver::Firefox.path = "/path/to/firefox"

15. WebDriver Functions
# Load a web page
driver.navigate.to "http://www.google.com"
!
# Returns page title
driver.title
!
# Returns HTML page source
driver.page_source
!
# Call a JS function
driver.execute_script("alert('hello world');")
!
# Quit the browser
driver.quit

16. Web Element
• Query and interact with elements on the
page
• Both visual and functional
• Get using a locator

17. Locating Web Elements
# Get an element on the page
# By name
el = driver.find_element(:name, 'btnK')
!
# By css selector
el = driver.find_element(:css, '.menu-item')
!
# By id
el = driver.find_element(:id, 'login-form')
!
# By xpath
el = driver.find_element(:xpath, "//h2[@class='title']")

18. Web Element
• Visual Methods:
el = driver.find_element(:css, '.menu-item')
!
# Get the location of the element
# (top-left corner)
el.location
!
# Get size of an element
el.size
!
# Bool: is element visible
el.displayed?

19. Web Element
• Functional Methods
# Get attribute value
el.attribute('id')
!
# Get inner text value
el.text
!
# Mouse click on the element
el.click
!
# Focus and send keyboard presses
el.send_keys('hello')

20. Testing with Ruby,
RSpec and Selenium

21. RSpec
• Ruby’s testing framework
• Looks like jasmine / mocha

22. RSpec
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require 'person'!
!
describe 'Person' do!
describe '#grow_up' do!
it "should increase a persons's age" do!
p = Person.new(10)!
p.grow_up!
!
expect(p.age).to eq(11)!
end!
end!
end!

23. Running RSpec
• Save your code in lib/
• Save your spec in spec/
• Just type rspec
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" Press ? for help!
!
.. (up a dir)!
▾ lib/!
Person.rb!
▾ spec/!
person_spec.rb!

24. Running Cloud RSpec
• Sign up and use a cloud based selenium
testing provider

25. Sauce Cloud Demo
•
Use ruby-sauce
gem
•
Specify all
browsers in
Config
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require 'sauce'!
!
Sauce.config do |c|!
c[:browsers] = [!
["Windows 7","Firefox","18"],!
]!
end!
!
# s / selenium are automatically available!
# inside the test!
describe 'Testing Google', :sauce => :true do!
it 'should be Google' do!
s.navigate.to('http://www.google.com')!
expect(s.title).to eq('Google')!
end!
end!

26. Demos
• Let’s test duckduckgo’s title for the input
search string (http://duckduckgo.com/)
• Let’s test designmodo’s siedbar disappears
on small screen (http://designmodo.com/)

27. RSpec Hooks
•
•
Use hooks for
setup/teardown
code
before(:each),
before(:all),
after(:each) and
after(:all)
describe Thing do!
before(:each) do!
@thing = Thing.new!
end!
!
!
!
describe "initialized in before(:each)" do!
it "has 0 widgets" do!
expect(@thing.widgets.count).to eq(0)!
end!
it "can get accept new widgets" do!
@thing.widgets << Object.new!
end!
it "does not share state across examples" do!
expect(@thing.widgets.count).to eq(0)!
end!
end

28. Advanced Selenium
APIs

29. Target Locator
• Selenium driver is “focused” on a single
frame or modal dialog
• Change active frame using switch_to

30. Target Locator
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frame = driver.find_elements(:css, 'iframe').first!
!
driver.switch_to.frame(frame['id'])!
element = driver.find_element(:css, 'button')!
element.click!
!
alert = driver.switch_to.alert!
puts alert.text!
alert.accept!
Demo URL: http://jsfiddle.net/Wchm5/embedded/result/

31. Explicit Waits
• When async JS is involved, you may need to
wait for state change
• Selenium has a Wait object

32. Explicit Wait
# Create a wait object with 30 seconds timeout
wait = Selenium::WebDriver::Wait.new( :timeout => 30 )
!
driver.find_element(:name, 'q').send_keys('webdriver')
driver.find_element(:name, 'btnK').click
!
# Page title is not yet changed
# so this just prints google
puts driver.title
!
# So we wait...
wait.until { driver.title != 'Google' }
!
# And now get the right value
puts driver.title

33. Selenium
Actions
Simulating mouse interactions
and complex ui gestures

34. Selenium Actions
# Use method chaining to describe the sequence,
# and perform to execute
!
# Move mouse to el1 center and click
driver.action.move_to(el1).click.perform
!
# Press and hold shift, move mouse to el1 and click
# then move mouse to second_element and click again
# release shift key, and drag element to third_element
driver.action.key_down(:shift).
click(el1).
click(second_element).
key_up(:shift).
drag_and_drop(element, third_element).
perform

35. Live Demo #1
• Enter AccuWeather
• Check weather for Tel Aviv
• Make sure (F) and (C) match
• Use SaucaLabs to run on multiple browsers

36. Takeaways
• Wrap website access in your own ruby
class (which uses Selenium)
• Aim for short test specs

37. System Testing
• Be selective about what you test
• Run tests nightly
• Use a remote test server